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3D Modelling Tools. Week 18 More on materials. Last week. Lecture Lighting 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 27. Lecture Revisit earlier materials Maps Images and textures External tools Procedural Composite Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 21-25. Seminar - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Business and Computing Deanery
3D Modelling Tools
Week 18 More on materials
3D Modelling Tools 2
Last weekLecture Lighting 3DS Max 7 Bible
Chapter 27
3D Modelling Tools 3
This weekLecture Revisit earlier materials Maps
Images and textures External tools
Procedural Composite
Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible
Chapter 21-25
Seminar Lighting portfolio due
(Portfolio 9) Storyboard for Model
B Tutorials
Materials
3D Modelling Tools 4
Previously on materials Materials
Shaders Rendering Colours Shininess Self-illumination
Not textures, or bitmaps or maps
3D Modelling Tools 5
Materials Alll materials affect how light is
reflected from the surface Think about how light and the material
will interact
3D Modelling Tools 6
Material editor Materials
Defined Created Applied
Sample shots Parameters
Shaders Maps
Discreet (2005)
3D Modelling Tools 7
Material types Standard Ray-traced Architectural
Discreet (2005)
3D Modelling Tools 8
Standard material Shaders
Type Colours
Ambient Diffuse Specular
Glossiness Opacity Self-illumination
3D Modelling Tools 9
Ray tracing material Uses Phong, Blinn, Meta, Antisotropic
and Oren-Nayar-Blinn shaders Attempts to physically model a
surface rather than simulating it Rendering takes longer Added features
Luminosity Translucency Fog
Discreet (2005)
3D Modelling Tools 10
Ray tracing Each pixel is
calculated In 3ds max it uses
mental ray renderer Generate reflections
and refractions Ray tracing traces the
path of rays sampled from the light source
Reflections and refractions generated this way are physically accurate 3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 11
Reflections and Radiosity Ray-tracing algorithm takes into
account reflections and radiosity
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 12
Architectural materials Provides the greatest amount of
realism Should use with Phtometric lights
and radiosity Do NOT use with standard lights
High degree of accuracy
When might you use it?Discreet (2005)
3D Modelling Tools 13
Materials and maps Materials describe how an object
reflects or transmits light Within a material, maps can
simulate textures, applied designs, reflections, refractions, and other effects
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 14
2D maps 2D Maps are two-dimensional
images mapped onto the surface of geometric
objects or used as environment maps to create
a background for the scene 2D maps can be generated
procedurally Bitmaps can be used as 2D maps
3D Modelling Tools 15
Diffuse map An image is used
as a diffuse map Applied to the
surface of the object
Overrides the base colour Wood grain Texture of fruit Marble 3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 16
Procedural maps Derived from
mathematical equations Simple or complex Do not degrade when
you zoom into them They are 3D
Marble material goes through an object as if it were solid
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 17
Bitmaps A bitmap is an image
produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels
Use an existing image Make your own
How? An animation or video
file instead of a bitmap
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 18
Using bitmaps The more pixels the bigger the file
size What detail is needed? Will the image be zoomed? What happens if you zoom in too
much? What happens in a game situation if
you have a large file size?
3D Modelling Tools 19
Environment maps Rendering menu >
Environment > Set and animate the
background color Use an image in the
background of the rendered scene
or use texture maps as spherical, cylindrical, or shrink-wrap environments.
Set and animate the ambient light.
3D Modelling Tools 20
Why use bitmaps? Stick a logo on
something Making street
scenes or urban landscapes
Use with billboard Used with avatars
The map is generated by a graphic artist
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 21
Activity Make a model with a base and:
4 spheres 4 boxes 4 cylinders 4 cones sitting on the base
Add procedural maps Add bitmaps Add an environment map
3D Modelling Tools 22
Composite maps Use map channels
Vary from shader to shader
Many common Parent child
relationship
Map channels
Go to parent
3D Modelling Tools 23
Composite – an example What do you
think has been applied? There are 3
maps
3D Modelling Tools 24
Bump map Bump mapping
makes an object appear to have a bumpy or irregular surface
Manipulates the object’s normals Does not affect the
object’s mesh
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 25
Composite effects Bump and bitmap
3D effect Change the
ambient colour Change the
specular colour
3D Modelling Tools 26
Activity Add a bump map to your scene Add a composite map to your scene
3D Modelling Tools 27
Mapping textures Mapping is a method of projecting
pictorial information onto surfaces It is a lot like wrapping a present
with wrapping paper
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 28
UVW co-ordinates Most material maps are a 2D plane
assigned to a 3D surface. The coordinate system used to
describe the placement and transformation of maps
Mapping coordinates use the letters U, V, and W The three letters preceding X, Y, and Z
in the alphabet.
3D Modelling Tools 29
Cropping and Placement You can crop the bitmap
W/H—Adjusts the width and height of the bitmap or crop area
Placing a bitmap lets you scale the map and place it anywhere within its tile U/V—Adjusts the bitmap location
Cropping and placement settings affect the model only, they have no effect on the bitmap file itself Important to check Apply
3D Modelling Tools 30
Tiling Repetition of an
image over a large area
Use less memory Can look too
uniform Can get join
patterns3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 31
Face mapping Ignores any mapping coordinates Need to work with a polygon Conforms the image to the faces
Select the desired face Apply the image
3D Modelling Tools 32
Mapping coordinates Use x, y z coodinates
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 33
Activity To your scene
Apply tiling to a bitmap on a shape Apply cropping to a bitmap on a shape Position an image in your scene
3D Modelling Tools 34
Material libraries Materials used in a model are saved
in the max file
The software comes with libraries of materials
Create your own materials Which can then be saved to a library
for use on another project Make a library from a particular scene
3D Modelling Tools 35
Activity Use the material library to add some
materials
3D Modelling Tools 36
Bitmaps for exported models Exported files do not always take
colours or textures with them This is very important for your project
work Bitmaps can be better, but you need
to collect them With 3ds max use
Utilities > More… > Bitmap/Photometric Paths > Path Editor > Edit Resources
3D Modelling Tools 37
Mapping for real time Unwrap UVW
The Unwrap UVW modifier is used to assign planar maps to sub-object selections
To edit the UVW coordinates of those selections Texture baking
The creation of texture maps based on an object's appearance in the rendered scene
Using complex lighting on a high polygon model The textures are then “baked” into the object
via mapping Use a low polygon model
Displays the textured object rapidly for game engines
3D Modelling Tools 38
Mulitmedia options Ink 'n Paint
Material
3ds max v7
3D Modelling Tools 39
Covered today Revisit earlier materials Maps
Images and textures External tools
Procedural Composite
Working with the library Exporting files
3D Modelling Tools 40
Portfolio 10 A word document with an annotated jpeg showing: Procedural maps Environment map Bitmaps
Tiled Cropped Placed Textured (use Bump channel)
Library materials
3D Modelling Tools 41
Questions You have been asked to model race
track for a game Describe and discuss two methods of
providing a background, recommend one Describe two methods of modelling trees,
evaluate both methods and recommend one
Describe how you would make a realistic checkerboard starting grid
Describe how you would add a logo to a section of a bridge
3D Modelling Tools 42
References 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference
and Tutorials Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7
Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711
Discreet , (2005) 3DS Max 7 Fundamentals and Beyond Courseware, Focal Press, ISBN:0240807391