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3.042 Materials Project Laboratory
Project Concept and Plan
Team No-DripTania Chan
Michele Dufalla
Jacqueline Greene
According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_who.htm
•2-3 million children < 5 yrs old die of diarrhea diseases•Water sources:
•Surface water sources such as rivers or lakes •Groundwater wells that are potentially contaminated, particularly open shallow wells •Piped systems in which the water is inadequately treated or flow is intermittent, allowing contamination through leaks where pipes are connected •Piped water systems in which intermittent flow requires households to store water •Water tankers •Water vendors whose source of water is not safe or whose tanker or storage tank is not likely to be clean
The Problem of Water Contamination
Lack of access to safe water
• Population shifts stress water & sanitation infrastructure due to natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc.
• Chlorine effectively inactivates the majority of organisms that cause diarrhea disease in humans
• Safe containers for storing water an issue; need cheaper taps to use for variety of storage canisters
CDC safe water vessel
• Produce in South Africa US $2.50
• To purchase & ship to Zambia from South Africa, costs US $5
• In India costs US$2 to produce & ship within country
• To make vessels locally, molds for vessel, spigot, & cap US $15,000
Dynamite Fast Tap Quart Bottle Spout$4.95
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0006O4YT8/ref=nosim?s=merchant&m=A1KQ8Q5LL5HU6M&v=glance&tag=nextag-toys-mp-20&camp=212325&creative=380341
Commercially Available Water Taps
Tap ‘n Glue Dispenser Cap with Spring-Loaded Stopper
$1.49
http://www.nextag.com/Tap-n-Glue-Dispenser-80480611/prices-html
Commercially Available Water Taps
Wood Tap$4.95 starting bid
http://auctions.yahoo.com/i:vintage%20all%20wood%20barrel%20tap%207%201%2F4%20inchs%20long%20W165:100136129
Commercially Available Water Taps
Spigot$4.00
http://www.baproducts.com/spigot.jpg
Commercially Available Water Taps
http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_34women.jpg
Water Containers at Various Countries
http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_32_R.jpg
Water Containers at Various Countries
http://www.antiques-internet.com/colorado/eronjohnsonantiques/images/IG1629-0.jpg, www.wine-making.co.za/Vessels.aspx, www.forthehorseofcourse.com/stall-stable.shtml
Water Containers at Various Countries
18 Countries in Africa
12 Countries in Asia
2 Countries in Central America
3 Countries in South America
Target Countries of Low Cost Water Taps
http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_where.htm
Consideration Criteria
Low Raw Material Cost
Availability of Materials in Local Areas
Low Processing Cost
Ease of Processing
Durability
Ease of Use
Materials Consideration
Clay
Natural Materials
http://www.phildyson.com.au/Clay%20rich%20sand%20and%20gravel%2018%20-%2028%20metres.JPG
Plants Materials
Natural Materials
www.bakewell-trees.org/gallery/bark/
Animal Bones
Natural Materials
http://www.planetozkids.com/oban/animals/environment.htm
Plastics
Synthetic Recyclable Materials
http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/bags/img/garbage.jpg
http://www.hat.net/album/middle_east/004_egypt/day_44_bahariyya/033_garbage_of_plastic_bottle.jpg
Motor Oil
Synthetic Recyclable Materials
http://www.backyardmetalcastingcom
Consideration Criteria
Versatility, suitable for multiple types of water containers
Tight fit, no leakage
Durability
Ease of Usage
Tap Attachment Method
Conical Seals
Tap Attachment
http://www.vending.sk/pict_sklad/107A0101A.JPG
Threaded Screw Spigot
Tap Attachment
Tubing
Tap Attachment
www.tgiltd.com/Tube.jpg
Major Tasks
Materials Selection
-economics, availability
Materials Testing
-durability, processibility
Device Design
-versatility, user-friendliness
Device Fabrication
-feasibility, ease of use, tools needed
Designing a Low Cost Water Tap
Questions?