328

POWER PLANT

Power Control Systems

PP332200 AAVVRR

Automatic voltage regulator

Technical description

R07-0024RUGO1A P320 AVR V2 Product Description Sheet 2/22

Technical inaccuracies or spelling errors may be found in this sheet. Changes may be added periodically to the information contained here. They will be incorporated in

subsequent issues of this sheet. At any time, and without prior notice, ALSTOM Power may improve or change the products or programs described in this document.

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Table of contents

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 3

2 DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................. 5

3 REGULATOR HARDWARE DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 8

3.1 TYPICAL RACK ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................ 8

3.2 POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................... 9

3.3 CENTRAL PROCESS UNIT ........................................................................................... 9

3.4 COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIES ............................................................................. 9

3.5 EXTERNAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS .................................................................................. 10

3.6 GATE DRIVER ............................................................................................................. 11

4 FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE P320 AVR REGULATOR ................................... 12

5 COMMISSIONING & MAINTENANCE TOOLS ......................................................... 14

5.1 LOCAL CONTROL PANEL .......................................................................................... 14

5.2 CONTROCAD LOADER .............................................................................................. 16

6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................... 19

- ALSTOM Power - 2005. ALSTOM Power, the logo ALSTOM Power and their frameworks are trademarks and service trademark

applications of ALSTOM Power. The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies.

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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

This publication may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes may be periodically made to the information herein

and will be incorporated in new editions of this publication. ALSTOM Power may make improvements or changes in the products,

processes or the programs described in this publication at any time without notice.

ALSTOM Power Turbo-Systems - Plant Information & Control Systems - 2 quai Michelet 92309 Levallois-Perret cedex - France

www.power.alstom.com




1 INTRODUCTION

ALSTOM Power has a proven and world-wide experience in power generation Control Systems, with

more than 2750 AVR delivered in the last 35 years, in Nuclear, Thermal and Hydraulic power plants.

Taking advantage of its know-how and its experience, ALSTOM Power has developed a

comprehensive machine control system that comprised the P320 AVR.

The P320 AVR regulator is specially dedicated to the excitation regulation of AC generators and motors.

It is compliant with the latest revision of standards IEEE 421.2 “Guide for identification testing and

evaluation of the dynamic performance of excitation control systems” and IEEE 421.5 “Recommended

practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies”.

It is designed to manage all types of excitation systems (static, brushless, DC exciters) and can be

applied to any kind of power generation applications (steam, hydraulic, diesel and gas turbines),

from small units to large energy generators, new and refurbishment projects.

Totally digital in design, the P320 AVR combines very high performance level, easy programming

and flexibility of set-up. Based on an Industrial Automation Digital Product of world-wide diffusion, it

associates standard “off the shelf” modules to specific ones designed for dedicated functions. It

guarantees an optimum reliability and sustainable production of this controller.

It is wide open to communication and can be controlled from Distributed Control Systems (DCS),

dedicated operator stations, local operator terminal or from conventional panels.




Typical static excitation equipment




2 DESCRIPTION

The here below description gives the main possibilities of the P320 AVR; the application to each

specific project is described in the excitation description

2.1 STRUCTURE

Single channel structure :

The system consists of one channel, being constituted of a digital voltage regulator (AVR) with

integrated FCR (Field Current Regulator). A failure of the AVR loop switches over the system to the

FCR loop. Follow up in both ways provides smooth transfer between the regulators.

UG

IG

IF

Gate driver AVR / FCR N°1

Valid

Uc signal

Wo

rld

fip

F8000 –

Red

un

dan

t In

tern

al B

us

Valid

Pulse amplifier

Local Control

Panel




TWIN structure :

The system consists of two identical channels, each one being constituted of a digital voltage

regulator (AVR) with its own power supply, its own thyristor firing module and its own bridge. The

two identical digital regulators, normal and stand-by, integrate both a FCR (Field Current Regulator).

A failure of the Active channel switches over the system to the Stand-by channel. Follow up in both

ways provides smooth transfer between the regulators.

This redundant structure guarantees the best availability of the power generation, with

automatic regulation and integrated FCR. Each power converter is designed to flow

continuously 110% of the rated current and the transient ceiling current every 15 minutes. In

case of one converter failure, the active channel switches over automatically to the standby

channel and the power converter in trouble is blocked.

UG

IG

IF

Gate driver

Uc signal

AVR / FCR N°1

Valid

AVR / FCR N°2

Valid

Uc signal

Wo

rld

fip

F8000 –

Red

un

dan

t In

tern

al B

us

Local Control

Panel

Local Control

Panel

UG

IG

IF




Full redundant TWIN structure :

The system consists of two identical channels, each one being constituted of a digital voltage

regulator (AVR) with its own power supply, its own thyristor firing module. The two identical

digital regulators, normal and stand-by, integrate both a FCR (Field Current Regulator). A

failure of the Active channel switches over the system to the Stand-by channel.

Follow up in both ways provides smooth transfer between the regulators.

This redundant structure guarantees the best availability of the power generation, with

automatic regulation and integrated FCR and thyristor bridge redundancy.

Each power converter is designed to flow continuously 110% of the rated current and the

transient ceiling current every 15 minutes. Each power converter has got its own pulse

amplifier with a pulse fault detection function, one power converter only being in operation.

Each power converter can be controlled by neither of the regulator, ensuring a full redundancy.

A failure on the active power converter will train over a changeover on the standby power

converter with a smooth transfer by pulses overlapping through their pulse amplifier card.

Power converter in trouble is blocked.

UG

IG

IF

Gate driver

Uc signal

AVR / FCR N°1

Valid

AVR / FCR N°2

Valid

Valid

Uc signal

Wo

rld

fip

F8000 –

Red

un

dan

t In

tern

al B

us

Valid

Local Control

Panel

UG

IG

IF

Pulse amplifier




3 REGULATOR HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.1 TYPICAL RACK ARRANGEMENT

Typical AVR Hardware structure.

Maintenance

computer

Worldfip

Mo

db

us

lin

k

Gate driver

331 CPU310

Power

supply

Central

Process

Unit

Central

Process

UnitEther

net Link

Worldfip Measures

Treatmen

t

Analogue

Inputs

Analogue

Outputs

Digital

Inputs

Digital

Ouinputs

8

Digital

outputs

Serial

port

RS485

6

IO Bridge

Distributed IO

within regulator cubicle

Ethernet

link

DC

S

con

nect

ion




3.2 POWER SUPPLY

Feeder redundancy is performed by a double auxiliary source, one from the plant DC battery

and the other from the excitation transformer secondary.

3.3 CENTRAL PROCESS UNIT

The CPU has a Pentium III microprocessor with a 300 MHz clock.

The user program capacity is typically of 10 Megabytes of RAM memory.

3.4 COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIES

The P320 AVR regulator offers wide communication capabilities, through its different port of

communication :

- the Ethernet board used to connect the DCS and the Local Control Panel. The

communication with the DCS is based on a non redundant copper link with Modbus TCP

protocol,

- the central processing unit includes two serial ports, supporting Break-free SNP

slave, Serial Read/Write and Modbus Slave protocol,

possible communication links

- single RS485 copper serial link with Modbus protocol for connection with a DCS,

- redundant RS485 copper serial link with Modbus protocol for connection with a DCS,

- single RS485 optical fibre serial link with Modbus protocol for connection with a DCS,

- redundant RS485 optical fibre serial link with Modbus protocol for connection with a DCS,

- redundant Ethernet copper link with Modbus TCP protocol for connection with a DCS,

- single Ethernet optical fibre link with Modbus TCP protocol for connection with a DCS,

- redundant Ethernet optical fibre link with Modbus TCP protocol for connection with a DCS,

- the Worldfip interface for complete integration into P320 system.

The complete command, maintenance may be achieved through these communication links.




3.5 EXTERNAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS

The P320 AVR offers different type of inputs and outputs (analogue and digital) for logical and

regulation sequences.

For regulation, a dedicated card is performing from the generator measurement the following

calculation :

- the three individual line to line Voltages,

- the three individual line Currents,

- r.m.s. Stator Voltage,

- r.m.s. Stator Current,

- active Power,

- reactive Power,

- PSS2A or 2B corrective term,

- frequency,

- current and voltage status measurement monitoring.

An internal bus (RS485) is used within the excitation cubicle to issue and gather the

main information for control and maintenance of the excitation equipment.

Logic Inputs :

The logic inputs are polarised by the internal 24 Vdc generated in the excitation control

cubicle. They are insulated by optic couplers. Light-emitting diodes indicate the status of each

input.

Four logic inputs are provided for controlling the excitation equipment (Excitation raise and

lower command, unit breaker position).

Logic Outputs :

The logic outputs are potential free. The outputs are isolated for external use with interposing

relays.

Four logic outputs are provided for external indication (Alarm, Trip, …).




3.6 GATE DRIVER

Each regulator has its dedicated gate driver. This module receives the output signal (Uc) sent

by the P320 AVR, elaborates and amplifies the firing pulses for the thyristors.




4 FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE P320 AVR

REGULATOR

The following function are performed

voltage control including Power System Stabiliser (PSS2A or 2B type according IEEE Std 421-5),

current control in manual mode (maintenance, failure modes or specific start-up),

automatic voltage built up with progressive voltage raise (soft start),

excitation current limitations : ceiling limitation, permanent current limitation (fixed or

thermal inverse time),

under excitation limitation as per P-Q diagram,

Volts / Hertz limitation,

supervision of generator measuring voltage for the voltage regulator,

compensation of voltage drops induced by active and reactive currents,

reactive current droop (generators operating in parallel),

calculation of the field winding temperature,

field flashing sequence in case of self excited generator,

local information through a digital control panel connected to the regulator, including

detailed alarms and P-Q diagram display,

excitation logic sequences, (field breaker control, bridge control, start, stop),

communication with another control system through an Ethernet link (Modbus® TCP).

P

Q

- Un²/Xq - Un²/Xd

E

g

X.I

Maximum turbine

power

Minimum field

current

Maximum field

current

A

B

C

D

Qn

Pn




The following functions can be supplied according generator needs:

(Refer to relevant project technical description for the implemented optional functions)

stator current limitation (Two slopes),

Line charging sequence (hydro projects),

reactive Power or Power factor superimposed control,

internal over current protection,

excitation management to save field breaker operation number,

specific motor starting sequences (Static Frequency Converter, Back to back starting),

specific shut down sequences (Electrical braking by short circuit or static frequency

converter),

voltage matching sequence before synchronising,

communication with another control system through a serial SNP link or serial Modbus®

link.




5 COMMISSIONING & MAINTENANCE TOOLS

5.1 LOCAL CONTROL PANEL

The regulator is supplied with a user friendly

defined Local Control Panel (LCP).

This graphical co loured touch screen terminal is

installed in the front door of the excitation cubicle.

The display are available in four languages : English,

French, German and Spanish.

Different levels of access are available :

- display level,

- operator level (Local commands ),

- maintenance level (Local commands and parameters setting).

The Local Control Panel, allows for the main excitation control and display (Field breaker

command and status, AUTO/Manu mode change-over commands and status, Voltage/Reactive

Power/Tan Phi control selection and status, excitation raise or lower commands …).

It also displays the main measured and regulated values.

Gate driver

module




The Local Control Panel may also help in operation of the generator with the dynamic display

of the P-Q diagram :

To help maintenance of the excitation system, following information is available within the

Local Control Panel :

- current alarms. The current faults are also available on Modbus link and Worldfip,

- history of the different alarms,

- maintenance overview with status of different regulators and links.

During commissioning, all the regulator parameters can be configured through the Local

Control Panel.

- A single software (ControCad Loader) fully installed in a PC (Note Book or station) is

recommended for easy maintenance.

After the connection to the AVR, all parameters are accessible for display and setting.




5.2 CONTROCAD LOADER

For easy maintenance, a specific dedicated software named Controcad loader was

developed.

This software performs following functions :

Display and setting of P320 AVR parameters,

Uploading and backup of the parameters.

Dynamic

adjustments

Displays

Parameters

download

and backup

Pulse Generator

Setting

TTM211

Thyristor

Triggering

module

CONTROCAD

lOADER

P320 AVR




on-line Display and Diagnostics,

specific display screens for curves of any internal P320 AVR variable,




disturbance recorder management (option) : up to 6 events containing 9 analogues and 16 logical values can be recorded. The variables to be recorded are chosen by users among internal P320 AVR variable and can be recorded at the regulator cycle time. The disturbance recorder is triggered on its three entries user defined trigger equation or by manual trigger.

Disturbance recorder configuration

Program loading.

Recorded channels

Manual Trigger or Trigger equation




6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Response time :

Response time of the whole system : 20 ms as per IEEE Std 421.2 1990

(including power converter at 50 Hz)

Regulator :

Auxiliary voltage supplies for the regulator itself : 18 to 30 Vdc – 40W

Analogue Inputs : 4-20 mA

Logic Inputs : 24 Vdc

Analogue Outputs : 4-20 mA

Logic Outputs : Potential free contacts

2 Amps, up to 250 V ac/dc

Excitation Power Supply :

Nominal Frequency, fn : 50 to 480 Hz

Frequency transient variation : 125 % fn

DC Output Voltage : up to 1350 V

DC Output Current : up to 8000 A

Frequency measure :

Nominal variable range : +/- 10%

Nominal value, Fn : 50 or 60 Hz

Nominal frequency range : 40 Hz < f < 70 Hz

Accuracy : +/- 0.15 % of the nominal value

+/- 0.1 Hz below 40 Hz

+/- 0.2 Hz above 70 Hz

Frequency measure range : from 5% to 150% Fn




Voltage Measure :

Stator nominal voltage measure, Un : 3 x 100 to 120 Vac

Accuracy : 0.15 % Un in the range 40 … 70 Hz

Validity range : 0 to 150 % Un, up to 90 Hz.

Maximum steady state value : 110 % Un

Maximum repetitive value : 150 % Un

Maximum occasional value : 250 % Un

Current Measure :

Stator nominal current measure, In : 3 x 1 or 5 Amps

Accuracy : 0.15 % Un in the range 40 … 70 Hz

Validity range : 0 to 200 % In, up to 90 Hz.

Maximum steady state value : 110 % In

Maximum occasional value : 500 % In




Certification ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

Quality Assurance in

Design/Development, Production,

Installation and Servicing

ISO9001 Certification by Lloyd’s Register Quality

Assurance

European EMC and Low Voltage

Directives ÁÁÁÁ

CE Mark ÁÁ Certification by Competent Body for EMC Directive for

selected modules

Safety for Industrial Control

Equipment

UL508

C-UL or

CSA22.2,

142-M1987

Certification by Underwriters Laboratories

Certification by Underwriters Laboratories [C-UL1] or Canadian

Standards Association for selected C80–35 module

Safety for Hazardous Locations

Class I, Zone 2, A, B, C, D

UL1604

with C–UL

Certification by Underwriters Laboratories for selected

modules Alspa C80–35

Environment

Environmental

Vibration IEC60068–2–6 1g at 57-150 Hz, 5 microns

(0.012 in) p-p at 10-57 Hz

Shock IEC60068–2–27 15 g, 11 ms

Operating Temperature

0 to 60°C (32 to 140°F) inside P320 cubicle

0 to 45°C (32 to 113°F) outside P320 cubicle

Storage Temperature Á – 40°C to + 85°C (–40°F to +185°F)

Humidity 5 to 95 % non-condensing

Enclosure Protection IEC 529

NEMA 250

Steel cabinet per IP325

NEMA2

EMC Emissions EN50081-2

Radiated, Conducted CISPR 11/EN 55011

CISPR 22/EN 55022

47 CFR 15

Industrial Scientific & Medical Equipment (Group 1, Class A)

Information Technology Equipment (Class A)

referred to as FCC part 15, “Radio Devices” (Class A)

EMC Immunity EN50082-2 (applies to CE Marked modules)

Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000–4–2 8 kV Air, 4 kV Contact (6 kV Contact with FIP Controller)

RF susceptibility EN 61000–4–3 10 Vrms/m, 80 to 1000 MHz, 80% AM

Fast Transient Burst EN 61000–4–4 2 kV : power supplies and FIP Controller, 1kV : I/O and other

communication lines

Damped Oscillatory Wave ANSI/IEEE C37.90a

IEC255–4

Damped Oscillatory Wave 1MHz, rep. Rate 400Hz :

2.5 kV (CM & DM) power supplies,

2.5 kV (CM) I/O (12 V–240 V)

Damped Oscillatory Wave : class II

power supplies, I/O (12 V–240 V)

Voltage Surge EN 61000–4–5 2 kV power supplies ; 1 kV cm (I/O)

2 kV (FIP BIU) (all level for common mode)

Conducted RF EN 61000–4–6 10Vrms, 150 kHz to 80 MHz, 80% AM

Á Isolation

Dielectric Withstand IEC 664

UL508, UL840

1.5 kV for modules rated from 51V to 250 V

Power Supply




Voltage Dips, Variations EN 61000–4–11 During Operation : Dips to 30% and 100% (100ms)

Variation for AC=10%, Variation for DC=20% ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

Documents

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