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Dropping Print without Getting Hurt
A Scholarly Publisher’s (Mostly Business) Perspective
Society for Scholarly Publishing30th Annual Meeting
Boston, Massachusetts, USAMay 30, 2008
The RockefellerThe Rockefeller UniversityUniversity
Founded in 1901 as The Rockefeller Founded in 1901 as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchInstitute for Medical Research
First institution in the United States First institution in the United States devoted solely to biomedical researchdevoted solely to biomedical research
One of the foremost research centers in One of the foremost research centers in the world, contributing to 23 Nobel Prizes the world, contributing to 23 Nobel Prizes as well as numerous other awardsas well as numerous other awards
69 heads of laboratories69 heads of laboratories 200 research and clinical scientists200 research and clinical scientists 350 postdoctoral investigators350 postdoctoral investigators 1050 support staff1050 support staff 150 Ph.D. students150 Ph.D. students 50 M.D.-Ph.D. students50 M.D.-Ph.D. students 960 alumni960 alumni
Founded in 1910Founded in 1910
Department of the universityDepartment of the university
Self-supportingSelf-supporting
Editorial, Production, Sales & Marketing, Editorial, Production, Sales & Marketing, Customer Service all in-houseCustomer Service all in-house
< 40 Staff< 40 Staff
Publish 3 biomedical journalsPublish 3 biomedical journals
Hybrid between university press and Hybrid between university press and society publishersociety publisher
3 Biomedical Journals
The Journal of Cell Biology (JCB), founded in 1955
Originally The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology
The Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM), published since 1905 Founded at Johns Hopkins University in 1896
The Journal of General Physiology (JGP), founded in 1917
3 Well-Positioned Biomedical Journals
JCB Impact Factor 10.152
4th in total citations among 156 journals in the cell biology subject category
9th in Impact Factor among primary research journals in cell biology
Source: 2006 ISI® Journal Citation Reports
JEM Impact Factor JEM Impact Factor 14.48414.484
3rd in IF among 76 journals in the research & experimental medicine category
3rd in IF for a primary research journal among 117 journals in immunology category
JGP Impact Factor 4.962
1st in IF for a primary research journal among 79 journals in the physiology category
1st in Immediacy Index among primary research journals in physiology
Greater Access via Online Publishing
• Launched online journals in 1997 via HighWire
• Broad access control policies from the beginningIP-address authentication, remote access for authenticated users
• Open Access Green Route, July 2000– authors to freely distribute their published work by
posting the final, formatted PDF version on their own websites immediately after publication
• Creative Commons License, May 2008– Authors now retain copyright of their articles
JCB Online Access Control Timeline
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Access Control Period
18 Months 12 Months 6 Months
Print and Online Pricing
Bundled Unbundled: Print-only & Online-Only Subs (No special price for Print + Online) Online-Only, Bundled P+O
Temporary Access Pay-per-Article (7 days, 1 article) & Pay-for-Admission (14-days, entire journal) Pay-per-Article
World Bank Low-Income Ecos
Deep Discount Free of Charge
WB Lower-Middle and Upper-Middle
Deep Discount Free of Charge Discount??????
12 Countries Deep Discount
Publish Ahead of Print
Half of an issue's articles are posted 1 week before print publication
Archiving All Issues to Vol 1, Iss 1
JCB Institutional Subscription Price Differentials between Online and Print. Online and Print+Online, 1999-2008 (Online Prices are from Tier 2 for 2005-2008)
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Year
Per
cen
tag
e
Price of Online vs. Print -10% -20% -20% -16% 1% 5% 7% 7% -5%
Price of Online vs. Online+Print -22% -56% -56% -54% -50% -49% -48% -48% -51% -50%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Single-Site JCB Institutional Subscriptions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Year
Per
cen
tag
e
Pct. Online-Only Subs 0% 0% 1% 5% 8% 10% 15% 19% 24% 29% 36% 43%
Pct. Online + Print Subs 0% 100% 11% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 12% 11% 10% 57%
Pct. Print-Only Subs 100% 0% 88% 87% 82% 77% 71% 67% 64% 60% 55% 0%
Pct. With Online Access 100% 100% 12% 13% 18% 23% 29% 33% 36% 40% 45% 100%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Why Stop the Traditional Print Subscription?
Better question: why continue?
– Online version is the journal of record– Online image quality is now quite high– Online archiving is well established
• LOCKSS, JSTOR, NIH (PubMed Central)
– Print not widely read– Cost of traditional offset printing– Environmental costs of print
Concerns, Part 1: Subscriptions
• Personal print sub losses• Institutional duplicate print losses• Institutional print drops due to 6-month
embargo period
Answer?
Multisite/Consortia/National deals
Concerns, Part II
• Print advertising revenue
• Visibility – journal clubs, conference tables– Marketing/Exhibits
Answer?
Print on Demand
Taking Steps toward E-Only
• 55% of single-site institutional subs still print-only in 2007
• We eliminated the print-only option for 2008, offering online-only and online-with-print options
• Offered promotional rates for online-only and online-with-print; online-only and online-with-print rates were higher than 2007 print-only rates, but…
– Tier 1 (4-year colleges, hospitals, etc)• online-with-print price was 15% more than online-only
– Tiers 2 & 3 (small and large doctoral institutions, etc.)• online-with-print price was 25% more than online-only
Result?
80% of 2007 print-only subs renewed to online-with-print in 2008!
What to Do for 2009?
Gregory MalarGregory MalarBusiness Development DirectorBusiness Development DirectorThe Rockefeller University PressThe Rockefeller University Press1114 First Avenue1114 First AvenueNew York, NY 10021New York, NY 10021USAUSATel: +1 212 327 7948Tel: +1 212 327 7948Fax: +1 212 327 7944Fax: +1 212 327 7944Email: [email protected]: [email protected]
Thank You!
