38824590 Pharmacology

8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology

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PHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY


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DIGOX IN ( LA N OX IN)DIGOX IN ( LA N OX IN)D dig level 2ng/m L or gr eate r is t ox ic

I inhibits s o dium-p o tassium ATP ase

G G I or C NS signs signs indicate adve r seeffects (nausea/an or ex ia f or adult t ox icity,st o mach upset in o lde r child)

O o utput, intake, and weight sh o uld bemo nitor ed


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X d o nt give if pulse is less than 60

beats/min

I indicated f or CHF , at r ial fibr illatio n

N n o te p o tassium, E CG and r enalfunctio n tests


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EP INEPHR INEEP INEPHR INE

N ne r vo usness (undesi r able effect)

A angina, a

rrhythmia (undesi

rable effect)

S suga r is incr eased

C ca r diac a rr est


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A alle r gic r eacti o n

R r espi r ator y - b ro nch o dilator


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N OR EP INEPHR INE (LEVOPH ED)N OR EP INEPHR INE (LEVOPH ED)

S stimulates alpha and beta ad r ene r gicr ecept or s

H hyp o vo lemia sh o uld be c orr ectedbef or e using d r ug

O o utput o f ur ine sh o uld inc r ease


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C c o nst r ictio n o f bloo d vessels

K keep m o nitor ing vital signs eve r y 5 t o1 5 minutes


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NITROGLYC ER INNITROGLYC ER INA av o id alco ho l

N N o te B P and apical pulse bef or eadminist r atio n

G given t o r elax the vascula r smoo th

system

I indicated f or angina pect or is


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N n o te f or po stu r al hypo tensi o n; r iseslo wly

A advice client t o seek medical assistanceif pain is un r elieved afte r 3 do ses with 5minute inte r val


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AC E INH IBITOR SAC E INH IBITOR S

S supp r esses r enin-angi o tensin-aldo ste ro ne system

W wa r n client with r enal or thy ro iddiseases

E ends with pril - capt o pr il (capo ten);enalap r il (vaso tec)


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R r ise slo wly t o r educe or th o statichypo tensi o n

T t r eatment o f hype r tensi o n

E evaluate bl oo d p r essu r e


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BETABETA --A DR ENERG IC BLOC KER SA DR ENERG IC BLOC KER Sy Ends with lol aten o lo l (Ten or min)B b r adyca r dia

B bl oo d p r essu r e is t oo lo w

B b ro nchial c o nst r ictio n

B bl oo d suga r is masked when l o w


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CALC IUM CHA NNE L BLOC KERCALC IUM CHA NNE L BLOC KERy A mlo dipine (N or vasc), Diltiazem ( C ar dizem),

Nifedipine ( Pro car dia)

B bl o cks calcium access t o the cells

I indicated f or hype r tensi o n

L let client take d

rug with meals

ormilk

L - light and m o istu r e - p ro tect


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DIUR ET IC SDIUR ET IC Sy Loo p fu ro semide ( Lasix )

y T hiazides chl oro thiazide (Diu r il)

y Po tassium spa r ing spi ro no lacto ne(A ldact o ne)

y O smo tic mannit o l (O smit ro l)


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D diet; increase p

otassium f

orall e

xceptaldact o ne

I intake, o utput, daily weight m o nitor ing

U undesi r able effects: F& E imbalance

R r eview HR , BP, and elect ro lytes


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E elde r ly car eful; evening d o se n o tr eco mmended

T take with or afte r meals and in AM

I inc r ease r isk o f or th o static hyp o tensi o n;mo ve slo wly

C cancel alc o ho l and ciga r ettes


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WARFAR IN ( CO UMA DIN)WARFAR IN ( CO UMA DIN)y Pro th ro mbin time is m o nitor ed ( 1. 5-2 .5 X

co nt ro l is the the r apeutic r ange)

y Vitamin K is the antid o te

y Gr een leafy vegetables sh o uld be av o ided


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C check vital signs, platelet c o unt, and PT

O o bse r ve f or bleeding

R r eview bleeding p ro to co l

A av o id A SA , may use acetamin o phen


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H EPAR IN SO DIUM H EPAR IN SO DIUM y PTT must be m o nitor ed ( 1. 5-2 .5 X

co nt ro l)

y A ntid o te is p ro tamine sulfate is theantid o te

y Ho spitalizati o n is r equi r ed f or IV H epa r in


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CLOP IDOGR EL (PLA VIX )CLOP IDOGR EL (PLA VIX )B bleeding, b ro nch o spasms undesi r able

effects

L l o we r s r isk o f athe ro scle ro tic events

E evaluate b r uising

E evaluate liver

functio

n

D d o take with f oo d or afte r meals


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HMG HMG CoACoA INH IBITOR SINH IBITOR Sy Co mpetitive inhibit or s o f HMG -CoA

r eductase, an enzyme necessa r y f orcho leste ro l bio synthesis

y Indicated f or hype r cho leste ro lemia

y A tor vastatin ( Lipitor ), Simvastatin (Z o cor )


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S statin is the ending

T take with f oo d and at bedtime

A always c o nsume 2- 3 lite r s o f fluid daily

T teach client t o do ex e r cise and weight

r educti o n as well


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T t r eats hype r cho leste ro lemia

I inc r ease fibe r in diet

N neve r give if with live r disease


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A N T IH ISTAM INESA N T IH ISTAM INESy C eti r izine (Zy r tec); l or atidine ( C lar itine);

diphenhyd r amine (Benad r yl); hydrox yzine(A ta r ax )

A acts by bl o cking histamine r elease atH1 r ecept or s

T take with f oo d


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E educate client n o t t o dr ive or o pe r ate

machine r y if dro wsiness o ccu r s

C Co mm o nly given f or uppe r r espi r ator yaller gic disor de r s and anaphylacticr eacti o ns

L let client eat candy or sugar less gums if

dr y mo uth o ccu r s

E eliminate alc o ho l (C NS dep r essio n)


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A N T IBIOT IC SA N T IBIOT IC SM m o nitor supe r infetio ns

E evaluate r enal/live r functio ns

D dia rr hea take y o gur t

I inf or m p ro vider pr ior to taking o the rmedicati o ns


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C cultu r es p r ior to initial do se

A alc o ho l is o ut, ask ab o ut alle r gy

T take full c o ur se

E evaluate cultu r es, WB C , tempe r atu r e,

bloo

d


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AM INOGLYCO SIDESAM INOGLYCO SIDESy A mikacin ( A mikin); gentamicin

(G ar amycin); Ne o mycin (Ne o bio tcs,M ycif r adin); St r ept o mycin

y Ser io us infecti o ns caused by g r am-negativinfectio ns


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C EPHALO SPOR INSC EPHALO SPOR INS

y 1 st gene r atio n o ften used in clientaller gic to penicillin, gr am p o sitiveor ganisms, cefaz o lin (A ncef)

y 2nd gene r atio n g r am negative,cefu rox ime (Zinacef)


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y 3 r d gene r atio n m o stly gr am negativeor ganisms, ceftazidime ( For taz),ceft r iaxo ne ( Ro cephin)

y 4th gene r atio n g r am-negative and g r am-po sitive, cefepime ( M ax ipime)


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ALLOP UR INOL (ZYLOPR IM )ALLOP UR INOL (ZYLOPR IM )G gulp 1 0-1 2 glasses o f fluid daily; G I

dist r ess (undesi r able effect)

O o utput and input m o nitor clo sely

U u r ic acid p ro ducti o n dec r eased, use n o

alco

ho

l

T take afte r meals


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COLCH IC INECOLCH IC INEA alc o ho l is o ut

C cuts d o wn o n effects o f B1 2 supplements

U undesi r able effects ( o ligur ia, anemia,diarr hea)

T take with f

ood

E e x ace r batio n - g o ut


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PH ENYTO IN (DI LA N T IN)PH ENYTO IN (DI LA N T IN)G gingival hype r plasia

U use alte r nate bi r th c o nt ro l

M m o uth ca r e; p r eventative dental check-up

S s o ft t oo thb r ush, d o nt st o p ab r uptly


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LITH IUMLITH IUM

L level-the r apeutic (0 .6-1. 2mEq/L)

I inc r eased u r inatio n

T thi r st inc r eased

H headache and t r em or s

I inc r ease fluids


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U unsteady

M m o nitor salt

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38824590 Pharmacology