38V, Low-Noise, MOS-Input, Low-Power Op Amp · 2010. 12. 18. · p-p) 10 100 1000 10,000 5 10 15 25 20 30 0 1 rload = 100kΩ large signal-step response max9945 toc18 4μs/div +5v-5v

General DescriptionThe MAX9945 operational amplifier features an excellentcombination of low operating power and low input volt-age noise. In addition, MOS inputs enable the MAX9945to feature low input bias currents and low input currentnoise. The device accepts a wide supply voltage rangefrom 4.75V to 38V and draws a low 400µA quiescent cur-rent. The MAX9945 is unity-gain stable and is capable ofrail-to-rail output voltage swing.

The MAX9945 is ideal for portable medical and industri-al applications that require low noise analog front-endsfor performance applications such as photodiode trans-impedance and chemical sensor interface circuits.

The MAX9945 is available in both an 8-pin µMAX® anda space-saving, 6-pin TDFN package, and is specifiedover the automotive operating temperature range(-40°C to +125°C).

ApplicationsMedical Pulse Oximetry

Photodiode Sensor Interface

Industrial Sensors and Instrumentation

Chemical Sensor Interface

High-Performance Audio Line Out

Active Filters and Signal Processing

Features� +4.75V to +38V Single-Supply Voltage Range

� ±2.4V to ±19V Dual-Supply Voltage Range

� Rail-to-Rail Output Voltage Swing

� 400µA Low Quiescent Current

� 50fA Low Input Bias Current

� 1fA/√√Hz Low Input Current Noise

� 15nV/√√Hz Low Noise

� 3MHz Unity-Gain Bandwidth

� Wide Temperature Range from -40°C to +125°C

� Available in Space-Saving, 6-Pin TDFN Package(3mm x 3mm)

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38V, Low-Noise, MOS-Input,Low-Power Op Amp

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

19-4398; Rev 1; 12/10

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.

Ordering Information

PART TEMP RANGEPIN-PACKAGE

TOPMARK

MAX9945ATT+ -40°C to +125°C 6 TDFN-EP* AUE

MAX9945AUA+ -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX —

+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.

*EP = Exposed pad.

µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

IN-

IN+

OUT

VEE

VCCPHOTODIODE

SIGNALCONDITIONING/

FILTERSADC

MAX9945

Typical Operating Circuit

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2 _______________________________________________________________________________________

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VCC = +15V, VEE = -15V, VIN+ = VIN- = VGND = 0V, ROUT = 100kΩ to GND, TA = -40°C to +125°C, typical values are at TA = +25°C,unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functionaloperation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure toabsolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Supply Voltage (VCC to VEE) ..................................-0.3V to +40VIN+, IN-, OUT Voltage......................(VEE - 0.3V) to (VCC + 0.3V)IN+ to IN- .............................................................................±12VOUT Short Circuit to Ground Duration....................................10sContinuous Input Current into Any Pin .............................±20mAContinuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)

6-Pin TDFN-EP (derate 23.8mW/°C above +70°C)Multilayer Board ....................................................1904.8mW

8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.8mW/°C above +70°C)Multilayer Board ......................................................387.8mW

Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°CJunction Temperature ......................................................+150°CStorage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°CLead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°CSoldering Temperature ....................................................+260°C

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TA = +25°C VEEVCC -1.2

Input Voltage Range VIN+, VIN-Guaranteed byCMRR

TA = TMIN to TMAX VEEVCC -1.4

V

TA = +25°C ±0.6 ±5Input Offset Voltage VOS

TA = TMIN to TMAX ±8mV

Input Offset Voltage Drift VOS - TC 2 µV/°C

-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +25°C 50 150 fA

-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +70°C 12 pA

-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C 55 pAInput Bias Current (Note 3) IB

-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 1.9 nA

VCM = VEE to VCC - 1.2V,TA = +25°C

78 94

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRRVCM = VEE to VCC - 1.4V,TA = TMIN to TMAX

78 94

dB

VEE + 0.3V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.3V,ROUT = 100kΩ to GND

110 130

Open-Loop Gain AOLVEE + 0.75V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.75V,ROUT = 10kΩ to GND

110 130

dB

Output Short-Circuit Current ISC 25 mA

Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial.

PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1)TDFN-EP

Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) ............42°C/WJunction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC) ...................9°C/W

µMAXJunction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) .......206.3°C/WJunction-to-Case Thermal Resistance θJC ...................42°C/W

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_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

ROUT = 10kΩ to GND TA = TMIN to TMAXVEE +0.26

VEE +0.45

Output Voltage Low VOLROUT = 100kΩ toGND

TA = TMIN to TMAXVEE +0.05

VEE +0.15

V

ROUT = 10kΩ to GND TA = TMIN to TMAXVCC -0.45

VCC -0.24

Output Voltage High VOHROUT = 100kΩ toGND

TA = TMIN to TMAXVCC -0.15

VCC -0.03

V

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Input Current-Noise Density IN f = 1kHz 1 fA/√Hz

Input Voltage Noise VNP-P f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 2 µVP-Pf = 100Hz 25

f = 1kHz 16.5Input Voltage-Noise Density VNf = 10kHz 15

nV/√Hz

Gain Bandwidth GBW 3 MHz

Slew Rate SR 2.2 V/µs

Capacitive Loading (Note 4) CLOAD No sustained oscillations 120 pF

Total Harmonic Distortion THDVOUT = 4.5VP-P, AV = 1V/V,f = 10kHz, ROUT = 10kΩ to GND

97 dB

POWER-SUPPLY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Power-Supply Voltage Range VCC - VEE Guaranteed by PSRR, VEE = 0V +4.75 +38 V

Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR VCC - VEE = +4.75V to +38V 82 100 dB

TA = +25°C 400 700Quiescent Supply Current ICC

TA = TMIN to TMAX 850µA

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VCC = +15V, VEE = -15V, VIN+ = VIN- = VGND = 0V, ROUT = 100kΩ to GND, TA = -40°C to +125°C, typical values are at TA = +25°C,unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)

Note 2: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.Note 3: Guaranteed by design. IN+ and IN- are internally connected to the gates of CMOS transistors. CMOS GATE leakage is so

small that it is impractical to test in production. Devices are screened during production testing to eliminate defective units.Note 4: Specified over all temperatures and process variation by circuit simulation.

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4 _______________________________________________________________________________________

Typical Operating Characteristics(VCC = +15V, VEE = -15V, VIN+ = VIN- = VGND = 0V, ROUT = 100kΩ to GND, TA = -40°C to +125°C, typical values are at TA = +25°C,unless otherwise noted.)

QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENTvs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE

MAX

9945

toc0

1

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

SUPP

LY C

URRE

NT (µ

A)

353025201510

300

400

500

600

2005

TA = +125°C

TA = +25°C

TA = -40°C

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING LOWvs. TEMPERATURE

MAX

9945

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2

TEMPERATURE (°C)

V OL -

VEE

(V)

100 120806040200-20

0.10

0.05

0.15

0.20

0.25

0-40

ISINK = 1.0mA

ISINK = 0.1mA

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING HIGHvs. TEMPERATURE

MAX

9945

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3

TEMPERATURE (°C)

V CC

- VOH

(V)

100 120806040200-20

0.10

0.05

0.15

0.20

0.25

0-40

ISOURCE = 1.0mA

ISOURCE = 0.1mA

INPUT BIAS CURRENTvs. TEMPERATURE

MAX

9945

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4

TEMPERATURE (°C)

I BIA

S (p

A)

10080600 20 40-20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-10-40 120

INPUT VOLTAGE0.1Hz TO 10Hz NOISE

MAX9945 toc05

1s/div1µV/div

INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITYvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

INPU

T VO

LTAG

E-NO

ISE

DENS

ITY

(nV/

Hz

)

10,000 100,000100010010

100

1000

101

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTIONvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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FREQUENCY (Hz)

THD

(dB)

100,00010,0001000

-90

-70

-80

-110

-100

100

VCC - VEE = 30V,4.5VP-P, RL = 10kΩ

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISEvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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8

FREQUENCY (Hz)

THD+

N (d

B)

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-100100,00010,000100 100010

VCC - VEE = 30V4.5VP-P RL = 10kΩ

INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGEvs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE

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9945

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COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)

INPU

T OF

FSET

VOL

TAGE

(μV)

1050-10 -5

1000

800

0

600

400

200

-15

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_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5

INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGEvs. TEMPERATURE

MAX

9945

toc1

0

TEMPERATURE (°C)IN

PUT

OFFS

ET V

OLTA

GE (µ

V)100 1208040 60-20 0 20

1000

800

0

600

400

200

-40

VCM = 0V

VCM = VEE

VCM = VCC - 1.2V

OPEN-LOOP GAINvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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FREQUENCY (Hz)

OPEN

-LOO

P GA

IN (d

B)

120

80

-40

40

0

1m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M

COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIOvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

toc1

2

FREQUENCY (Hz)

CMRR

(dB)

1M100k100 1k 10k

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10010 10M

POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIOvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

toc1

3

FREQUENCY (Hz)

PSRR

(dB)

1M100k10k1k10010

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

-1201 10M

UNIPOLARPSRR-

UNIPOLARPSRR+

BIPOLARPSRR

RESISTOR ISOLATIONvs. CAPACITIVE LOAD

MAX

9945

toc1

4

RISO (Ω)

C LOA

D (p

F)

10010

1000

10,000

1001

STABLE

UNSTABLE

Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VCC = +15V, VEE = -15V, VIN+ = VIN- = VGND = 0V, ROUT = 100kΩ to GND, TA = -40°C to +125°C, typical values are at TA = +25°C,unless otherwise noted.)

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6 _______________________________________________________________________________________

Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VCC = +15V, VEE = -15V, VIN+ = VIN- = VGND = 0V, ROUT = 100kΩ to GND, TA = -40°C to +125°C, typical values are at TA = +25°C,unless otherwise noted.)

LARGE SIGNAL-STEP RESPONSEMAX9945 toc19

1μs/div

+1V

-1V

VOUT500mV/div

AV = 1V/VVIN = 2VP-PRL = 10kΩCL = 100pF

SMALL SIGNAL-STEP RESPONSEMAX9945 toc20

2μs/div

+20mV

-20mV

VOUT10mV/div

AV = 1V/VVIN = 40mVP-PRL = 100kΩ

LARGE-SIGNAL RESPONSEvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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7

FREQUENCY (kHz)

OUTP

UT V

OLTA

GE (V

P-P)

10,000100010010

5

10

15

25

20

30

01

RLOAD = 100kΩ

LARGE SIGNAL-STEP RESPONSEMAX9945 toc18

4μs/div

+5V

-5V

VOUT2.5V/div

AV = 1V/VVIN = 10VP-PRL = 10kΩCL = 100pF

OUTPUT IMPEDANCEvs. FREQUENCY

MAX

9945

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6

FREQUENCY (Hz)OU

TPUT

IMPE

DANC

E (Ω

)1M100k10k1k100

0.10

1.00

10.00

100.00

1000.00

0.0110 10M

ACL = 10

ACL = 1

OP-AMP STABILITYvs. CAPACITIVE AND RESISTIVE LOADS

MAX

9945

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PARALLEL LOAD RESISTANCE (kΩ)

PARA

LLEL

LOA

D CA

PACI

TANC

E (p

F)

10,000100 1000

1000

100

10,000

1010

STABLE

UNSTABLE

Detailed DescriptionThe MAX9945 features a combination of low input cur-rent and voltage noise, rail-to-rail output voltage swing,wide supply voltage range, and low-power operation.The MOS inputs on the MAX9945 make it ideal for useas transimpedance amplifiers and high-impedancesensor interface front-ends in medical and industrialapplications. The MAX9945 can interface with smallsignals from either current-sources or high-outputimpedance voltage sources. Applications include pho-todiode pulse oximeters, pH sensors, capacitive pres-sure sensors, chemical analysis equipment, smokedetectors, and humidity sensors.

A high 130dB open-loop gain (typ) and a wide supplyvoltage range, allow high signal-gain implementationsprior to signal conditioning circuitry. Low quiescentsupply current makes the MAX9945 compatible withportable systems and applications that operate undertight power budgets. The combination of excellent THD,low voltage noise, and MOS inputs also make theMAX9945 ideal for use in high-performance active fil-ters for data acquisition systems and audio equipment.

Low-Current, Low-Noise Input StageThe MAX9945 features a MOS-input stage with only50fA (typ) of input bias current and a low 1fA/√Hz (typ)input current-noise density. The low-frequency inputvoltage noise is a low 2µVP-P (typ). The input stageaccepts a wide common-mode range, extending fromthe negative supply, VEE, to within 1.2V of the positivesupply, VCC.

Rail-to-Rail Output StageThe MAX9945 output stage swings to within 50mV (typ)of either power-supply rail with a 100kΩ load and pro-vides a 3MHz GBW with a 2.2V/µs slew rate. Thedevice is unity-gain stable, and unlike other deviceswith a low quiescent current, can drive a 120pF capaci-tive load without compromising stability.

Applications InformationHigh-Impedance Sensor Front Ends

High-impedance sensors can output signals of interestin either current or voltage form. The MAX9945 inter-faces to both current-output sensors such as photo-diodes and potentiostat sensors, and high-impedancevoltage sources such as pH sensors.

For current-output sensors, a transimpedance amplifieris the most noise-efficient method for converting theinput signal to a voltage. High-value feedback resistorsare commonly chosen to create large gains, while feed-back capacitors help stabilize the amplifier by cancel-ing any zeros in the transfer function created by ahighly capacitive sensor or cabling. A combination oflow-current noise and low-voltage noise is important forthese applications. Take care to calibrate out photodi-ode dark current if DC accuracy is important. The highbandwidth and slew rate also allows AC signal pro-cessing in certain medical photodiode sensor applica-tions such as pulse oximetry.

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_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7

Pin DescriptionPIN

TDFN-EP µMAXNAME FUNCTION

1 6 OUT Amplifier Output

2 4 VEENegative Power Supply. Bypass VEE with 0.1µF ceramic and 4.7µF electrolyticcapacitors to quiet ground plane if different from VEE.

3 3 IN+ Noninverting Amplifier Input

4 2 IN- Inverting Amplifier Input

5 1, 5, 8 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected.

6 7 VCCPositive Power Supply. Bypass VCC with 0.1µF ceramic and 4.7µF electrolytic capacitorsto quiet ground plane or VEE.

— — EPExposed Pad (TDFN Only). Connect to VEE externally. Connect to a large copper planeto maximize thermal performance. Not intended as an electrical connection (TDFN only).

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For voltage-output sensors, a noninverting amplifier istypically used to buffer and/or apply a small gain to, theinput voltage signal. Due to the extremely high imped-ance of the sensor output, a low input bias current witha small temperature variation is very important for theseapplications.

Power-Supply DecouplingThe MAX9945 operates from a +4.75V to +38V, VEE ref-erenced power supply. Bypass the power-supplyinputs VCC and VEE to a quiet copper ground plane,with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 4.7µFelectrolytic capacitor, placed close to the leads.

Layout TechniquesA good layout is critical to obtaining high performanceespecially when interfacing with high-impedance sen-sors. Use shielding techniques to guard against para-sitic leakage paths. For transimpedance applications,for example, surround the inverting input, and thetraces connecting to it, with a buffered version of itsown voltage. A convenient source of this voltage is thenoninverting input pin. Pins 1, 5, and 8 on the µMAXpackage are unconnected, and can be connected toan analog common potential, or to the driven guardpotential, to reduce leakage on the inverting input.

A good layout guard rail isolates sensitive nodes, suchas the inverting input of the MAX9945 and the tracesconnecting to it (see Figure 1), from varying or large volt-age differentials that otherwise occur in the rest of thecircuit board. This reduces leakage and noise effects,allowing sensitive measurements to be made accurately.

Take care to also decrease the amount of stray capaci-tance at the op amp’s inputs to improve stability. Toachieve this, minimize trace lengths and resistor leadsby placing external components as close as possible tothe package. If the sensor is inherently capacitive, or isconnected to the amplifier through a long cable, use alow-value feedback capacitor to control high-frequencygain and peaking to stabilize the feedback loop.


8 _______________________________________________________________________________________

1

2

8

7

μMAX

3

4

6

5MAX9945

IN-

IN+

MAX9945

VOUT

+

-

+

Figure 1. Shielding the Inverting Input to Reduce Leakage

MAX9945

IN+

IN-10kΩ

10kΩ

Figure 2. Input Differential Voltage Protection

Input Differential Voltage ProtectionDuring normal op-amp operation, the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the MAX9945 are at approximatelythe same voltage. The ±12V absolute maximum inputdifferential voltage rating offers sufficient protection formost applications. If there is a possibility of exceedingthe input differential voltage specification, in the pres-ence of extremely fast input voltage transients or due tocertain application-specific fault conditions, use exter-nal low-leakage pico-amp diodes and series resistorsto protect the input stage of the amplifier (see Figure 2).The extremely low input bias current of the MAX9945allows a wide range of input series resistors to be used.If low input voltage noise is critical to the application,size the input series resistors appropriately.

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Chip InformationPROCESS: BiCMOS

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10 ______________________________________________________________________________________

1 6OUT VCC

2 5VEE N.C.

3 4IN+ IN-

TDFN

MAX9945OUT

N.C.VEE

1

2

8

7

N.C.

VCCIN-

IN+

N.C.

µMAX

TOP VIEW

3

4

6

5

MAX9945

EP

++

Pin Configurations

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______________________________________________________________________________________ 11

Package InformationFor the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in thepackage code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to thepackage regardless of RoHS status.

PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO.LAND

PATTERN NO.

6 TDFN-EP T633+2 21-0137 90-0058

8 µMAX U8+1 21-0036 90-0092

http://www.maxim-ic.com/packageshttp://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/package_dwgs/21-0137.PDFhttp://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/package_dwgs/21-0036.PDFhttp://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/land_patterns/90-0058.PDFhttp://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/land_patterns/90-0092.PDF

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12 ______________________________________________________________________________________

COMMON DIMENSIONS

SYMBOL MIN. MAX.

A 0.70 0.80

D 2.90 3.10

E 2.90 3.10

A1 0.00 0.05

L 0.20 0.40

PKG. CODE N D2 E2 e JEDEC SPEC b [(N/2)-1] x e

PACKAGE VARIATIONS

0.25 MIN.k

A2 0.20 REF.

2.00 REF0.25±0.050.50 BSC2.30±0.1010T1033-1

2.40 REF0.20±0.05- - - - 0.40 BSC1.70±0.10 2.30±0.1014T1433-1

1.50±0.10 MO229 / WEED-3

0.40 BSC - - - - 0.20±0.05 2.40 REFT1433-2 14 2.30±0.101.70±0.10

T633-2 6 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.95 BSC MO229 / WEEA 0.40±0.05 1.90 REF

T833-2 8 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.65 BSC MO229 / WEEC 0.30±0.05 1.95 REF

T833-3 8 1.50±0.10 2.30±0.10 0.65 BSC MO229 / WEEC 0.30±0.05 1.95 REF

2.30±0.10 MO229 / WEED-3 2.00 REF0.25±0.050.50 BSC1.50±0.1010T1033-2

0.25±0.05 2.00 REF10 0.50 BSC MO229 / WEED-32.30±0.101.50±0.10T1033MK-1

0.40 BSC - - - - 0.20±0.05 2.40 REFT1433-3F 14 2.30±0.101.70±0.10

Package Information (continued)For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in thepackage code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to thepackage regardless of RoHS status.

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______________________________________________________________________________________ 13

α

α

Package Information (continued)For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a "+", "#", or "-" in thepackage code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to thepackage regardless of RoHS status.

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Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses areimplied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

14 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

© 2010 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

Revision History

REVISIONNUMBER

REVISIONDATE

DESCRIPTIONPAGES

CHANGED

0 2/09 Initial release —

1 12/10Updated Input Bias Current spec in the Electrical Characteristics table andupdated Note 3

2, 3

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38V, Low-Noise, MOS-Input, Low-Power Op Amp · 2010. 12. 18. · p-p) 10 100 1000 10,000 5 10 15 25 20 30 0 1 rload = 100kΩ large signal-step response max9945 toc18 4μs/div +5v-5v