3/12/2013 Computer Engg, IIT(BHU) 1

OpenMP-3

OMP_INIT_LOCKOMP_INIT_NEST_LOCK

Purpose:● This subroutine initializes a lock

associated with the lock variable.● The nest routine is new with

OpenMP version 3.0

OMP_DESTROY_LOCKOMP_DESTRIY_NEST_LOCK

Purpose:● This subroutine disassociates the

given lock variable from any locks.● The nest routine is new with

OpenMP version 3.0

OMP_SET_LOCKOMP_SET_NEST_LOCK

Purpose:● This subroutine forces the executing

thread to wait until the specified lock is available. A thread is granted ownership of a lock when it becomes available.

● The nest routine is new with OpenMP version 3.0

OMP_UNSET_LOCKOMP_UNSET_NEST_LOCK

Purpose:● This subroutine releases the lock

from the executing subroutine.● The nest routine is new with

OpenMP version 3.0

OMP_TEST_LOCKOMP_TEST_NEST_LOCK

Purpose:● This subroutine attempts to set a

lock, but does not block if the lock is unavailable.

● The nest routine is new with OpenMP version 3.0

OMP_GET_WTIME

Purpose:

● Provides a portable wall clock timing routine

● Returns a double-precision floating point value equal to the number of elapsed seconds since some point in the past. Usually used in "pairs" with the value of the first call subtracted from the value of the second call to obtain the elapsed time for a block of code.

● Designed to be "per thread" times, and therefore may not be globally consistent across all threads in a team - depends upon what a thread is doing compared to other threads.

OMP_GET_WTICK

Purpose:● Provides a portable wall clock

timing routine● Returns a double-precision floating

point value equal to the number of seconds between successive clock ticks.

Perfomance related Issues

Best Practices

Optimize Barrier Use

Avoid the Ordered Construct

Avoid Large Critical Regions

Maximize Parallel Regions

Address Poor Load Balance

Intel core i7 processor

Features

Model Name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 930@2.80GHz

Cache size : 8192 KB.

#of Cores=4, #of Threads =8

Max Turbo Frequency =3.8GHz

Max Memory Bandwidth : 21 GB/s

This quad-core processor features 8-way multitasking capability and additional L3 cache.

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology): allows each core of your processor to work on two tasks at the same time.

AMD Phenon II

Frequency :3.2GHz

Total L2 Cache:3MB L3 Cache:6MB

The AMD Phenom™ II X6 1090T shifts frequency speed from 3.2GHz on six cores, to 3.6GHz on three cores.

Pi function on Intel i7 Processor

Model Name :Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 930 @ 2.80GHz

cache size : 8192 KB Terms in Pi function:10 Crore

User time decreases as the no of thread increases upto 8 also can be seen that scalability falls rapidly after 4 threads as the Intel i7 processor is Quad Core Machine.

Pi function on AMD phenon II

User time decreases as the no of thread decreases upto 6 threads also can be seen that scalability falls rapidly after 6 threads

Just 4 statements would do it !!!!#pragma omp parallel shared(totalTerms,pi) private(mypi)

{

mypi = 0;

#pragma omp for

for (i=0; i<totalTerms; i++)

mypi += (4*(pow(-1,i)/double(2*i+1)));

#pragma omp critical (update_pi)

{

pi += mypi;

}

#pragma omp single

{

std::cout<<"omp_get_num_threads()="<<omp_get_num_threads()<<"\n";

} }

Pi function<while under for/> on i7 Processor

Just 6 statements would do it !!!!#pragma omp parallel shared(totalTerms,pi,k) private(mypi)

{ while(k<No_Iterations){

#pragma omp single

{

pi[k]=0;

}mypi = 0;

#pragma omp for

for (int i=0; i<totalTerms; i++)

mypi += (4.0*(pow(-1.0,i)/double(2.0*i+1.0)));

#pragma omp critical (update_pi)

{

pi[k] += mypi;

}

#pragma omp barrier

#pragma omp single

{ k++; } } }

Summary

OpenMP provides a compact, yet powerful programming model for shared memory programming

OpenMP preserves the sequential version of the program

Summary

Developing an OpenMP program:➢Start from a sequential program

➢Identify the code segment that takes most of the time.

➢Determine whether the important loops can be parallelized

•The loops may have critical sections, reduction variables, etc

➢Determine the shared and private variables.

➢Add directives.

➢See for example pi.c and piomp.c program.

●Challenges in developing correct openMP programs➢Dealing with loop carried dependence➢Removing unnecessary dependencies➢Managing shared and private variables

Thanks and References

Wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenMP

Msdn Magazine

www.openmp.org