3G 5 Important Parameter

7/31/2019 3G 5 Important Parameter

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3G 5 important parameter

1. TXPOWER

TXPOWERis the phones transmitter power. We know that power control is guaranteed call quality and

address the CDMA community interference tolerance and one of the key means of mobile phone from

the base station near, uplink quality good, the mobile phone transmitting power is smaller, because at

the base station is able to guarantee the reception of the signal to launch mobile phone and fer also

small and mobile phones transmitting power is smaller to other mobile phones in the community is also

a small interference. So mobile phones transmit power level, reflecting the handsets current uplink loss

and interference. Uplink loss of large, or there is serious interference with the phones transmitter power

will be greatly missed mobile phone transmitting power is smaller. Roadtest, in normal circumstances,

the more closer to the base station or Repeater, the mobile phone transmitting power is reduced, away

from the base station and Repeater, the mobile phone transmitting power increases. If the base station

and Repeater nearby mobile phone transmitting power, obviously it is not normal. Perhaps there is

interference, the uplink can be a base station and Repeater itself. Such as community antenna wrong

receive carrier frequency amplifier circuit problems, etc. If the Repeater nearby, cell phone transmitter

power, it may be a Repeater malfunctions, uplinkgain set too small, and so on. Above you can see, the

road ofTXPOWERlevel reflects the base station coverage area of reverse link quality and uplink

interference levels.

2. RXPOWER

RXPOWERis a mobile phone to receive power. In CDMA, according to my personal understanding,

there are three parameters is very close by, you can almost equivalent to the use of parameters.

Namely RXPOWER, RSSI, Io. RXPOWERis amobile phone to receive power, Io is mobile

phones currently receives all signal strength, RSSI is receives downlink band of total power, as

currently I have access to information, the title explains, but understanding is very similar, is

the phonereceives a total of signal strength. RXPOWERand reflects the current signal

receiving phone, RXPOWERsmall area, the weak positive fall within the coverage

area,RXPOWERplaces belong to the covered area. But the high places, RXPOWERand does not

necessarily signal quality is good, because there may be no signal, leading to frequency, or too many

strong pilot, pilot frequency pollution. Therefore, the analysis ofRXPOWERto EcIo to analysis. Above

you can see, RXPOWERand simply reflects the drive test signal coverage area, rather than the quality

of the signal coverage.

3. EcIo

EcIo reflects the handset in the current received pilot signal level. This is an integrated pilot signal. Why,

because mobile phones are a multi-channel soft switching, which translates into mobile phones often lies

in more than one pilot overlapping coverage area, the level of the phone, EcIo reflects the phone at this

point that a multi-channel pilot signal level of the overall coverage. We know that the Ec is a mobile

phone available pilot signal strength, and Io is the mobile phone receives all the strength of the signal.

Therefore, EcIo reflects the available signal strength in occupies all signals. The higher the value, the

greater the proportion of a useful signal, on the other hand also reversed. At some point EcIo big, there

are two possibilities. First, the Ec is very large, dominant level here, Ec, Io is very small, that is to say
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here is from another base stations messy little pilot signal, EcIo also larger. In the latter case is weak,

because the Ec small, Io is also small, so small, so RSSI also there may be dropped. At some point EcIo

also small, there are two possible, first, the Ec is also small small RSSI, this is the weak coverage area.

The Ec is not small, RSSI, this illustrates the Io is the overall intensity of the signal is not bad. This

situation is often a BSC switch data configuration, no nearby strong pilot signal into the adjacent

community table, so the phone doesnt recognize the strong pilot signal in the vicinity as a jamming

signal processing. On the road, in the case of a typical phenomenon is the phone in a move to maintain

certain RSSI, EcIo level, rapid rise to FERand eventually dropped.

4. TXADJ

TXADJ reflects the up and down-link a balance. Note that this value is calculated from the

measurement, instead. 800M CDMA system is Tx_adjust = 73dB + Tx_power + Rx_power, 1900M

CDMA is Tx_adjust = 76dB + Tx_power + Rx_power.

TXADJ reflects the current location of the mobile uplink and downlink of a more mass. We know that

under normal circumstances, the cell phone away from the base station close to the phones transmitter

power will decrease, and

received power will become larger and far away from the cell phone, mobile phone base station

transmitter power will increase while receiving power gets smaller. Normally, the transmitter power and

receiver power plus a constant fixed values, the result should be a small interval (for example,-10 to +

10). IfTXADJ great, it means that the phones transmitter power, receive the power, then it is obvious

that mobile current downlink of good quality (receiving power), and the poor quality of the uplink

(transmitter power), this time forward link is better than a reverse link. On the contrary, TXADJ is very

small, explains this reverse link well to the forward link. We know that the base station coverage

depends on the reverse link loss level. Therefore, in General, we require the following TXADJ in 0. But

greater than 10, the reverse link forward link than are poor, the situation is not ideal. For TXADJ, nor

can they be said to be as small as possible. But in the actual drive test, we generally encounter, often

TXADJ too high, forward link, reverse link.5. FER

FERis a forward-fer. Forward fer with EcIo also is a comprehensive quality of forward link. Because

when the phone is in the multi-channel soft switching, fer actually multi-channel forward an integrated

signal quality. FER, description of themobile phone of the forward link better, received signal is good,

this time EcIo also should be better. The larger the Description cell phone FER the received signal

strength is poor, EcIo should also at this time. FERis large, it may also be due to a neighboring

community switch parameter configuration error. If you switch between adjacent community with

leakage, single and mobile to mobile, adjacent to the pilot was not recognized, and the pilot does not

recognize, it will become interference signal, resulting in increased FER. In reality, often manifested

in mobile, mobile phones, FERa rapid rise in sharp decline, EcIo, and finally dropped. Above that isclosely followed by EcIo FER. FER reflects the call quality is good or bad, reflects the RoadTest regional

coverage quality level, rather than the signal coverage strength level. In some areas although belonging

to the weak signal coverage area, but relatively clean (messy signals, noise), as well as be good FER.

Note the above parameters, EcIo, RXPOWERis the phone in standby or call have

parameters,TXPOWER, TXADJ, FERis only a phone call and from the only parameter. The above five

parameters, together, to analysis of drive test region to cover the intensity level, the former to override

the quality level, as well as the reverse link loss level, and so on, is the analysis of drive test is the most
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important parameters. In-depth understanding of the five parameters, combined with the overall

situation for drive testing specific analysis, is engaged in network optimization staff in one of the basic

conditions.

HLR vs VLR

Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitors Location Register (VLR) are databases that contain the

mobile subscriber information as per the GSM architecture. In general there is one central HLR per

mobile network operator and one VLR per each Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC) but this can

vary according to the different vendor implementations. Capacity of HLR and VLR can directly affect the

subscriber capacity of the mobile network operator.

HLR

HLR contains entries for each and every subscriber (MSISDN Number) within a mobile network.

MostlyHLRcontains static and permanent information about a subscriber. For an example subscriber

status, service subscriptions (Voice, Data, SMS etc.), supplementary services, permissions etc. Other

than this static information, it has temporary information such as current VLR number and MSC number.

HLR works as the central location to route calls within the respective mobile operators network. Most of

the administrative activities regarding the subscribers are controlled and centralised around the HLR. In

most vendor implementations Authentication Centre (another element in GSM architecture) is integrated

to HLR to provide more efficient and effective mobile network design. In this case HLR contains

authentication information as well.

VLR

VLR is a database that contains part of the data available in the HLR and other dynamic information

about the mobile stations currently roaming in the administrative areas of the associated VLR. Data in

the VLR are more dynamic than the other because of the mobility nature of the mobile stations. When a

mobile station moves from one Location Area to another their information is updated in the VLR, so as to

locate the mobile stations. When a subscriber moves out to new VLRarea then HLR inform the old VLR

to remove the information related to the given subscriber. Interface between HLR and VLR is called as

D-Interface as per the GSM standard which help to share information between nodes. Information about

location such as LAI (Location Area Information), attached status and Temporary Mobile Subscriber

Identity (TMSI) are stored in the VLR. Also some of the authentication information is passed from HLR to

VLR for the authentication requirements.

What is the difference between HLR and VLR?

HLR and VLR have their own functionality within the GSM architecture. There is also

a communication interface between HLR and VLR as per the GSM architecture. Number of

communications take place within HLR and VLR nodes to share their information. For an example when

one subscriber move from one VLR area to another area their locations are updated in the VLR and new

VLR information is updated in the HLR. But if a subscriber moves within the same VLR area no such

interaction with the HLR is needed.
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Both HLR and VLR store the subscriber information as per the GSM architecture to provide mobile

communication services to subscribers registered within the network. In general HLR contains

information about all subscribers within a network while VLR contains more dynamic information

relevant to subscribers roaming within the VLR area. This can vary depending on the network

architecture design because in most cases HLRs act as centralized nodes while VLRs are mostly

geographically diversified nodes. HLR acts as a fixed reference point to a given mobile station

(subscriber) while his VLR can vary depending on the mobility and network design.

Even though both HLR and VLR act as databases within the same mobile network, in most designs VLRs

are assigned limited geographical area to handle all dynamic data about the subscribers within that area

while HLR act as more centralized node that provide more static information about the subscribers

within whole network. HLR handles the subscriber administration activities within the network while VLR

supports the mobility function and other dynamic information about the subscribers

Why Ec/Io is negative?June 3, 2011

Pilot channel power is always less than the total cell power, the ratio of the Pilot power (Ec) to the

total cell power (Io) is always less than one. Thus, when measured in decibels, the value of Ec/Io is

always negative.

Here is the calculation.

Ec = Effect energy

Io = Total energy and noise.

Ec/Io = 10.log[Effect energy / (total energy+noise)] < 10.log(1) = 0

Ec/Io always negative

READ MORE

How does UE camp (synchronize) to a NodeB?June 3, 2011

1. UE uses the primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) for slot alignment (TS

synchronization).

2. After aligning to NodeB time slot, UE then uses secondary synchronization channel (SSCH) to obtain

frame synchronization and scrambling code group identification.

3. UE then uses scrambling code ID to obtain CPICH, thus camping to a NodeB.

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What is Compressed Mode?June 3, 2011
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Compressed mode is a physical layer function that allows the UE to temporarily tune to another

frequency, and measure the RF environment of another UMTS frequency (e.g. IFHO) or another

technology (e.g. IRAT), while maintaining an existing dedicated channel.

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How many time Inner Loop Power Control happens andwhat type of fading it compensates?June 3, 2011

How many time Inner Loop Power Control happens and what type of fading it compensates?

Answer:1500Hz and compensates Fast Fading.

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What do you understand by DRX cycle?June 3, 2011

The UE listens to the PICH only at certain predefined times, reducing power consumption. The periodicity

of these searches is set by the system and the time interval is called Discontinuous Reception (DRX)

cycle.

Different DRX cycles are used for circuit switched and packet switched services in Idle mode. A separate

DRX cycle is also used to page Connected mode UEs in state URA_PCH.

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Explain Timer T3212?June 3, 2011

Periodic LA and RA updating is used to notify the network of the UEs availability, and to avoid

unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that has lost coverage and is not able to inform the CN that it is

inactive.

The periodic LA update procedure is controlled by a timer, called t3212, which gives the time interval

between two consecutive periodic location updates. The value is sent by the WCDMA RAN to UEs on the

BCCH.

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Explain Soft and Softer handover? Give some advantage

and disadvantage for soft handoverJune 3, 2011
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In Soft Handover, the UE connection consists of at least two radio links established with cells belonging

to different RBSs. In Softer handover, the UE connection consists of at least two radio links established

with cells belonging to the same RBS.

It acts as macro diversity since UE is connected to more than one radio link at any given point, adds

redundancy and reduces interference. However there is a tradeoff between soft/softer handover &

system capacity.

A UE involved in Soft/Softer Handover uses several radio links, more DL channelization codes, and more

DL power than a single-link connection.

Consequently, if all the UEs connected to a particular RNC are considered, more resources are needed in

the RBSs, more resources over the Iub and Iur interfaces, and more resources in the RNC. For this

reason, the number of radio links involved in the Soft/Softer handover must be limited.

READ MORE

Define Active Set? Pros and Cons of having a small orlonger Active SetJune 3, 2011

Active Set consists of group of cells that takes part in soft/softer handover & measure by UE.

Typical size of Active set is 3 or 4 & generally a standard practice in all WCDMA networks.

A small active set size may provide more resources available due to less soft/softer handover but at the

expense of handover gain thereby reducing the capacity & link redundancy.

READ MORE

How many slots are there in a WCDMA Frame? How big

is a frame in ms. how many chips are there in a slot?June 3, 2011

WCDMA Frame is 15 slots wide. It is 10ms in length. There are 2560 chips in one slot. Chip rate is 3840

Kc/s

Length of frame = 10 ms

Number of chips in a frame = 3840 *10=38400 chips.

Number of chips in a slot = 38400/15= 2560 chips
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3G 5 Important Parameter