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3.5 Food Resources. Food Issues MEDC / LEDC. Food Production and Distribution. Imbalance in food distribution. Over 1 billion people are living in poverty and starving in LEDC countries MEDC Average Caloric Intake = 3314 LEDC Average Caloric Intake = 2666 Causes: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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3.5 Food Resources
Food Issues MEDC / LEDC
Food Production and Distribution
Imbalance in food distribution Over 1 billion people are living in poverty and
starving in LEDC countries MEDC Average Caloric Intake = 3314 LEDC Average Caloric Intake = 2666 Causes:
Unequal distribution Lack of access to clean water Poor harvesting / farming practices
(overgrazing/ overfishing)
Undernourishment worldwide
Food Waste
Terrestrial vs. Aquatic Food Production Systems
VS
Aquatic Food Production Aquatic Food Production:
Food is harvested from high tropic levels due to human preference (ex. salmon).
Photosynthesis is less efficient by producers due to light reflection of water
Terrestrial Food Production Terrestrial Food Production:
Most food harvested from low tropic levels (producers / herbivores)
Energy conversions less efficient on land
Food Production affects the Environment
Biodiversity Soil Water Air Human Health
Increasing food production output GMO- Genetically Modified Organisms
Change genetic make up of living things to make them look, feel, and taste different
Pesticides- chemicals used to kill pest organisms Herbicides- chemicals used to kill weeds Fertilizers- chemicals used to grow larger crops Irrigation- canals used to bring in more water Antibiotics/ Growth Hormones- used to grow
healthier and larger animals
Biodiversity Loss Loss of grasslands forests and wetland for
cultivation Loss of genetic diversity (wild crops replaced with
monocrops)
Soil
Erosion Loss of fertility Salinization Desertification Increase soil pH
Water Waste water produced Aquifer depletion from increased irrigation
Air Large fossil fuel use in farming equipment causes
release of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4)
Pesticide sprays
Human Health Nitrates in Drinking water
Blue baby Pesticides Bacterial contamination of meat
(E. coli)
North American Cereal Farming vs. Asian Subsistence Farming
Comparison Pair #1North American Cereal Farming
Inputs: Fertilizers, pesticides, fossil fuels, labor, sunlight, water equipment
Characteristics: Heavy use of fossil fuels, lots of farming technology, monocrops (only one crop)
Socio- Cultural: Fast production, large amounts, lots of waste
Environmental impact: loss biodiversity
Outputs: Air pollution , water pollution, wheat/corn, lots of income ($$)
Asian Subsistence Farming
Inputs: lots of human labor, water, sunlight
Characteristics: grow only enough to eat to feed family & community, low tech
Socio- Cultural: mostly LEDC, poor
Environmental impact: maintains biodiversity, reduces pollution
Outputs: Usually mixed crops; corn, beans and squash (all in same field)
Intensive Beef Production vs. Maasia Tribal Livestock
Comparison Pair # 2MEDC- Intensive Beef Production
Inputs: Hormones, antibiotics, labor, cattle feed (corn), breeding stock of cattle
Characteristics: Many cattle in crowded area
Socio- Cultural: Fast production, large quantities, lots of waste/death
Environmental impact: disease, waste
Outputs: Air pollution, water pollution, beef, lots of income ($$)
LEDC- Maasai Tribal Livestock
Inputs: Labor, Cattle feed/ grazing grass
Characteristics: large herds of cattle, used as only food source “Nomadic Herding”
Socio- Cultural: Cattle are THE source of life (even used as currency)
Environmental impact: overgrazing, nomadic behavior
Outputs: meat, milk, blood
Salmon Farming in Norway vs. Rice-Fish Farming in Thailand
Comparison Pair # 3Salmon Farming in Norway
Inputs: antibiotics, fish food, cages, labor
Characteristics: fish raised in large quantity
Socio- Cultural: MEDC, employs large number of workers
Environmental impact: growth of algae, water pollution
Outputs: salmon, water pollution
Rice-Fish Farming Thailand
Inputs: labor, seed Characteristics: fish and
rice grown together in same, self sustaining ecosystem (fed by natural food chain)
Socio- Cultural: LEDC countries,
Environmental impact: reduces waste maintains biodiversity
Outputs: rice, fish, income
Slash and Burn/ Shifting Cultivation
Slash and Burn / Shifting Cultivation Input: Labor, plow, oxen, seed Characteristics: Tropical forest set on fire to clear
the land & ash fertilizes soil. After land is used farmers repeat this process
Socio-cultural: Typically harvested food is sold in community, low population density
Environment: Loss of biodiversity, fertility, ecosystem production decreases
Output: Monocrop, air pollution, income
kg grain required to produce1 kg of meat
GMO
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