338216 the Times UK World University Ranking 2005[1]

8/3/2019 338216 the Times UK World University Ranking 2005[1]

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WORLDUNIVERSITYRANKINGS

OCTOBER 28 2005

Aachen RWTH Aarhus University Adelaide University Alabama University Amsterdam University AucklandUniversity Australian National University Basel University Bath University Beijing University Birmingham UniversityBologna University Boston University Bristol University Brown University Brussels Free University (French) California

Institute of Technology Cambridge University Carnegie Mellon University Case Western Reserve UniversityCatholic University of Leuven (Flemish) Catholic University of Leuven (French) Chalmers University of TechnologyChina University of Science and Technology Chinese University of Hong Kong Chulalongkorn University CityUniversity of Hong Kong Colorado University Columbia University Copenhagen University Cornell University CurtinUniversity of Technology Dartmouth College Delft University of Technology Duke University Durham UniversityEcole Normale Supérieure, Lyon Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Ecole Polytech Fédérale de Lausanne EcolePolytechnique Edinburgh University Eindhoven University of Technology Emory UniversityErasmus University Rotterdam ETH Zurich Frankfurt University Free University Berlin Free University ofAmsterdam Fudan University Geneva University George Washington University Georgetown University GeorgiaInstitute of Technology Glasgow University Gothenburg University Göttingen University Harvard UniversityHebrew University of Jerusalem HEC Paris Heidelberg University Helsinki University Helsinki University ofTechnology Hiroshima University Hokkaido University Hong Kong University Hong Kong University of Science andTechnology Humboldt University Berlin IEP Sciences Po, Paris Imperial College London Indian Institutes of

Management Indian Institutes of Technology Innsbruck University Jawaharlal Nehru University Johns HopkinsUniversity King’s College London Kobe University Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KoreaUniversity Kyoto University La Sapienza University, Rome La Trobe University Lausanne University LeedsUniversity Leiden University Liverpool University Lomonosov Moscow State University London School ofEconomics Lund University Sweden Maastricht University Macquarie University Madrid Autonomous UniversityMalaya University Manchester University and Umist Maryland University Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts University Massey University McGill University McMaster University Melbourne University MichiganState University Monash University Munich University Nagoya University Nanjing University Nanyang UniversityNational Autonomous University of Mexico National Taiwan University National University of Singapore New YorkUniversity Newcastle upon Tyne University Nijmegen University North Carolina University Northwestern UniversityNotre Dame University Nottingham University Novosibirsk State University Osaka University Oslo University NorwayOtago University Oxford University Penn State University Pennsylvania UniversityPierre and Marie Curie UniversityPittsburgh University Princeton University Purdue University Queen Mary, University of London QueenslandUniversity Queensland University of Technology Rice University RMIT Universit Rochester University RoyalInstitute of Technology São Paulo University School of Oriental and African Studies Seoul National UniversityShanghai Jiao Tong University Sheffield University Showa University St Andrews University St Gallen UniversityStanford University State University of New York, Stony Brook Strasbourg University Sussex University SydneyUniversity Tasmania University Technical University Berlin Technical University Munich Technical University ofDenmark Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Tel Aviv University Texas A&M University Tohoku UniversityTokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo University Toulouse 1 Trinity College, Dublin Tsing Hua University TuftsUniversity Université de Montréal Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne University College London University ofAlberta University of British Columbia University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los AngelesUniversity of California, San Diego University of California, San Francisco University of California, Santa BarbaraUniversity of Chicago University of Florence University of Illinois University Lois Pasteur Strasbourg University ofMichigan University of Minnesota University of New South Wales University of Newcastle University of South

Australia University of Southern California University of Technology, Sydney University of Texas at Austin Universityof Toronto University of Waterloo University of Western Australia University of Western Ontario University ofWisconsin Madison Uppsala University Utrecht University Vanderbilt University Vienna Technical UniversityVienna University Virginia University Wageningen University Wake Forest University Warwick UniversityWashington University Washington University, St Louis Yale University York University Zurich University

05



A year after The Times Higher

published its first World

University Rankings, fascination with international comparisons

of universities is undiminished.

Readers from every part of the globe pored

over the results, and there has been a lively

debate about how best to assess

universities.

For consistency’s sake, these

rankings follow a similar pattern

to last year’s. But improvements

include a bigger poll of academics,

more complete statistics and the

addition of a survey of global

recruiters, all courtesy of QS

Quacquarelli Symonds.

The presentation of the main table hasalso been altered, both for accessibility and

in response to discussions in a Unesco

expert working group on international

rankings. Each measure is now scored out

of 100 (whatever weighting is applied) so

that universities’ performance on the

different criteria is clearer. And the overall

score has been calculated to just three

significant figures, rather than last year’s

four, to avoid claiming what members of

the group considered “spurious accuracy”.

When the first ranking appeared, we

stressed that the methodology was not

sufficiently precise to separate universities

whose scores were closely bunched. The new approach groups together many universities,

particularly outside the top 50, and more

realistically represents relative strengths.

Critics of peer review queried whether

a ranking so heavily reliant on opinion

sampling would be too volatile from year

to year to be credible. But the results show

encouraging stability. Harvard University

is still well ahead of the pack, and nine of

last year’s top ten remain in that group.

Yet there has been significant movement.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology

is now Harvard’s closest challenger, and

Cambridge University has leapfrogged

Oxford University to take third place. The University of California, Berkeley,

has slipped from second, and ETH Zurich

has dropped out of the top ten.

There have been relatively few dramatic

rises or falls. Duke University,

in North Carolina, is perhaps

the most obvious, jumping to

11th place from outside the top 50.

But its new ranking is more in line

with its position in the domestic

league tables produced by US

News & World Report, which

put it in joint fifth with Stanford

University and MIT. Other big

risers include the Ecole Polytechnique, which enters the top ten from 27th place in

2004, and Bristol University, up more than

40 places to enter the top 50. Six of the top

100 were not in last year’s ranking, and

there are many new entries lower down.

As before, the overall positions disguise

considerable variations among the six

indicators. Even Harvard emerges as the

top university only in the two

opinion surveys. It is second to

the California Institute of

Technology on citations but has

relatively low scores for its staff-to-

student ratio and the proportions

of international staff and students. The new employer survey

correlates well with the academic

peer review, particularly towards

the top of the table. The London School

of Economics (fourth in recruiters’ eyes)

is the only top institution to be much more

popular with employers than with academic

peers. Most leading US universities do well.

The Ecole Polytechnique owes its

spectacular rise partly to the best staffing

level in this year’s survey. This indicator

sees high scores scattered throughout the

ranking. Showa University, in Japan,

in 198th place, and Russia’s Novosibirsk

University (169th) both outperform the topnine in the overall ranking on this measure.

The LSE again has the highest proportion

of international students, with Australian

universities repeating last year’s strong

showing. The City University of Hong Kong

pips the LSE to first place for proportion of

international staff, with ETH Zurich close

behind. The two measures each carry a

weighting of 5 per cent with correspondingly

less influence on the final order.

Similarly, the various disciplines also

throw up different leaders. Academics

see Harvard as pre-eminent in the arts,

medicine and social sciences, but Cambridge

leads in the sciences and MIT in technology.Such variety of outcomes underlines

that universities have different missions

and different strengths that make them

difficult to compare. There is no sign that

a high-ranking university in our table is

better than one more lowly ranked.

However, this exercise focuses on qualities

that should be common to universities that

aspire to be global institutions.

While the debate continues on

methodology, there has been little

argument about the thrust of the

world rankings. They strive to

be current, rather than historical,

and to find proxies for excellencein teaching and research. An

international outlook and a

global reputation among

academics, students and employers are all

important aspects of a university that ranks

among the world elite. Other measures will

no doubt be added in future rankings, but

the original model has proved more robust

than many of its critics predicted. This

second edition is sure to rekindle the debate,

but the search for the world’s leading

universities is surely unstoppable.

‘The newemployersurveycorrelateswell with theacademicpeer review’

‘The originalmodel hasproved to bemore robust

than manyof its criticspredicted’

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS EDITORIAL

2 OCTOBER 28 2005 THE TIMES HIGHER

Determined challengerskeep heat on the eliteFamiliar names fill the top ranks, but our tables, which have been refined to provide even more detail

this year, show that those at the summit cannot afford to rest on their laurels, John O’Leary writes



1 1 Harvard University US 100 100 17 23 21 57 100.02 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology US 84 87 12 41 16 53 86.93 6 Cambridge University UK 96 73 65 34 20 16 85.84 5 Oxford University UK 93 70 58 37 23 15 83.95 7 Stanford University US 78 95 10 30 12 56 83.46 2 University of California, Berkeley US 95 62 7 13 7 39 80.67 8 Yale University US 71 43 52 27 42 19 72.78 4 California Institute of Technology US 48 2 27 41 26 100 71.59 9 Princeton University US 69 32 22 30 20 31 64.8

10 27 Ecole Polytechnique France 37 17 47 36 100 4 61.511= 52 Duke University US 36 79 24 20 66 10 59.1

11= 11 London School of Economics UK 43 86 99 100 20 1 59.113 14 Imperial College London UK 59 15 63 51 34 10 59.014 23 Cornell University US 56 71 11 19 17 23 58.115 17 Beijing University China 71 37 7 4 26 0 56.316 12 Tokyo University Japan 73 2 2 12 19 17 55.117= 20 University of California, San Francisco US 24 0 4 6 91 44 54.917= 13 University of Chicago US 52 47 29 29 27 16 54.919 22 Melbourne University Australia 66 27 53 36 9 7 54.520 19 Columbia University US 56 36 11 32 25 17 53.921 10 ETH Zurich Switzerland 49 7 98 35 37 8 53.522 18 National University of Singapore Singapore 62 12 94 45 8 7 53.023 16 Australian National University Australia 64 8 52 33 13 13 52.924= 30 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris France 38 23 26 23 65 9 51.624= 21 McGill University Canada 52 48 33 31 23 8 51.626 15 University of Texas at Austin US 47 29 9 15 7 54 51.527 25 Johns Hopkins University US 50 14 17 20 21 32 50.228 34 University College London UK 46 19 45 46 30 10 48.429 37 University of Toronto Canada 51 34 40 14 6 22 47.830 48 Edinburgh University UK 48 47 33 28 15 10 47.731 29 Kyoto University Japan 57 2 20 9 28 10 47.5

32 28 Pennsylvania University US 42 41 20 25 28 15 47.333 33 Monash University Australia 55 19 54 49 7 5 46.534 32 Ecole Polytech Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland 22 3 95 65 64 3 45.035 43 Manchester University & Umist UK 43 50 47 23 18 6 44.836 31 University of Michigan US 46 32 17 19 17 15 43.937 26 University of California, Los Angeles US 52 6 2 11 12 24 43.338= 46 University of British Columbia Canada 47 12 63 18 6 17 42.638= 40 Sydney University Australia 53 4 53 31 7 8 42.640 36 University of New South Wales Australia 50 12 53 34 11 4 42.541 39 Hong Kong University Hong Kong 43 19 82 21 17 4 42.042 24 University of California, San Diego US 43 0 3 9 10 43 41.943 42 Hong Kong University Sci & Technol Hong Kong 43 12 93 28 7 11 41.844 38 Carnegie Mellon University US 37 33 34 40 18 10 40.545 47 Heidelberg University Germany 47 12 11 28 14 11 39.646 73 Northwestern University US 28 66 4 20 20 16 39.147 49 Queensland University Australia 46 8 53 24 8 7 38.548 50 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 38 12 95 53 7 2 38.249 91 Bristol University UK 28 63 40 25 13 10 37.250 41 Indian Institutes of Technology India 44 11 1 1 10 20 37.051 84 Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 37 12 73 17 14 6 36.4

52 67 Auckland University New Zealand 45 0 20 25 18 2 35.853 78 Delft University of Technology Netherlands 35 3 55 17 25 3 35.054 75 Boston University US 41 3 10 22 16 10 34.955 99 Munich University Germany 39 24 11 21 11 8 34.856 79 New York University US 36 15 5 18 24 6 34.457 64 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 27 32 19 13 5 31 34.058= 109 Washington University, St Louis US 25 14 6 17 28 22 33.758= 98 Amsterdam University Netherlands 36 14 18 18 12 14 33.758= 35 University of Illinois US 39 16 12 16 11 9 33.761 59 Purdue University US 36 28 25 20 8 8 33.662= 129 Helsinki University Finland 39 15 12 5 16 7 33.462= 61 Tsing Hua University China 42 4 25 10 18 1 33.464 130 Pennsylvania State University US 34 21 2 1 11 21 33.365 94 Vienna University Austria 40 3 26 26 4 14 33.166 63 Copenhagen University Denmark 39 13 20 4 15 5 32.867 68 Macquarie University Australia 34 22 53 42 4 5 32.7

2 0 0 5 R A N K

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THE WORLD’S TOP 200 UNIVERSITIES

I N T ' L S T U D E N T S

S C O R E ( 5 % )

THE TOP 200 WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS

THE TIMES HIGHER OCTOBER 28 2005 3




68 45 Massachusetts University US 38 0 1 12 7 23 32.569 – IEP Sciences Po, Paris France 19 16 25 50 43 – 32.270 83 Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands 20 3 33 7 54 2 32.071 61 Brown University US 27 6 39 19 19 16 31.972 195 Fudan University China 35 26 13 6 17 1 31.373= 96 King’s College London UK 27 17 45 28 17 6 31.173= 86 Rochester University US 24 9 10 24 32 13 31.173= 66 University Wisconsin–Madison US 36 0 0 14 17 11 31.176 – Brussels Free University (French) Belgium 29 3 31 41 20 6 30.977= 93 Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel 36 0 5 13 5 22 30.877= 80 Warwick University UK 30 21 50 37 7 4 30.8

79 92 Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia 42 3 10 7 11 3 30.780= 96 University of Western Australia Australia 29 12 53 29 10 8 30.480= 56 Adelaide University Australia 33 0 53 30 8 8 30.482 55 RMIT University Australia 35 0 53 62 4 1 30.383 128 Durham University UK 24 38 46 22 9 9 30.084 – Indian Institutes of Management India 33 24 2 7 21 – 29.985 – Zurich University Switzerland 22 0 65 22 29 5 29.686 77 Vienna Technical University Austria 33 7 31 32 11 3 29.587 113 University of Technology, Sydney Australia 35 4 53 37 4 1 29.488= – Geneva University Switzerland 12 3 93 57 29 7 29.288= 74 Washington University US 28 0 16 10 14 22 29.288= 57 Pierre and Marie Curie University France 31 0 25 36 15 6 29.288= – Catholic University of Leuven (French) Belgium 32 5 17 26 9 12 29.292 – Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon France 16 0 30 18 39 16 29.193= 154 China University of Sci & Technology China 33 4 6 0 27 1 28.993= 118 Seoul National University South Korea 39 0 3 5 14 4 28.995= – Catholic University of Leuven (Flemish) Belgium 24 10 48 20 23 4 28.895= 195 National Autonomous Univ of Mexico Mexico 33 9 3 1 25 0 28.897 170 Nottingham University UK 22 38 39 30 10 6 28.798 142 La Trobe University Australia 34 0 53 26 6 3 28.6

99 51 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 30 0 6 16 22 10 28.5100 58 Sussex University UK 28 0 44 28 15 7 28.4101= 112 Glasgow University UK 26 27 18 15 13 8 28.3101= 76 Curtin University of Technology Australia 30 0 54 63 4 1 28.3103= 133 Leeds University UK 27 22 30 26 10 6 28.2103= 44 School of Oriental and African Studies UK 20 2 51 74 23 – 28.2105= 118 Virginia University US 24 29 7 11 13 14 28.0105= 95 Technical University Munich Germany 27 12 11 30 16 9 28.0105= 69 Osaka University Japan 28 0 7 8 23 12 28.0108 – Wageningen University Netherlands 16 3 28 47 29 12 27.9109= 137 York University UK 28 5 37 28 12 7 27.8109= 88 Case Western Reserve University US 20 11 4 22 23 19 27.8111 87 Trinity College, Dublin Ireland 31 14 17 21 5 8 27.6112= 125 Humboldt University Berlin Germany 32 0 11 18 16 4 27.4112= 100 Queen Mary, University of London UK 24 3 44 35 18 4 27.4114= 156 Vanderbilt University US 18 12 2 14 32 14 27.2114= 102 National Taiwan University Taiwan 36 0 4 1 15 3 27.2114= 85 Göttingen University Germany 33 0 11 17 12 7 27.2117 138 Dartmouth College US 19 19 15 16 21 15 27.1118 – Queensland University of Technology Australia 34 0 53 21 3 2 27.0

119 151 Liverpool University UK 25 14 35 21 11 8 26.9120 120 Utrecht University Netherlands 27 3 33 5 12 13 26.8121= – Chulalongkorn University Thailand 33 16 11 1 12 0 26.7121= 116 Michigan State University US 31 11 11 12 8 9 26.7121= 71 Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne France 38 0 13 26 4 – 26.7124 180 University of Southern California US 25 12 7 28 17 9 26.6125= 162 La Sapienza University, Rome Italy 39 0 5 5 4 5 26.5125= 105 Texas A&M University US 30 9 14 13 6 13 26.5127= – Basel University Switzerland 12 0 88 28 26 10 26.4127= – University of Newcastle Australia 30 0 53 25 5 5 26.4129 167 Nagoya University Japan 21 0 9 13 35 6 26.3130 103 Bath University UK 18 35 47 34 7 7 26.2131 132 University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg France 24 3 25 35 11 12 26.1132 177 Université de Montréal Canada 25 6 55 11 5 13 26.0133= – Lausanne University Switzerland 17 2 53 26 27 6 25.9133= 134 Maryland University US 22 15 18 16 13 13 25.9

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS THE TOP 200


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133= – HEC Paris France 15 46 77 30 8 – 25.9136= 153 Tohoku University Japan 26 0 7 11 19 11 25.7136= 70 St Andrews University UK 19 11 39 48 13 8 25.7138= 131 Leiden University Netherlands 22 8 25 15 14 14 25.6138= 127 Aarhus University Denmark 27 6 28 7 12 9 25.6138= 101 Oslo University Norway 29 0 25 16 13 5 25.6141 173 Emory University US 16 15 1 12 30 13 25.5142 157 Frankfurt University Germany 33 0 11 17 7 6 25.3143= 160 Korea Advanced Inst of Sci and Tech South Korea 26 0 22 4 7 19 25.2143= 150 Sheffield University UK 21 16 34 27 12 7 25.2143= 126 Birmingham University UK 21 17 36 30 10 8 25.2

143= 117 North Carolina University US 21 14 9 8 13 19 25.2147= – Hiroshima University Japan 26 0 7 8 25 4 25.1147= 65 Georgia Institute of Technology US 27 8 5 28 8 11 25.1149 166 University of Alberta Canada 24 2 52 11 13 7 25.0150= 192 Nanjing University China 34 0 12 5 11 1 24.8150= – St Gallen University Switzerland 2 14 85 59 37 – 24.8150= 146 Rice University US 20 5 14 23 19 14 24.8150= 82 University of Minnesota US 25 3 10 12 8 19 24.8154= – University of South Australia Australia 27 0 53 49 4 1 24.7154= 145 Technical University of Denmark Denmark 23 0 21 24 10 15 24.7154= 60 Technical University Berlin Germany 30 7 11 25 6 5 24.7157= – Hokkaido University Japan 28 0 3 7 16 9 24.5157= 123 Maastricht University Netherlands 16 5 39 44 20 7 24.5159= 186 Bologna University Italy 34 0 7 9 7 3 24.4159= 165 Georgetown University US 19 26 9 17 15 11 24.4159= 143 University of Waterloo Canada 21 11 75 13 9 5 24.4159= 72 University of California, Santa Barbara US 24 0 10 6 6 23 24.4163 107 Colorado University US 23 0 17 7 17 13 24.3164 104 Tufts University US 15 11 13 18 16 22 24.2165 164 Innsbruck University Austria 21 0 44 47 8 9 24.0

166= 161 Tasmania University Australia 24 0 53 29 6 5 23.8166= 110 Chalmers University of Technology Sweden 24 0 18 16 20 4 23.8168 179 Newcastle upon Tyne University UK 17 20 34 32 13 7 23.6169= – Shanghai Jiao Tong University China 25 26 15 5 10 0 23.5169= – Novosibirsk State University Russia 16 0 2 9 45 – 23.5169= 89 Malaya University Malaysia 33 0 12 7 8 1 23.5172= – Free University Berlin Germany 28 0 11 17 9 6 23.3172= – Kobe University Japan 24 5 9 9 21 3 23.3172= 184 Aachen RWTH Germany 25 12 11 24 11 4 23.3175= 136 State Univ of New York, Stony Brook US 24 0 7 15 11 15 23.2175= 90 Alabama University US 18 0 4 7 7 32 23.2177 191 Nijmegen University Netherlands 17 3 38 11 25 5 23.1178 198 City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 19 0 100 9 8 4 22.7179 – Notre Dame University US 18 24 17 14 13 8 22.0180= – Toulouse 1 France 18 0 25 32 26 0 22.5180= 171 Lund University Sweden 24 0 15 16 13 7 22.5180= 140 Uppsala University Sweden 24 0 27 8 7 11 22.5183 159 Madrid Autonomous University Spain 29 0 5 9 9 6 22.2184= – Korea University South Korea 28 0 7 2 15 1 22.1184= 147 McMaster University Canada 18 8 10 16 7 21 22.1

186= – Free University of Amsterdam Netherlands 17 3 32 14 13 13 22.0186= 114 Otago University New Zealand 22 0 31 21 15 3 22.0188= – Tel Aviv University Israel 25 0 1 1 5 18 21.9188= 108 Massey University New Zealand 23 0 62 20 5 2 21.9190 – Gothenburg University Sweden 14 0 27 2 1 37 21.8191 – University of Western Ontario Canada 11 46 28 12 6 13 21.7192 – Jawaharlal Nehru University India 29 0 3 6 10 3 21.5193 – Pittsburgh University US 15 0 23 10 23 11 21.3194= 176 Helsinki University of Technology Finland 22 0 11 11 20 2 21.1194= 158 Technion — Israel Inst of Technology Israel 23 2 7 1 10 12 21.1196= – São Paulo University Brazil 28 0 10 3 8 3 21.0196= 122 Royal Institute of Technology Sweden 19 0 54 22 9 5 21.0198 – Showa University Japan 8 0 7 19 45 3 20.9199= – University of Florence Italy 28 0 6 5 5 6 20.8199= – George Washington University US 22 9 5 14 13 4 20.8199= – Wake Forest University US 12 8 3 6 28 11 20.8


THE TOP 200 WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS


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WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS METHODOLOGY

Today The Times Higher publishes

the World University Rankings

for the second year running. The

aim is the same as it was in 2004:

to offer a consistent and systematic

look at the world’s top universities in the

context of the globalisation of higher

education. But we think that this versionis more robust and reliable than the first.

We have gathered new data on employers’

opinions of universities around the world

(see box on facing page). This has allowed us

to widen the pool of information we present,

but we have gone further and deepened the

pool as well. This year’s tables are virtually

free of gaps in data. And because we have

collected a wealth of data on institutions

outside the top 200, we are confident that no

institution that should be in these tables has

been overlooked. These efforts have resulted

in what we believe is the world’s best guide

to the standing of top universities.

The core of our analysis is peer review, which has long been accepted in academic

life and across social research as the most

reliable means of gauging institutional

quality. The sample used to compile the

peer-review column of this table comprises

2,375 research-active academics. They

were chosen by QS Quacquarelli Symonds,

consultants to The Times Higher and experts

in international rankings of MBA courses.

The selection was weighted so that just

under a third of the academics came from

each of the world’s major economic regions

— Asia, Europe and North America — with

a smaller number from Africa and Latin

America. It also had to yield roughly equalnumbers from the main spheres of academic

life: science, technology, biomedicine, social

sciences and the arts. The selected academics

were asked to name the top universities

in the subject areas and the geographical

regions in which they have expertise.

Data collected in 2005 were supplemented

by opinions from our 2004 survey, where

the same question was asked but no

individual’s opinion was counted twice. We

believe that this two-year rolling average

provides improved statistical reliability.

The information derived from the

responses was used to generate the faculty-

level data on the top institutions for specific

subject areas published in The Times Higher

this month (October 7, 14 and 21 and

summarised on pages 14-15) and was

aggregated to produce the peer-review

column of the main table in this supplement.

We are confident that the sample is large

enough and sufficiently well chosen for its

aggregate opinion to be statistically valid.

The point has been made that peerreviewers might be more likely to cite large

old universities, especially those with the

name of a major city in their titles, than

smaller, less familiar ones. But the peers

are all experts in their fields; and in their

responses they rated as excellent more than

500 universities, some of which were

unknown even to staff of The Times Higher .

The peer-review data account for 40 per

cent of the available score in the World

University Rankings. This is 10 percentage

points lower than in 2004 because of the

addition of data on the opinion of major

international employers of graduates.

Like the other columns we show, and inan improvement on the presentation of the

data in 2004, we have normalised these data

to show the top institution scoring 100.

Two other columns of data in this table

account for 20 per cent each of the final

score for each university listed. One is

the number of citations for academic papers

generated by each staff member. This has

been compiled from staff numbers collected

by QS and citations data supplied by

Evidence Ltd on the basis of data from

Thomson Scientific. The citations data,

which come from Thomson’s Essential

Science Indicators, cover the period between

1995 and 2005. A lower cut-off of 5,000

papers has been applied to eliminate small

specialist institutions. This criterion provides

a clear measure of universities’ research

prowess, but it has some systematic biases.

It disadvantages some institutions, especiallythose in Asia, that publish few papers in

the high-impact journals surveyed.

Teaching is, of course, central to the

university mission. To gauge it, we consider

a classic measure of commitment to

teaching, the staff-to-student ratio, which

is worth up to 20 percentage points. Like

citations per staff member, this measure

depends on accurate staff numbers. We

believe we have improved the accuracy of

the figures we collect. Nevertheless, any

inconsistency is to some extent self-correcting

because exaggerating staff numbers would

increase a university’s staff-to-student ratio

but reduce its citations per staff member. The principal motivation for the World

University Rankings is our realisation that

although scholarship has always been

international, the world of higher education

is becoming one of the most global sectors

of the world economy. The final two

columns of data we show, each accounting

for 5 per cent of the total, attempt to quantify

universities’ international orientation. The

first reflects their percentage of international

staff and the second their percentage of

international students.

Our aim in these tables is to rank large

general universities. We have not counted

institutions that do not teach undergraduates. This removes from the listing a number

of high-prestige institutions, especially in

medicine and business. We have, however,

included universities that teach a broad but

not a full complement of subjects. These

range from the London School of Economics

to a large number of technology universities.

A frequent query about the 2004 rankings

concerned the level of detail they provided.

In general, we have tried to tease apart

large federal universities such as California

or London that consist of many in essence

With its improved accuracy

and the inclusion of even more

information, the second Times

Higher World Rankings is thebest guide to the world’s top

universities, says Martin Ince


Fine-tuning puts picturein much sharper focus



free-standing colleges. But we have not

been able to disaggregate the many US

state universities that boast more than one

campus. Doing so would have complicated

the task too much.

We have managed to remove some

ambiguities that were present last year by

distinguishing between the Flemish-speaking

and Francophone institutions of Belgium and

by providing clearer labelling of the many

universities of Paris and other French cities.

As research on composite tables such

as these has shown, it is important to read

them with care. Although the overall score

tells the full story, a specific column may be

of more interest to a student or researcher

contemplating his or her next move. It would

be wrong to attribute too much weight to the

small differences in overall scores between

universities lower down the rankings.

We welcome your responses to the World

University Rankings and to the faculty-level

analyses that The Times Higher has already

published. In particular, we are interested in

suggestions of other measures of university

quality that could be gathered consistently

from institutions around the world.

METHODOLOGY WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS


Employer opinionThis year’s World University Rankings feature an extra column of data designed to

add another vital dimension by revealing which universities are taken most seriouslyby the world’s top employers of internationally mobile graduates.

The sample of employers was generated by QS from its own extensive knowledge

of graduate recruiters and from universities, which provided names of companies

that are frequent recruiters of their graduates. All the companies involved recruit

either around the world or on a national scale in large countries. They were asked to

identify up to 20 universities whose graduates they prefer to employ most.

The respondents were guaranteed anonymity. They include banks and f inancial

organisations, airlines, manufacturers in areas such as pharmaceuticals and the

automotive industry, consumer goods companies, and firms involved in international

communications and distribution. There were 333 respondents.

AcknowledgmentsThe World University Rankings

were coordinated by Martin Ince([email protected]),

contributing editor of The Times

Higher .

He would like to thank

Nunzio Quacquarelli of QS

(www.qsnetwork.com), Jonathan

Adams of Evidence Ltd

(www.evidence.co.uk) and their

colleagues for their participation

in this project.

Aachen RWTH Aarhus University Adelaide University Alabama University Amsterdam University Auckland University Australian NationalUniversity Basel University Bath University Beijing University Birmingham University Bologna University Boston University BristolUniversity Brown University Brussels Free University (French) California Institute of Technology Cambridge University Carnegie MellonUniversity Case Western Reserve University Catholic University of Leuven (Flemish) Catholic University of Leuven (French) ChalmersUniversity of Technology China University of Science and Technology Chinese University of Hong Kong Chulalongkorn University CityUniversity of Hong Kong Colorado University Columbia University Copenhagen University Cornell University Curtin University ofTechnology Dartmouth College Delft University of Technology Duke University Durham University Ecole Normale Supérieure, LyonEcole Normale Supérieure, Paris Ecole Polytech Fédérale de Lausanne Ecole Polytechnique Edinburgh University EindhovenUniversity of Technology Emory University Erasmus University Rotterdam ETH Zurich Frankfurt University Free University Berlin FreeUniversity of Amsterdam Fudan University Geneva University George Washington University Georgetown University Georgia Instituteof Technology Glasgow University Gothenburg University Göttingen University Harvard University Hebrew University of JerusalemHEC Paris Heidelberg University Helsinki University Helsinki University of Technology Hiroshima University Hokkaido University HongKong University Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Humboldt University Berlin IEP Sciences Po, Paris Imperial CollegeLondon Indian Institutes of Management Indian Institutes of Technology Innsbruck University Jawaharlal Nehru University JohnsHopkins University King’s College London Kobe University Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Korea UniversityKyoto University La Sapienza University, Rome La Trobe University Lausanne University Leeds University Leiden University LiverpoolUniversity Lomonosov Moscow State University London School of Economics Lund University Sweden Maastricht University MacquarieUniversity Madrid Autonomous University Malaya University Manchester University and Umist Maryland University MassachusettsInstitute of Technology Massachusetts University Massey University McGill University McMaster University Melbourne UniversityMichigan State University Monash University Munich University Nagoya University Nanjing University Nanyang University NationalAutonomous University of Mexico National Taiwan University National University of Singapore New York University Newcastle upon

Tyne University Nijmegen University North Carolina University Northwestern University Notre Dame University Nottingham UniversityNovosibirsk State University Osaka University Oslo University Norway Otago University Oxford University Penn State UniversityPennsylvania University Pierre and Marie Curie University Pittsburgh University Princeton University Purdue University Queen Mary,University of London Queensland University Queensland University of Technology Rice University RMIT Universit Rochester UniversityRoyal Institute of Technology São Paulo University School of Oriental and African Studies Seoul National University Shanghai JiaoTong University Sheffield University Showa University St Andrews University St Gallen University Stanford University State Universityof New York, Stony Brook Strasbourg University Sussex University Sydney University Tasmania University Technical University BerlinTechnical University Munich Technical University of Denmark Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Tel Aviv University Texas A&MUniversity Tohoku University Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo University Toulouse 1 Trinity College, Dublin Tsing Hua UniversityTufts University Université de Montréal Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne University College London University of AlbertaUniversity of British Columbia University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San Francisco University of California, Santa Barbara University of Chicago University of Florence University ofIllinois University Lois Pasteur Strasbourg University of Michigan University of Minnesota University of New South Wales University ofNewcastle University of South Australia University of Southern California University of Technology, Sydney University of Texas at AustinUniversity of Toronto University of Waterloo University of Western Australia University University of Western Ontario University ofWisconsin Madison Uppsala University Utrecht University Vanderbilt University Vienna Technical University Vienna University VirginiaUniversity Wageningen University Wake Forest University Warwick University Washington University Washington University, St Louis

Yale University York University Zurich University Aachen RWTH Aarhus University Adelaide University Alabama University Amsterdam13 24 5



Are Europe’s universities better

than North America’s? The tables

displayed here and on page 11

showing the top 50 institutions

in Europe and North America

give one reason for thinking they might be.

The 50th ranked European university in ouranalysis, La Sapienza in Rome, is 125th in the

world, according to our full World University

Rankings. But the 50th position in our North

American table is a tie between Georgetown

University in the US and the University of

Waterloo in Canada, which share 159th

world position.

The contrast is even sharper if Canada

is omitted from the calculations. The 50th

US institution, Notre Dame University, is

179th in the world, behind New Zealand’s

Otago University, which is 50th in our Rest

of the World ranking and 186th overall.

This analysis suggests that it would be

wrong to conclude from the World University

Rankings that the US has all the excellent

institutions. Based on our criteria, Harvard

University is by some distance the best

in the world, and it is one of seven US

universities in our top ten. But lower down,

European institutions assert themselves in

more significant numbers.

These statistical differences may reveal

something more fundamental abouteducational cultures in the two regions.

In the 2004 World University Rankings,

Heidelberg University was the top German

university at position 47, one of 17 German

institutions in the top 200. The German

response was to assert that the main role

of universities was to produce trained

professionals in large numbers for an

advanced economy and that many competent

universities were to be preferred to a few elite

establishments. This year, Heidelberg rises

two places to 45th, but Germany has only

WorldlyEuropeseekscritical

mass forgreaterimpact

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS EUROPE


Cambridge: the cream of Europe

Many European institutions farewell against transatlantic rivals,and a pan-EU research councilcould make them more compet-itive, argues Martin Ince



nine universities in our top 200, making it the

biggest loser among major entrants.

European states have in the main ceded

little ground on education to Brussels.

But there are signs that European higher

education systems are converging in a way

that will affect the region’s rankings in yearsto come. The first factor is general pressure

from Brussels for more research spending

by companies and governments. While the

official plan for the European Union to

devote 3 per cent of its gross domestic product

to research by 2010 is certain to be missed,

research budgets in major EU nations,

including the UK, are on the rise. It is also

likely that the European Commission’s own

research spending will rise in future years.

This suggests that European universities

may begin to redress one area of weakness

apparent from this analysis — their

comparatively low production of highly cited

research. At the moment, the US takes the

top eight places in our count of paper citations

per staff member, with Sweden’s Gothenburg

University the highest placed European

entrant at ninth position.

The incentive to produce more highly

cited papers will also grow once the European

Research Council gets going over the next two

years. It has been designed as a counterweight

to the National Science Foundation in the

US and is intended to

increase the amount of

high-impact cutting-edge

research in Europe

by making researchers

compete for funding

across the EU. This maysound fine to planners

in Brussels, but it is

possible that the ERC’s

policy of concentrating

major sums of money

in a few big projects will

conflict with the preferred way of working in

many continental universities.

The low citations performance of many

European institutions is more than

compensated for by another measure that

might well please Brussels policymakers.

Most European universities are far more

international than their American or Asian

counterparts. While the City University of Hong Kong has the most international staff

of any in the world, the next three places

based on this criterion go to European

institutions. European universities take 11

of the top 20 places on this measure. This

is a competition where Switzerland is clear

world leader, taking six of the first 20 slots.

The same applies to students, where years

of attempts to enhance European student

mobility appear to be bearing fruit. Here

Europe takes the top four positions: the LSE

is the outright winner, with 62 per cent of its

undergraduates and postgraduates coming

from outside the UK. The School of Oriental

and African Studies, also in London, issecond. European institutions take 13 of the

top 20 places in this reckoning. Their only

rivals are in Australia and Singapore. The

most international student body of any US

university is that of the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology, which is ranked 27th.

On our new criterion of recruiter opinion,

European universities cannot shift Harvard

from the top slot. But there are nine European

entries in the top 20, including — in a rare

entry for a Spanish institution — Esade, a

specialist humanities and business university.

EUROPE WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS

1 3 Cambridge University UK

2 4 Oxford University UK

3 10 Ecole Polytechnique France

4 11= London School of Economics UK

5 13 Imperial College London UK

6 21 ETH Zurich Switzerland

7 24= Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris France

8 28 University College London UK

9 30 Edinburgh University UK

10 34 Eco le Po ly tech Féd L ausan ne Swi tzer lan d

11 35 Manchest er Uni vers ity & U mi st UK

12 45 Heidelberg University Germany

13 49 Bristol University UK

14 53 Delft U ni vers ity o f Techn ol ogy Net herl and s

15 55 Munich University Germany

16 57 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands

17 58= Amsterdam University Netherlands

18 62= Helsinki University Finland

19 65 Vienna University Austria

20 66 Copenhagen University Denmark

21 69 IEP Sciences Po, Paris France

22 70 Eindhoven University of Technol Netherlands

23 73= King’s College London UK

24 76 Brussels Free University (French) Belgium25 77= Warwick University UK

26 79 Lomonosov Moscow St ate Un iv Russi a

27 83 Durham University UK

28 85 Zurich University Switzerland

29 86 Vienna Technical University Austria

30= 88= Catholic Univ Leuven (French) Belgium

30= 88= Geneva University Switzerland

30= 88= Pierre and Marie Curie University France

33 92 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon France

34 95= Catholic Univ Leuven (Flemish) Belgium

35 97 Nottingham University UK

36 100 Sussex University UK

37 101= Glasgow University UK

38= 103= Leeds University UK

38= 103= Soas UK

40 105= Technical University Munich Germany

41 108 Wageningen University Netherlands

42 109= York University UK

43 111 Trinity College, Dublin Ireland

44=112= Hu mbold t Universit y Berl in Germa ny

44=112= Queen Mary, Uni v o f L on don UK

46 114= Göttingen University Germany

47 119 Liverpool University UK

48 120 Utrecht University Netherlands

49 121= Univ Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne France

50 125= La Sapienza Univ, Rome Italy

R A N K

W O R L D

R A N K

C O U N

T R Y

N A M E

EUROPE’S TOP 50

UNIVERSITIES


More than 600

years of innovation

and independence

have made

the University

of Heidelberg

Germany’s top

university.

It was founded

in 1386 byRuprecht I and

acted initially

as a centre for

theologians and

law experts from

throughout the

Holy Roman

Empire.

It became a hub

for independent

thinkers and

developed into

a stronghold of

humanism. Its

refusal to submit to a set doctrine

from the Catholic

or Evangelical

churches, and its

ability to balance

religion and

science, ensured a

lasting reputation

as a haven for

open-mindedness.

“International

students account

for about 22 per

cent of our student

body,” says

Angelos Chaniotis,

pro-rector for

international affairs.

The university

currently has

26,000 students

and about 400

professors.Heidelberg’s

modern roots

are firmly in the

sciences but

it retains its

metaphysical

traditions with

large theology

and philosophy

faculties.

Professor

Chaniotis said:

“We have some

of the best science

institutes in Europeon our doorstep,

which makes us

very much research

oriented.”

Clare Chapman

HEIDELBERG

‘MostEuropeanuniversitiesare far moreinternationalthan theirAmericanor Asiancounterparts’



N

orth America’s dominance

of world higher education is

disputed in the lower reaches

of our tables, but it is beyond

question at the upper level. The

US has the world’s top two universities

by our reckoning — Harvard and the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

neighbours on the Charles River — and

seven of the places in our top ten. Only the

UK’s Cambridge and Oxford universities

and France’s Ecole Polytechnique interrupt

US domination of these top places.

Of course, there is more to North America

than the US. In the top 50 are six Canadian

institutions, twice as many as last year.

McGill University, the most highly ranked, is

24th in the world, down from 21st in 2004. Up

eight places each this year are the Universityof Toronto at 29 and the University of British

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS NORTH AMERICA

Stanford University

may be 250 years

younger than its

arch-rival, Harvard

University, but it

prefers to look

forward rather

than back.It is one of

the world’s

leading research

and teaching

institutions and

a pioneer of new

technologies.

“There is no

greater thrill

than advancing

the frontier of

knowledge,” said

John Hennessy, the university’s

president.

Stanford,

which emphasises

collaboration

across disciplines,

has introduced

multidisciplinary

programmes

in bioscience,

international

affairs and

business.In 1951, the

university created

America’s first

high-technology

research park, and

it has spun off an

estimated 1,200

companies. These

include Cisco

Systems, Dolby

Laboratories,

eBay, Hewlett-

Packard, Google,Sun Microsystems

and Yahoo! — all

companies that

Stanford students

and faculty helped

to create.

Its researchers

invented the

laser, the musical

synthesiser, global

positioning

systems and IQ

testing. Theycarried out the

first heart-lung

transplants in the

US, discovered

REM sleep and

developed the

technology that

led to magnetic

resonance

imaging scans.

Jon Marcus

STANFORD

Giants of the USface contendersfrom all cornersThe ability of institutions in Europe and Asia to attract and fundworld-class research teams is cutting into America’s monopoly on

innovation in areas such as bioscience, discovers Martin Ince

C O R B I S




NORTH AMERICA WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS

Columbia at 38. Canada has eight of the top

200 world slots, one more than last year.

The promotion of Cambridge and Oxford

to third and fourth positions in the World

University Rankings and the

improved performance of MIT

have meant a decline in the

relative standing of Berkeley,

the University of California’s

most prestigious campus, set up

in the 19th century as the West

Coast’s answer to Harvard.

This table shows that quality US

universities exist in many settings.

Some, such as Harvard and MIT,

are independent and gain the bulk

of their income from student fees,

research awards and fundraising.

Institutions with this structuretake 13 of the top 15 places.

The other US universities

operating at this level are both part of the

University of California, which is unique

in being the higher level of two state

universities alongside California State

University. The success of this formula is

evident in that five of its campuses appear

in this North American top 50. Lower

down, more orthodox state universities

appear in numbers. These institutions are

systematically less well funded than their

private rivals because they have fewer high-

profile research groups and charge lower

fees than the big-name private universities.But this table does not exhibit the strength

of another key group of US universities, the

elite teaching-only colleges. These charge

fees similar to those at better known private

universities and tend to have a similarly elite

student body. Despite the name, most have

some research-active staff. But they tend

not to produce many cited papers or to have

much of an international profile compared

with universities undertaking more

significant research. By contrast, Berkeley’s

high research profile means that it appears

more prominently in these tables than in US

national tables (such as those published by

US News & World Report) designed to helpstudents choose universities. For the same

reason, Harvard is prominent in such US

tables but dominates them less than it does

the World University Rankings.

At a time when confidence is returning

to the US high-technology sector, these

tables are rich in universities that nourished

the IT revolution and are now getting

involved in the next wave of technological

advance in areas such as robotics and

nanotechnology. Names prominent in

these developments include MIT, Stanford

University, the California Institute of

Technology, the University of Texas and

Carnegie Mellon University, along with

campuses of the University of California.

Many have sizeable war chests

for this phase of expansion, not

least because of donations from

grateful alumni who profited from

previous waves of high technology.

The big-name institutions

monopolised the development

of the microprocessor and all

that came in its wake; but these

rankings show that they will find

it much tougher to keep control

of the next phase of innovation.

The reluctance of the US

Government to support research

in areas close to human life, suchas the use of stem cells, is only

part of the picture. Ingenious US

researchers are already finding ways

around the Bush Administration’s policies.

A more serious threat is the growing ability

of universities such as Cambridge and

Oxford in the UK — and a number of

Asian institutions in Korea, Singapore and

elsewhere — to attract significant research

groups in these areas and fund them at

least as well as the US.

Over the next decade, the same may

start to happen in China and a greater

number of continental universities may

adopt similar tactics. US universities mayhave produced the innovations needed to

foster globalisation, but it does not follow

that they will be the ones to benefit.

‘Theserankingsshow thatbig-nameinstitutionswill find itmuch tougherto keepcontrol ofthe nextmajor phase

of innovation’

Pre-eminent: Harvard University is still tops

C O R B I S


R A N K

W O R L D

R A N K

N A M E

C O U N

T R Y

NORTH AMERICA’S

TOP 50 UNIVERSITIES

1 1 Harvard University US

2 2 Massachusetts Inst Technol US

3 5 Stanford University US

4 6 UC, Berkeley US

5 7 Yale University US

6 8 California Inst of Technology US

7 9 Princeton University US

8 11= Duke University US

9 14 Cornell University US

10= 17= UC, San Francisco US10= 17= University of Chicago US

12 20 Columbia University US

13 24= McGill University Canada

14 26 Universi ty of Texas at Austin US

15 27 Johns Hopkins University US

16 29 University of Toronto Canada

17 32 Pennsylvania University US

18 36 University of Michigan US

19 37 UC, Los Angeles US

20 38= Univ of British Columbia Canada

21 42 UC, San Diego US

22 44 Carnegie Mellon University US

23 46 Northwestern University US

24 54 Boston University US

25 56 New York University US26= 58= University of Illinois US

26= 58= Washington Univ, St Louis US

28 61 Purdue University US

29 64 Pennsylvania State Univ US

30 68 Massachusetts University US

31 71 Brown University US

32= 73= Rochester University US

32= 73= Univ of Wisconsin–Madison US

34 88= Washington University US

35 105= Virginia University US

36 109= Case Western Reserve Univ US

37 114= Vanderbilt University US

38 117 Dartmouth Col lege US

39 121= Michigan State University US

40 124 Univ of Southern California US

41 125= Texas A&M University US

42 132 Université de Montréal Canada

43 133= Maryland University US

44 141 Emory University US

45 143= North Carolina University US

46 147= Georgia Inst o f Technology US

47 149 University of Alberta Canada

48= 1 50= University of Minnesota US

48= 150= Rice University US

50= 159= UC, Santa Barbara US

50= 1 59= Georgetown University US

50= 1 59= University of Waterloo Canada





healthy staff-to-student ratio and being held

in high regard by its global academic peers.

One of the few East Asian institutions

with a notable citations score is Tokyo

University. It is also well liked by its peers

yet it has a surprisingly low profile with

our recruiters considering its reputation for

educating most of Japan’s elite figures. Its

emphasis on supplying politicians, public

servants and lawyers rather than personnel

for the private sector may explain why.

We include many big general universities

in Asia, of which some — such as Korea

and Tokyo — are in effect national

institutions. But the list also includes a

higher proportion of technology and science

universities than we feature from other parts

of the world, starting with the Hong Kong

University of Science and Technology at

position 11 in this table and continuing

with nine other such institutions. Many,

such as Curtin University of Technologyin Australia, recruit many staff and students

internationally.

It is to be expected that such institutions

will gain in standing as Asia becomes a

more significant centre for the development,

design and manufacture of high-technology

products. Their research output and their

importance as suppliers of trained people

are likely to grow.

The Indian Institutes

of Technology are

already regarded as

vital to India’s high-

tech growth around

Bangalore.Our data on leading

institutions for medical

research also indicate

that there are few such

centres of renown in

Asia (page 11). But the

focus on stem-cell research in South Korea,

and on nanotechnology, which has many

medical applications, suggests that this gap

may soon close, pushing Asian institutions

up the world rankings. At present,

universities in smaller states such as

Singapore and Taiwan seem to be making

the running in this area. It remains to be

seen whether Japan and India will catch up. As ever in this part of the world, nobody

knows how China’s international emergence

will pan out. In another decade, it could

be producing a sizeable percentage of the

world’s major innovations and housing a

quarter of its university students. But our

data suggest that caution may be needed

with some of the wilder predictions.

Taiwan, India, South Korea, South

Africa and Mexico contain many more

universities on the brink of entering the

world top 200 than does China.

REST OF THE WORLD WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS

‘The focuson stem-cellresearchin Korea

suggeststhe medicalresearchgap maysoon close’

1 15 Beijing University China

2 16 Tokyo University Japan

3 19 Melbourne University Australia

4 22 Natl Univ Singapore Singapore

5 23 Australian Natl University Australia

6 31 Kyoto University Japan

7 33 Monash University Australia

8 38= Sydney University Australia

9 40 U niv of New Sout h Wales Aust ral ia

10 41 Hong Kong University Hong Kong

11 43 Ho ng Kong Univ Sci & T echno l Hong Kong

12 47 Queensland University Australia

13 48 Nanyang Technol ogical Univ Si ngapore

14 50 Indian Institutes of Technol India

15 51 Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong

16 52 Auckland University New Zealand

17 62= Tsing Hua University China

18 67 Macquarie University Australia

19 72 Fudan University China

20 77= Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Israel

21= 80= Adelaide University Australia

21= 80= Univ of Western Austral ia Austral ia

23 82 RMIT University Australia

24 84 Indian Insts of Management India25 87 Univ o f T ec hn olog y, S yd ne y A ustr al ia

26= 93= China Univ Sci & Technol China

26= 93= Seoul Natl University South Korea

28 95= Natl Auton Univ of Mexico Mexico

29 98 La Trobe University Australia

30 99 Tokyo Inst Technol Japan

31 101= C ur tin Univer si ty o f T ec hno l A ustr al ia

32 105= Osaka University Japan

33 114= Natl Taiwan University Taiwan

34 118 Queens land Uni v of Technol Aus tral ia

35 121= Chulalongkorn University Thailand

36 127= University of Newcastle Austral ia

37 129 Nagoya University Japan

38 136= Tohoku University Japan

39 143= Kor ea Ad v I ns t S ci & Tec hn ol S outh Kore a

40 147= Hiroshima University Japan

41 150= Nanjing University China

42 154= Univ of South Australia Australia

43 157= Hokkaido University Japan

44 166= Tasmania University Australia

45= 169= Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ China

45= 169= Malaya University Malaysia

47 172= Kobe University Japan

48 178 City Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong

49 184= Korea University South Korea

50 186= Otago University New Zealand

N A M E

R A N K

C O U N

T R Y

W O R L D

R A N K

N E W S C O M


network of research-

intensive universities.

Lu Xun, the

godfather of modern

Chinese literature,

is an alumnus, and

Mao Zedong was

a part-time student.

Current academics

include TangXiaoyan, who

recently won the

Vienna Convention

Award for her work

on ozone layer

protection, and Zhai

Zhonghe, a cellular

biologist who was

the first to identify

many important fowl

infections.Michael Delaney

to the forefront

THE REST OF THEWORLD’S TOP 50

UNIVERSITIES



TOP 50 IN BIOMEDICINE

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS REPRISE


1 Cambridge University UK 100 12.92 Oxford University UK 94.6 12.23 University of California, Berkeley US 92.7 16.04 Harvard University US 89.9 20.65 Massachusetts Institute Technol US 87.3 16.66 Princeton University US 80.4 17.77 Stanford University US 79.1 17.38 Tokyo University Japan 74.5 9.29 California Institute of Technology US 72.4 18.0

10 Imperial College London UK 69.5 10.711 Cornell University US 64.3 12.512 ETH Zurich Switzerland 63.1 14.013 Australian National University Australia 61.9 11.714 Beijing University China 60.8 –15 Yale University US 60.1 16.916 Kyoto University Japan 58.5 7.817 University of Chicago US 58.3 16.318 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris France 57 –19 Ecole Polytechnique France 54.5 –20 Pierre and Marie Curie University France 54.2 8.6

21 Lomonosov Moscow State Univ Russia 51.1 –22 Heidelberg University Germany 50.6 11.623 University of California, Los Angeles US 49.3 13.924 University of Toronto Canada 49 11.025= University of California, Santa Barbara US 46.8 17.6

25= University of Texas at Austin US 46.8 11.427 La Sapienza University, Rome Italy 46.7 7.828 Utrecht University Netherlands 46.3 10.529= Munich University Germany 45.9 9.329= University of Illinois US 45.9 11.231 Columbia University US 45.8 15.832 Melbourne University Australia 45 8.533 Göttingen University Germany 44.7 8.634 National University of Singapore Singapore 44.2 5.235 Université Paris-Sud 11 France 43.3 9.936 Indian Institutes of Technology India 43.2 –37 Sydney University Australia 41 7.838 Edinburgh University UK 40.8 12.539 Monash University Australia 40 –40 University of New South Wales Australia 39.7 8.041 University of Michigan US 39.3 12.642 Johns Hopkins University US 39 15.543 University of British Columbia Canada 38.7 10.144 McGill University Canada 38.4 9.845= China University of Sci & Technol China 38.3 –

45= Seoul National University South Korea 38.3 –47 Aarhus University Denmark 36.8 –48 University of California, San Diego US 36.7 15.349 Copenhagen University Denmark 36.5 8.750 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 36.4 –

R A N K

N A M E

C O U N T

R Y

R A N K

N A M E

C O U N

T R Y

R A N K

N A M E

C O U N T

R Y

1 Massachusetts Institute Technol US 100.0 6.02 University of California, Berkeley US 98.7 6.33 Indian Institutes of Technology India 86.4 –4 Stanford University US 84.9 6.85 Imperial College London UK 81.3 4.16 Cambridge University UK 79.4 5.17 California Institute of Technology US 78.0 7.1

8 Tokyo University Japan 76.8 –9 National University of Singapore Singapore 74.1 –10 Beijing University China 68.5 –11 Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 67.2 –12 ETH Zurich Switzerland 67.1 6.613 Oxford University UK 66.0 5.714 Carnegie Mellon University US 65.8 4.915 Delft University of Technology Netherlands 65.6 –16 University of New South Wales Australia 60.4 –17 Tsing Hua University China 60.1 –18 Melbourne University Australia 59.9 4.519 Kyoto University Japan 59.5 –20 Georgia Institute of Technology US 58.7 3.821 Harvard University US 58.3 7.622 Ecole Polytechnique France 58.1 4.223 Hong Kong Univ of Sci & Technol Hong Kong 57.6 3.224 Monash University Australia 57.0 –25 Technion — Israel Institute Technol Israel 56.4 –26 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 56.2 –27 University of Illinois US 54.0 4.928 Aachen RWTH Germany 53.6 3.129 Australian National University Australia 53.5 –30 University of Texas at Austin US 53.4 4.031 University of Toronto Canada 52.4 4.132 Vienna University of Technology Austria 52.1 3.133 Technical University Munich Germany 51.9 3.734 Cornell University US 51.5 6.035 Purdue University US 51.2 4.236= University of California, Los Angeles US 50.6 5.536= Ecole Polytech Féd de Lausanne Switzerland 50.6 5.238 Princeton University US 49.8 7.039 Catholic University of Leuven (French) Belgium 49.6 4.240 Queensland University Australia 48.3 3.241 Manchester University & Umist UK 47.2 3.642= Korea Adv Inst Science & Technol South Korea 46.5 –42= McGill University Canada 46.5 4.144= Massachusetts University US 46.2 4.744= Lomonosov Moscow State Univ Russia 46.2 –44= Technical University Berlin Germany 46.2 –47 University of British Columbia Canada 45.7 –48 Sydney University Australia 45.1 4.149 Auckland University New Zealand 44.7 –50 China University Science & Technol China 44.4 –

TOP 50 IN SCIENCE

R A N K

N A M E

C O U N

T R Y

1 Harvard University US 100.0 28.52 Cambridge University UK 95.8 23.03 Oxford University UK 84.3 23.04 Karolinska University Sweden 83.8 16.35 Stanford University US 81.0 27.26 Imperial College London UK 80.9 14.27 Johns Hopkins University US 77.7 23.6

8 Beijing University China 69.5 –9 University of California, Berkeley US 69.2 26.510 Melbourne University Australia 67.7 12.011 Yale University US 63.9 24.712 Tokyo University Japan 61.5 16.013 Massachusetts Institute Technol US 60.6 40.914 University of California, San Diego US 59.1 25.915 National University Singapore Singapore 58.5 –16 Edinburgh University UK 57.5 17.917 Heidelberg University Germany 56.0 14.118 Sydney University Australia 55.1 –19 University of California, San Francisco US 54.9 25.520 University of Toronto Canada 54.4 17.021 Australian National University Australia 53.4 –22 University College London UK 53.2 18.623 Duke University US 52.1 21.824 McGill University Canada 51.7 18.925 Columbia University US 50.6 22.226 Cornell University US 50.5 20.827 Kyoto University Japan 50.1 16.728 Monash University Australia 48.8 12.129= King’s College London UK 45.0 13.629= Queensland University Australia 45.0 –31 University of British Columbia Canada 44.6 15.932 University of California, Los Angeles US 44.2 19.433 Auckland University New Zealand 43.9 –34 York University UK 43.6 –35 Fudan University China 43.0 –36 Princeton University US 42.7 –37 Hong Kong University Hong Kong 42.1 –38 California Institute of Technology US 41.5 –39 Helsinki University Finland 40.8 15.740 Vienna University Austria 40.5 –41 University of New South Wales Australia 40.4 –42 Baylor College of Medicine US 39.6 21.843 Boston University US 38.7 18.844 Munich University Germany 37.8 13.245 University of Michigan US 37.7 19.546 Humboldt University Berlin Germany 37.5 12.447 Queensland University Technol Australia 37.2 –48= Washington University US 36.5 21.848= Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 36.5 –50= Otago University New Zealand 36.2 –50= Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Hong Kong 36.2 –

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TOP 50 IN TECHNOLOGY



REPRISE WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS

Brand names rule the roost


These tables show the top universities

for each of the principal areas

of academic life. They are based on

the more detailed tables that have been

published in The Times Higher throughout

October.

It is not possible to collect detailed

data on topics such as staff numbers or

international students for each of the five

areas we have analysed here.

Instead, we have listed the top-ranking

universities as named by our expert

peer reviewers. We also list the citationsper paper for each institution in the

respective subject areas.

The peer review data were collected by

QS Quacquarelli Symonds and the citations

by Evidence Ltd, using the Thomson

Scientific Essential Science Indicators data

for 1995 to 2005.

Because of the ESI’s very low coverage

of the arts and humanities, we have not

published citations data for those

disciplines.

The tables suggest that in addition

to being the world’s best university

overall, Harvard University is top in the

arts and humanities, medicine and the

social sciences. In the natural sciencesit comes fourth and in technology a

modest 21st.

These tables suggest that Harvard,

Cambridge, Berkeley, Oxford universities

and other brand-name institutions are

strong across the board. But they also

bring out the capacity of specialist

institutions such as the London School

of Economics, which is second in the

social sciences and ninth in the arts and

humanities, and Sweden’s Karolinska

Institute, fourth in biomedicine.

Perhaps most striking is the broad

strength of Stanford University in

California, best known as the technological

mainstay of Silicon Valley.It is ranked fourth in technology,

seventh in science and fifth in both

biomedicine and the social sciences.

R A N K

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1 Harvard University US 100.02 Oxford University UK 84.73 Cambridge University UK 81.24 University of California, Berkeley US 77.85 Yale University US 77.46 Beijing University China 70.97 Princeton University US 69.2

8 Melbourne University Australia 60.09 London School of Economics UK 58.710 Australian National University Australia 56.711 Columbia University US 56.512 Massachusetts Institute Technol US 53.513 Univ Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne France 52.914 La Sapienza University, Rome Italy 51.615 McGill University Canada 50.916 Tokyo University Japan 50.517 University of Texas at Austin US 50.218= Copenhagen University Denmark 47.718= Kyoto University Japan 47.720 Natl Autonomous Univ of Mexico Mexico 46.921= Queen Mary, University of London UK 46.721= University College London UK 46.723= La Trobe University Australia 45.723= Monash University Australia 45.725= Auckland University New Zealand 45.425= Georgetown University US 45.427= Edinburgh University UK 44.927= Tor Vergata University, Rome Italy 44.929= Helsinki University Finland 44.729= School of African & Oriental Studies UK 44.729= Oslo University Norway 44.729= University of Technology, Sydney Australia 44.733 Chicago University US 44.134= University of British Columbia Canada 43.934= University of Michigan US 43.936= Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel 42.636= Macquarie University Australia 42.636= Sydney University Australia 42.639= Calcutta University India 42.339= Sussex University UK 42.341= University of California, Los Angeles US 41.541= Heidelberg University Germany 41.541= Pennsylvania University US 41.544 Brown University US 40.945= Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 40.145= Malaya University Malaysia 40.145= University of Western Australia Australia 40.148= Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Chile 39.248= Massachusetts University US 39.250 Johns Hopkins University US 38.3

TOP 50 IN ARTS AND HUMANITIES

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1 Harvard University US 100.0 9.42 London School of Economics UK 96.3 4.63 Oxford University UK 88.4 5.34 University California, Berkeley US 85.3 6.95 Stanford University US 80.4 8.56 Yale University US 77.3 7.27 Massachusetts Institute Technol US 73.9 8.9

8 Cambridge University UK 73.5 4.69 Chicago University US 73.0 9.910 Princeton University US 68.9 8.011 Melbourne University Australia 63.6 2.812 Columbia University US 63.3 6.713 National University of Singapore Singapore 63.1 3.014 Tokyo University Japan 61.7 –15 Australian National University Australia 60.5 3.316 Cornell University US 57.1 5.817= Indian Institutes of Management India 56.9 –17= Monash University Australia 56.9 3.119 Sydney University Australia 52.2 4.120 New York University US 50.3 6.121 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 49.2 4.622 University of Pennsylvania US 48.6 7.623 Beijing University China 48.4 –24 University of New South Wales Australia 48.1 3.725 Queensland University Australia 47.2 2.726 University of California, Los Angeles US 47.0 7.627 Catholic University of Leuven (French) Belgium 46.7 3.528 Boston University US 46.1 6.229= McGill University Canada 44.3 4.029= University of Toronto Canada 44.3 4.231 Manchester University & Umist UK 43.2 4.332 Carnegie Mellon University US 43.0 9.433 Hong Kong University Hong Kong 41.8 2.534 University of Michigan US 41.5 7.635 Munich University Germany 41.3 –36 Univ Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne France 41.0 –37 RMIT University Australia 40.7 –38 University College London UK 40.1 5.639 Kyoto University Japan 39.7 –40 Northwestern University US 39.5 8.041 Massachusetts University US 39.4 4.442= Vienna University Austria 39.2 –42= Warwick University UK 39.2 3.644= Amsterdam University Netherlands 38.1 3.944= Bonn University Germany 38.1 –46= Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 37.4 3.446= Chulalongkorn University Thailand 37.4 –46= Macquarie University Australia 37.4 –49 University of British Columbia Canada 37.2 5.050 Copenhagen University Denmark 37.1 –

TOP 50 IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

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338216 the Times UK World University Ranking 2005[1]