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10.04.23 Seite 1GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as HCFC-22 replacement in air
conditioning
Atmosphere 2009Bussels, 19-20 October 2009
Volkmar Hasse
GTZ-Proklima
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Projecto Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
RO
KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 3GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Statement
Hydrocarbon refrigerants are an excellent alternative to HCFCs. Hydrocarbons are used safely in all walks of life from hairspray and cooking gas to fuels for cars and airplanes. Hydrocarbon based technologies have to be designed to operate safely, and they are indeed safe."
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10.04.23 Seite 4GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Projecto Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
RO
KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 5Page 5
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
window unità 1 – 5 kWà 0.1 -1 kgà small rooms, hotels, homes, offices
through-the-wallà 2 – 10 kWà 0.2 – 1 kgà small rooms, hotels, offices
portableà 2 – 5 kWà 0.2 – 0.5 kgà small rooms, homes, offices
single splità 2 – 10 kWà 0.2 – 1.5 kgà small rooms, hotels, homes, offices
close controlà 10 – 100 kWà 1 - 15 kgmedium rooms, offices, public buildings, IT
Types of room air conditioning equipment
10.04.23 Seite 6GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Room Air conditioners Worldwide
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10.04.23 Seite 7Page 7
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008
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Historical and forecast production of RAC equipment in China (for domestic
consumption)
10
100
1000
10000
100000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
New
pro
duct
s (0
00's
) .
Windows/through thewall
Portables
Single splits
Multisplits
Packaged etc
Chillers
Integral cabinets
Condensing unit systems
Central systems
Increase is nearly exponential !
10.04.23 Seite 8Page 8
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008
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Comercial refrig
Transport refrig
Industrial refrig
Stationary a/c
Mobile a/c
Foams
Fire-protect
Solvents
Comercial refrig
Transport refrig
Industrial refrig
Stationary a/c
Mobile a/c
Foams
Fire-protect
Solvents
HCFC demand (new equipment and servicing) in
A5 countries, 2009
HCFC banks in A5 countries, 2009
10.04.23 Seite 9GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)o Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
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KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 10GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Substitute Technologies
o R 410A: GWP 2100o R 407C: GWP 1800o R 290: GWP 3
- Technical development: energy efficiency
- Safety standards: flammability
- Comparison with R600a refrigerators:
Safety discussions 12 years ago Lessons learned?
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10.04.23 Seite 11GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion in China
o 1995: Company Quingdao Haier introduced Greenfreeze Technology, supported by GTZ
o 1997: Company Kelon changed its production to Greenfreeze
o 2008: 75% of Chinese production uses Greenfreeze Technology
We did it once. Can we do it again?
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10.04.23 Seite 12GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion Worldwide
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Prod
uctio
n (m
illio
ns o
f uni
ts)
Other
HC600a
HFC134a
CFC12
Now, even in USA, introduction of HCs in some domestics and trials in ice cream freezers and bottle coolers
10.04.23 Seite 13GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)o Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
RO
KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 14Page 14
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008
o Production of R290 Room air conditioners to at Gree Electric Appliances Inc
o Gree is worlds largest manufacturer of room air conditioners
o Developed range of R290 splitso Efficiency higher than equivalent
R22, R407C and R410A productso Details on the Gree AC Unit (refer to
exhibition)
10.04.23 Seite 15GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
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o Comprehensive training for production engineers and service technicians needs to be implemented
o Marketing strategy for new models
o Prices? Every company introducing the technology will have to make serious research and development efforts to make the technology safe and cost-effective
o After mass-production starts, the prices of R290 units should however be very competitive
GREE cannot do it alone. There must be other equipment manufacturers to follow suit.
10.04.23 Seite 16GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Emission Reduction Scenario
o Potential for China (60% of world‘s A/C production)
o Diffusion rate based on experiences with R 600a Greenfreeze technology
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10.04.23 Seite 17GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Projecto Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
RO
KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 18GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Policy Development
oOver 100 countries will place import quotas to meet 2013/2015 MP obligations
o Europe: reconsidering EN 378 o International: reconsider IEC 60335-2-40?oChina: RAC industry safety standardsoUSA: Clean Air Act / ASHRAEo Safety considerations depend on:
- appropriate industry standards- appropriate service technician education
oMontreal Protocol Example: CFC phase out
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10.04.23 Seite 19Page 19
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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008
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Estimated annual (reported) emissions from China RAC equipment (no R-22)
0
50
100
150
200
250
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Reportin
g d
irect
em
issi
ons
(Mt C
O2-e
q) .
no substitution (HCFC and HFC)
7% substitution with NR per year
11% substitution with NR per year
o Additional emissions from each years production, eligible for reporting
o With HFCs only, emissions increase by over 10 times by 2020
o With natural refrigerants, 2007 levels are maintained by 2020
10.04.23 Seite 20GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Policy Development
o Destruction and recycling of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs
o Most developing countries have no facilities (too expensive, no infrastructure)
o Recovered stocks – ultimate fate is atmosphereo Entire problem can be avoided with HCs
(may be vented)
This policy situation may translate into sooner and higher market demand for natural refrigerant based solutions
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10.04.23 Seite 21GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Projecto Policy Developmento Market PotentialP
RO
KL
IMA
10.04.23 Seite 22GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Room Air Conditioner Situation 2009
o approx. 1 billion HCFC-22 units worldwideo about 100 million units added annuallyo average HCFC-22 charge about 1.6 kgo approx. 1’600’000 tonnes HCFC-22 contained in
existing equipmento HCFC-22 GWP: 1’810 o 2’896 Mtonnes CO2eq.o Servicing needs: approx. 800’000 tonnes/yro 1’448 Mtonnes CO2eq.
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10.04.23 Seite 23GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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A Market Potential
o Major development in tropical countries:- Energy efficiency, direct emission reductions
o Major countries: China, India, Gulf, ASEAN, Latin America
o LVCs: Island States, Africa o Developing gap between market demand for air
conditioners and availability of HCFC air conditioners due to freeze in 2013 and subsequent reduction steps
o Precondition: Availability of HC refrigerant gas
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10.04.23 Seite 24GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
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Thank you for your interest and support
replacing HCFC 22 with an environmentally
friendly substitute
Thank You!