38251690 Geothermal Energy PPT

7/28/2019 38251690 Geothermal Energy PPT

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NAME- RAHUL SINHA.

CLASS- B.Tech(ME-147)

SECTION-M4901.

ROLL. NO.- B38.

SUBJECT- GENERAL PRESENTATION. SUBMITTED TO- Mr. VISHANT.

TOPICGEOTHERMAL ENERGY


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What is geothermal energy?

Geothermal energy- energy that comes

from the ground; power extracted fromheat stored in the earth

Geo: earth

Thermal: heat
http://geothermal.marin.org/video/vid_pt1.htmlhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpghttp://geothermal.marin.org/video/vid_pt1.html


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Direct

Small scale uses

Heating homes

Hot springs

Greenhouse heating

Food dehydrationplants

Agriculture

Crop drying

Milk pasteurization

Electrical

Dry steam

Flash steam

Binary cycle


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Earths core heat

Water steam drive electrical

generators Turbines

Area specific

Geothermal energy is localized


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Each uses the heat from underground insome manner to generate energy

Different combinations of watertemperatures create different effects

How Geothermal Energy Works
http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/images/ce/geopower1.gifhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.ucsusa.org/assets/images/ce/geopower3.gifhttp://www.ucsusa.org/assets/images/ce/geopower2.gifhttp://www.ucsusa.org/assets/images/ce/geopower1.gifhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ&feature=player_embedded


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Used for bathing in Paleolithictimes

Ancient Romans used it as acentral heating system forbathing and heating homes andfloors

1892: Americas first districtheating system was put intoplace


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11/27Example of a Power Plant in Larderello Today


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1926: a deep geothermal well was usedto heat greenhouses.


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1960: Pacific Gas and Electrichas first successful geothermalelectric power plant in US at The

Geysers Turbine lasted more than 30 years


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To get the steam and water out of the earth, a hole is drilled using adrilling rig. We call this hole a well and it is about 27cm wide andcan go down over 2.5km into the earth. It is very expensive to drill awell and it can cost up to $8 million dollars.

When the well is being drilled, a special drilling mud is used to stopthe well collapsing. A metal pipe is then put in to stop it collapsingwhen the well is in use. Inside this pipe is another pipe called theliner. The steam and water travel up this liner.

At the top of this well is a master valve used to control the flow andthen a pipeline carries the water and the steam to the powerstation.

At the Mighty River Kawerau Power Station there is about 8km of

pipeline. The pipe has to be thick and welded together so it canstand the pressure from the hot steam and water. Bolted on to thepipelines are valves. These are like very big versions of taps we haveat home. They are used to turn off the steam and water or to slow itdown. The pipelines are also covered with insulation to stop theheat escaping and also to stop peoplefrom burning themselves.

The pipes heat up to about 180oC.


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Water is not used so it has to be separated from the steam.

This is done by the separator which sends the water to a re-injectionwell that puts the water back deep into the ground

This means the water can be reheated and used again. The steam

is sent to the power station. The steam is sent to the turbine and as itpasses through the turbine blades, it makes the turbine spin. Theturbine causes the generator to spin and this is what produces theelectricity.

What happens to the steam? Once it comes out of the turbine, itgoes to the condenser. The condensers job is to turn the steamback into water so it can be re-injected back into the ground.Because the condenser needs to cool the steam to turn it back towater, water is used for cooling. The condensed water is then sent tothe cooling tower to cool even more. The water needed for coolingis then used again - recycledand the rest is put back into theground.


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It is renewableIt doesnt cause pollutionOwners of buildings using geothermal have cut 25 to 50 percent off theirutility bills.No cooling towers, rooftop units, or individual room air conditioning unitsare needed, so buildings and schools using geothermal systems lookbetter.Theres no fire hazard and no outside equipment that could potentiallyhurt kidsGeothermal systems are quieter, more reliable, more efficient, and morecompact compared to regular heating and cooling systems.Daniel Boone high school saved $33,000 by using geothermal energy.

Geothermal energy costs dropped from $.10 - .16 per kilowatt hour to$.5 - .8 per kilowatt hour.The earth under our feet stays the same temperature year round,whether its blazing hot in summer or freezing cold in winter. In summerthe earth is cooler than the air, and in winter its warmer. Geothermalheat pumps cleverly put that fact to good use. They use the earth towarm buildings in the winter and keep them cool in the summer. Theywork so well TVA helps Valley businesses and school systems install themin their buildings.


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100% renewable

Earths core is always going to be heated

As long as there is a way to extract the energyfrom the heat, the energy will always beavailable


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Geothermal energy does not

produce any pollution, and

does not contribute to thegreenhouse effect.

The power stations do not take up much room, sothere is not much impact on the environment.

No fuel is needed. Once you've built a geothermal power station, the

energy is almost free.It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this canbe taken from the energy being generated.


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The big problem is that there are not many places

where you can build a geothermal power station.You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depthwhere we can drill down to them.The type of rock above is also important, it must be of

a type that we can easily drill through. Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam",

perhaps for decades.

Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from

underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.


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Remarkabledifference ofenvironmentaleffects compared to

fossil fuels Leaves almost no

footprints

Most hardware usedto extract

geothermal energy isunderground Minimal use of

surface

(http://www.geothermal.nau.edu/about/enviroment.shtmlNorthern ArizonaUniversity. 2009 Oct 27)


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Easy to operate

Open up economy

Much more efficientuse of land

Power Source Land

Requirement

(ac/mW)

Geothermal 1-8

Nuclear 5-10

Coal 19


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Fluids drawn from thedeep earth carry amixture of gases

Pollutants contribute toglobal warming and

acid rain Construction of Plants

can adversely affectland stability

Sources may hold traceamounts of toxic

chemicals/mineraldeposits

Loud Noises Initial start up cost

(expensive)

Operation Noise Level (dBa)

Air drilling 85120

Mud drilling 80

Discharging wells after drilling (to

remove drilling debris)

Up to 120

Well testing 70110

Diesel engines (to operate

compressors and provide

electricity)

4555

Heavy machinery (e.g., for earth

moving during construction)

Up to 90


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Not everyone agrees that geothermal energyis a solution to our energy crisis

Too costly

Noise

Use of fresh water

Land surveying

The technology is not quite there Some people just believe that our fossil fuels

will never run out Dont believe that fossil fuels are finite


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Overall, geothermal appears to be asound solution to energy needs

Geothermal energy has the ability toexpand

Few environmental effects

Very cost efficient Geothermal is RENEWABLE


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ASK.COM

GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION SOCIETY.

GOOGLE.COM

WIKEPEDIA.ORG WWW.GEOHEAT.OIT.EDU

http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htm

http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm

www.worldenergy.org/wec-

geis/publications/reports/ser/geo/geo.asp

http://lsa.colorado.edu/summarystreet/texts/geothermal.htm
http://www.geoheat.oit.edu/http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htmhttp://lsa.colorado.edu/summarystreet/texts/geothermal.htmhttp://lsa.colorado.edu/summarystreet/texts/geothermal.htmhttp://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/fossil.htmhttp://www.geoheat.oit.edu/

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38251690 Geothermal Energy PPT