3.2: China Limits European

Contact

Yuan to Ming• Yuan – What do you remember??• Hongwu – 1st Ming emporer– Led rebels against Mongol rule

• Mandate of Heaven

Tribute System

• Vassal states and other nations paid–Why??

• Respect, acknowledge submission to China

• Exclusive trading rights

Hongwu – Policy/Leadership

• Erase past connected to Yuan• Revitalize agriculture• Return to Confucian ideals • Merit-based civil service exam

• Death power struggle son (Yonglo) takes over

Yonglo – Policy/Leadership

• Forbidden City• Continued eradication of

anything Mongol • Sponsored voyages– Zheng He– Gifts given, tributes in return

“Isolation”

• Official policy vs. reality• Christian missionaries–Matteo Ricci• Contributions to China• Gains in return

Qing Dynasty

• Manchu• Invaded, conquered Ming• Upheld Chinese tradititions• Strengthen policy of isolation– Kowtow – Dutch vs. British

“There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed.

We have never set much store on strange or

ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of

your country’s manufactures.”

Qing Dynasty

• Updated agriculture• Population boom – Implications for females**