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Ch 37: Circulatory and Respiratory System
37-1 The Circulatory System-pg.122
A. Functions of the Circulatory System
The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that
flows through them.
1. The circulatory system and respiratory system _______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
B. The Heart
1. The heart is __________________________________________________________________
2. _______________ - thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the
circulatory system.
3. _______________ - a protective sac of tissue that encloses the heart.
4. ________________________ - divides the right side of the heart from the left and prevents the
mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood
Label the following.
- superior vena cava:
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary vein
- pulmonary arteries
- aortic valve
- pulmonary valve
- mitral valve
- tricuspid valve
- septum
- aorta
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Structure of the Heart Function
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
5. The heart has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles.
a. Atrium - _____________________________________________________________.
b. Ventricle - ___________________________________________________________.
6. _____________ - flaps of connective tissue between the atria and the ventricles.
Follow the prompts to identify parts of the human heart.
Color the left atrium orange
Color the left ventricle red
Color the right atrium yellow
Color the right ventricle blue
~ A valve is located between the right atrium and the
right ventricle. That is the role of valves in the heart?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
~ Blood enters from the : _________________________
~ Blood leaves from the : _________________________
C. Circulation Through the Body
1. The heart functions as two separate pumps.
a. _____________________________________________ - one pathway circulates blood
between the heart and the lungs.
i. The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to the lungs where carbon
dioxide is dropped off and oxygen is picked up.
b. _____________________________________________ - second pathway circulates
blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
i. After returning from the lungs, the oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the rest of
the body by the aorta.
Name: Per:
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Draw arrows to show how blood
moves through the circulatory
system.
Color the oxygen-poor vessels blue
Color the oxygen-rich vessels red
~ Is the blood flowing through the
oxygen-poor vessels actually blue?
___________________________
D. Heartbeat
1. Each _______________________________________________________________________.
2. ______________________ - these cells start the wave of muscle contraction through the heart.
3. The impulse spreads from the pacemaker (SA node) to a network of fibers in the atria.
4. The impulse is picked up by a bundle of fibers called the atrioventricular (AV) node and carried
to the network of fibers in the ventricles.
5. When the network in the ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
6. When the ventricles contract, ____________________________________________________.
E. Blood Vessels
As blood flows through the circulatory system, it moves through three types of blood vessels-
arteries, capillaries, and veins.
1. ___________________- large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
a. _________________ - _______________________ (except for the pulmonary arteries)
b. Arteries have ________________________.
c. They contain connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium.
2. ______________________________ - smallest of the blood vessels.
a. Walls are ______________________________________________________________.
b. Bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorb carbon dioxide and other waste
products from them.
3. _____________ - blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
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a. Have ______________________________________________________.
b. The walls contain connective tissue and smooth muscle.
c. Large veins contain ___________________________________________
F. Blood Pressure
1. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries.
2. Blood pressure - ______________________________________________________________
3. Blood pressure keeps blood flowing through the body.
4. Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer.
5. A typical blood pressure for a ___________________________________________________.
G. Diseases of the circulatory system
1. Cardiovascular diseases are among the _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
2. ______________________________ - a condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build
up on the inner walls of the arteries.
3. High blood pressure- a sustained _________________________________________________.
4. If one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked, part of the heart muscle may begin to die from
a lack of oxygen.
a. If enough heart muscle is damaged, a ________________________________ occurs.
b. If a ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
c. Brain cells die and brain function in that region may be lost.=4 to 6 min.
5. Ways of avoiding cardiovascular disease include:
a. __________________________.
b. __________________________.
c. __________________________.
37-2 Blood and Lymphatic System
A. Blood
1. They human body contains _______________________
of blood which is about __ % of the total mass of the
body.
2. Blood
a. Is a type of
_______________________________ that
contains both dissolved substances and
specialized cells.
b. regulates ________________________________.
c. ________________________________________
.
d. Can __________ to repair damaged blood
vessels.
3. ________________________ - a watery fluid that makes up 55% of blood
a. Proteins in plasma help clot blood and fight infections.
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b. Blood Cells Plasma is ___ % ____________ and ___ % dissolved _________________
______________________________________________________________________.
B. Blood Cells
1. Red blood cells (RBC) – ______________________________
a. Have ________________________.
b. Are produced in _________________________________.
c. Most numerous cells in the blood
d. Live for about ______________________.
e. _________________________________ - a protein on a RBC that binds to oxygen and
carries it throughout the body.
2. White blood cells (WBC) – ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
a. Are produced in ____________________________.
b. May live for days, months, or years.
c. Some white blood cells release histamines.
i. Histamines increase _______________________________________________,
producing redness and swelling.
d. There are many types of WBCs
i. ___________________________ - engulf and digest bacteria and other disease-
causing microorganisms.
ii. ___________________________ - make antibodies
1. Antibodies - ________________________________________________
3. Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and platelets.
a. ______________________ - cell fragments that cluster around a wound and release
proteins called clotting factors, leading to a formation of a clot.
b. _____________________ is a genetic disorder that results from a defective protein in
the clotting pathway.
Blood clot formation
When a blood vessel is injured, platelets release
proteins that start a series of chemical reactions.
These reactions lead to the formation of filaments
called fibrin. The fibrin forms a clot that stops the
bleeding.
Color the red blood cells in the diagram red.
Color the platelets blue.
Color the fibrin yellow.
1. In step 2, that is clumped at the site of the
injury? Circle the correct answer.
Platelets Fibrin
2. Why is it important for blood to form clots?
_______________________________________
3. What is the main role of platelets in blood
clotting? ________________________________
________________________________________
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Analyzing Data, p. 954
Although the first successful transfusions of
human blood were carrid out in the 1820s,
many recipients had severe reactions to the
transfused blood, and several died. Today we
know why. We inherit one of four blood
types- A, B, AB, or O- which are determined
by antigens on our blood cells. Antigens are
substances that trigger an immune response.
People with blood type A have A antigens on
their cells, those with blood type B have B
antigens, those with AB blood have both A
and B antigens, and those with type O have neither A nor B antigens.
When blood types match, the transfusion is successful. However, transfusions are successful in some
cases even when the blood types of the donor and the recipient do not match. Use the table to answer
the questions that follow.
1. Which blood type is sometimes referred to as the “universal donor”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which is known as the “universal recipient”?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. In a transfusion involving the A and O blood types, does it make a difference which blood type
belongs to the recipient and which to the donor?
__________________________________________________________________________________
C. The Lymphatic System
A network of vessels, nodes, and organs called the lymphatic system collects the fluid that is lost by
the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system.
1. _______________ - fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue
2. Lymph vessels- carry the lymphatic fluid throughout the body.
a. Lymph vessels ___________________________________________
b. Return excess fluid to the circulatory system via the superior vena cava.
3. Lymph nodes- act as filters and produce certain WBCs that protect body cells.
4. _______________ - a swelling of the tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid can occur
when lymphatic vessels are blocked.
5. Spleen- helps ________________________________________________________________;
also has phagocytes that destroy bacteria
6. __________ - lymphocytes mature in this gland before they can function in the immune system
Name: Per:
Date: Row:
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Color the lymphatic system. Then label the: thymus, spleen,
lymph node and a lymphatic vessel
What happens when large numbers of pathogens are trapped
in lymph nodes?
_________________________________________________
How are the lymphatic and circulatory system related?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Why do people with malaria or sickle cell anemia often have
enlarged spleens?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
37-3 The Respiratory System-pg.128
A. The Human Respiratory System
The basic function preformed by the human respiratory system is remarkably simple- to bring about
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues.
1. __________________ - muscular tube at the end of the throat that connects the mouth with the
rest of the digestive tract and serves as ____________________________________________.
2. Trachea - __________________ ; tube through which air moves
3. Epiglottis- ___________________________________________________________________
4. _________ - small hairs lining the entrance to the nasal cavity that trap dust particles.
5. Mucus - _____________________________________________________________________.
6. _______________________________- contains two highly elastic folds of tissue known as the
__________________.
7. ____________________________________________________- two large passageways in the
chest cavity that lead into one of the lungs.
a. Bronchioles- smaller passageways in the lungs
8. Alveoli/alveolus- ___________________
Label the following parts of the
respiratory system:
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Larynx
Lung
Mouth
Nose
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Pharynx
Trachea
B. Gas Exchange
1. There are __________________________________________________________________,
providing a large surface area for gas exchange
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. Oxygen crosses the thin capillary walls from the alveolus into the blood.
4. Carbon dioxide in the blood crosses in the opposite direction into the alveolus.
Color the areas containing oxygen-poor blood blue
Color the areas containing oxygen-rich blood red
Color the areas in which gas exchange takes place purple
~ What diffuses from red blood cells into the alveoli?
Carbon dioxide Oxygen
~ Where is oxygen more concentrated, in an alveolus or in a
capillary?- CAPILLARY
C. Breathing
1. Breathing- the movement of air into and out of the lungs
2. Diaphragm- located at the bottom of the chest cavity; is a large flat
muscle.
When you breathe in the diaphragm contracts and the ribcage rises up.
Fill out the diagram with the following:
- draw ↑ or ↓ showing if the diaphragm is rising or lowering
- air exhaled
- air inhaled
- rib cage rises
- rib cage lowers
D. How is Breathing Controlled
1. Breathing is controlled by the __________________.
2. The medulla oblongata monitors carbon dioxide in the blood.
3. As ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4. The ___________ the carbon dioxide level, the stronger the impulses.
Name: Per:
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E. Tobacco and the Respiratory System
1. Tobacco smoke contains three dangerous substances that affect the body:
a. _____________________ - a stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure and
paralyze the cilia.
b. ________________________ - poisonous gas that blocks the transport of oxygen by
hemoglobin in the blood and paralyze the cilia.
c. _________ - contains compounds that are known to cause cancer.
d. ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
The most dangerous compounds are tar, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen
cyanide, metals, ammonia, and radioactive compounds.
2. Smoking ____________________________________________________________________.
F. Diseases Caused by Smoking
Smoking can cause such respiratory diseases as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.
1. Chronic bronchitis- ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
2. Emphysema- the ______________________________________________________________.
a. People with emphysema cannot get enough oxygen to the body tissues or rid the body
of excess carbon dioxide.
3. Smoking is a _________________________________________________________________.
4. Lung cancer is ________________________________________________________________.
5. Smoking is also a _____________________________________________________________.
G. Smoking and the Nonsmoker
1. ________________________________________ is damaging to young children because their
lungs are still developing.
2. Studies show that children of smokers are ____________ as likely as children of nonsmokers to
develop respiratory problems.
3. The best way to avoid tobacco-related illness is _____________________________________.
Flowchart
In the following flowchart, enter the steps of inhalation and exhalation listedbelow in the order in which they occur.
Diaphragm relaxes; Volume of the chest cavity expands; Diaphragm contracts; Air fills the lungs; Air rushes out of the lungs; Pressure decreases in the chest cavity
Name Class Date
Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Graphic Organizer
Teaching Resources /Chapter 37 469
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
1. The heart pumps blood into two pathways, called
circulation and circulation.
2. The three basic types of blood vessels are ,
, and .
3. The disorder of the circulatory system that results from fatty deposits
building up within the walls of arteries is called .
4. The straw-colored fluid that makes up 55 percent of human blood is
called .
5. The iron-containing protein that is found in red blood cells and
carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body is called
.
6. White blood cells that “eat” and digest foreign cells are called
.
7. The fluid collected by the lymphatic system is called .
8. The windpipe is also called the .
9. The vocal chords are a part of the .
10. Each lung is connected to the trachea by a(an) .
11. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs in tiny sacs called .
12. The loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs is called .
Labeling Diagrams On the lines provided, label the parts of the heart thatcorrespond to the numbers in the diagram.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
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Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Chapter Vocabulary Review
466 Teaching Resources /Chapter 37
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
16.
to body
from upperbody
17.
13.
14.
15.
Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that bestanswers the question or completes the sentence.
18. What structure serves as a passageway for both airand food?a. pharynx c. larynxb. trachea d. bronchi
19. The largest layer of the walls of the heart is thea. pericardium. c. atrium.b. myocardium. d. ventricle.
20. What prevents blood from flowing backward in bloodvessels?a. valves c. veinsb. capillaries d. pumps
21. What is another name for the sinoatrial node?a. pacesetter c. pacemakerb. aorta d. atherosclerosis
22. Blood clotting is made possible by the action of cellfragments calleda. hemoglobin. c. red blood cells.b. phagocytes. d. platelets.
23. Inside the chest, each bronchus divides into smallerand smaller passageways known asa. bronchi. c. emphysema.b. bronchioles. d. atherosclerosis.
24. The large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavityis called thea. diaphragm. c. bronchus.b. pharynx. d. lung.
25. The stimulant drug found in tobacco is calleda. tar. c. nicotine.b. hemoglobin. d. carbon monoxide.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 37 467
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Artificial Pacemakers
Your heart has a natural pacemaker that initiates a rhythmic heartbeat.This natural pacemaker is made of specialized muscle tissue withcharacteristics of both muscles and nerves. It contracts like a muscle.When it contracts, it also generates electrical impulses, like a nerve. Eachtime the pacemaker contracts, it sends an impulse, a wave of energy,through the heart. This impulse causes the heart to contract.
Some heart diseases can prevent the natural pacemaker in the heartfrom functioning properly. Until 1958, problems with a naturalpacemaker could not be effectively treated. That year, an Americanbiomedical engineer, Wilson Greatbatch, invented an artificialpacemaker. The artificial pacemaker, a small flat disk made of plastic, ispowered by a tiny battery. People whose natural pacemakers do notfunction properly often have an artificial pacemaker inserted.
The artificial pacemaker is implanted in the body, usually in thesubcutaneous fat layer. It is connected to the heart with wires duringsurgery. Just as a natural pacemaker would, the pacemaker sends electricalimpulses to the heart to trigger action. Unlike a natural pacemaker,however, the artificial pacemaker can be controlled and adjusted.
The artificial pacemaker has resolved the breathlessness and inabilityto exercise suffered by many heart patients. Researchers are still workingto improve the device. Older models of pacemakers were sensitive toelectromagnetic devices such as microwave ovens and automatic doors.Exposure to those devices could cause malfunction of the pacemaker.The modern pacemaker is shielded from interference. Someday,pacemakers may be sensitive to body temperature and to increases inoxygen need. They may adjust automatically to changing needs.
Evaluation On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. What does an artificial pacemaker do?
2. What are some shortcomings of modern artificial pacemakers?
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Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Enrichment
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