Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
© 3M 2010. All Rights Reserved.© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M™ Glass Bubbles in Drilling Fluids ApplicationsClara Mata, PhD
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Low Density Drilling Fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles
Depleted reservoirsGeologically-fractured formationsPoorly-consolidated formationsHigh-permeability formations
In general, reduction of differential pressure can result in:Higher productivity through increased rate of penetration (ROP)Elimination of differential stickingReduction or elimination of fluid loss/lost circulationReduction of formation damage
Ideal for use near balance, at balance or underbalance drilling applications in:
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Low Density Drilling Fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles
3M™ Glass Bubbles successfully and predictably reduce the density of drilling fluidDrilling fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles are homogeneous, incompressible, stable and allow measurement while drilling (MWD)They provide good borehole stability and excellent hole cleaningThey can survive demanding downholeconditionsThey also help ease the pressure on rig footprint and personnel – always an issue offshore or at remote inland locations
Offer the potential to reduce costs and improve performance
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Low Density Drilling Fluids Options
Fresh WaterOil Base Mud
OilAerated Mud
HGS/Oil BasedFoam with Back-Press
Stable FoamMist
Air, Gas0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fluid Density (ppg)
HGS/Water based
By adding 3MTM Glass Bubbles you can prepare a single phase incompressible drilling fluid with density as low as 5.5 ppg.
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Aerated fluids are compressibleHydraulic calculations complexDrill string vibrationFriction and torque increaseCuttings lift loss efficiencySignal attenuation while drillingMay compromise well stabilityCorrosion issuesFire/explosion issuesCost of technique – SpecializedResources
In spite of the benefits gained by overcoming overbalance conditions, several concerns exist with aerated fluids:
Aerated Fluids Concerns
Compressor/N2 costs Rotating BOP’s
Multiphase separation
Corrosion
VibrationsHydraulic calculation
Cuttings lifting
High torqueDrag
Borehole stability
Fire/Explosions
MWD Transmission
FluidInvasion
Source: Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
An innovative alternative to produce low density drilling fluids by incorporating 3M™ Glass Bubbles into conventional drilling fluids3M™ Glass Bubbles can be added to virtually any type of existing mud systemAllow usage of standard mud handling equipmentCan survive demanding downhole conditions Will not adversely affect the rheology of a fluidCan help lubricate the drillstring and reduce casing wear
Provide an alternative to Aerated Fluids
Low Density Drilling Fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
80%90%18,000HGS18000*80%90%10,000HGS10000*90%90%8,000HGS8000X80%90%6,000HGS600080%90%5,500HGS500080%90%4,000HGS400080%90%3,000HGS300080%90% 2,000HGS2000
Minimum Fractional SurvivalTarget Fractional SurvivalTest Pressure (psi)Product
0.630.630.450.490.410.410.380.35
Maximum
0.570.60HGS18000 0.570.60HGS10000 0.390.42HGS8000X0.430.46HGS60000.350.38HGS5000 0.350.38HGS4000 0.320.35HGS3000 0.290.32HGS2000
MinimumTrue Density (g/cc)TypicalProduct
3M™ Glass Bubbles – Engineered Material
*Per 3M QCM 14.1.8 in glycerol.
Density
Strength
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000pressure, psi
volu
me
surv
ival
, %
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
SG
Survival, %SG
3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS8000X
10–100 micronsSize600°CSoft Temperature
9–10 in waterpH8,000 PSICrush Strength
Mohs scale 5Hardness0.42 g/ccDensity
Soda-lime Borosilicate GlassCompositionSphericalShape
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 10 100particle size, μm
volu
me
frequ
ency
, %
Remain stable in a slurry mixtureEnable a more aggressive solids control process in drilling fluids applications
25 μm
> 90%
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Formulating with 3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS8000XExample
Slurry Density GB Vol % MT for 1000 bbl
8.0 7.1 4.87.5 17.5 11.77.0 27.8 18.66.7 34.0 22.7
Total Volume 1000 bblInitial Density 8.3 ppgTarget Density 7.0 ppg
3M™ HGS8000X Density 0.42 g/cc (within 90%)3.51 ppg
Ingredient Density V/V Volume Weight Weightppg % bbl MT lb
Base Fluid 8.3 72.20 722 114.803M™ HGS8000X 3.51 27.80 278 18.56 40,918
Total 7.0 100.0 1000 133.36
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Guin, AL
Cottage Grove, MN
Naju, Korea
Tilloy, France
Coming Soon Brazil
Global Manufacturing Close to your Drilling Site
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Small Box
Large Box Bulk Bag
Bulk
From our Warehouse to your facilityAvailable in:
Small box (100 lb)Large Box (200-850 lb)Bulk Bags (200-1000lbs)Bulk Liner
Packaging and Transportation
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS Series General Handling
Storage and HandlingMinimum storage conditions are unopened cartons in an unheated warehouse.Carefully re-tie open bags after use.During hot and humid months store in the driest coolest space possible.Diaphragm pumps and Pneumatic conveyor systems have been used successfully to transport 3M™ Glass Bubbles from shipping containers to batch mixing equipment.Static eliminators should be used to prevent static charges.For product Health, Safety and Environmental information, refer to product label and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before using product.
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
3M™ Glass Bubbles are compatible with:
Shakers CyclonesTriplex pumpsCentrifugal pumps
Compatibility with Standard Equipment
Source: Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197
Bentonite
.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000
Glass Spheres
Drilled Solids
SILT FINESAND
COARSESAND
GRAVEL
20
0
10
0
60 20
MESHSo
lids
Per
cen
tage
MICRONS
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Other Solid Control Equipment
Suggested Centrifuge setting when using 3M™ Glass Bubbles
Reduce feed rate to approximately ½ of the conventional rate to prevent overloading of effluent exit ports. Lower the speed of the bowl to approximately 50% of the normal settings to minimize liquid removal from the glass bubble slurry.Two centrifuges may be used in parallel to accommodate for this changes without compromising the efficiency of the overall solids control process.
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197
SPE30500 (1995) Use of Hollow Glass Spheres for Underbalanced Drilling Fluids.
SPE 38637 (1997) Field Application of Lightweight Hollow Glass Sphere Drilling Fluid.
SPE 62899 (2000) Field Application of Glass Bubbles as a Density-Reducing Agent.
SPE 75508 (2002) Field application of Glass Bubbles as a Density Reducing Agent in an Oil Base Drilling Fluid for Marginal / Low-Permeability / Low-Pressure Reservoirs.
OTC 14278 (2002) Aphron Drilling Fluid: Field Lessons From Successful Application in Drilling Depleted Reservoirs in Lake Maracaibo.
SPE108423 (2009) Increasing production by Maximizing Underbalance during Perforation.
SPE/IADC 125702 (2009) Case Study Using Hollow Glass Microspheres to Reduce the Density of Drilling Fluids in the Mumbai High, India and Subsequent Field Trial at GTI Catoosa Test Facility.
SPE/IADC 130326 (2010) Assessment on the Performance of Hollow Glass Microspheres in Low Density Fluids for workover programs in fractured basement reservoirs at the White Tiger Oil Fields, Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam.
K. Munawar et al (2011) Rheological and statistical evaluation of nontraditional lightweight completion fluid and its dependence on temperature, J. of Petroleum Sci. and Eng. 77 27-33
Publications on 3M Glass Bubble use in Drilling Fluids
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Low Density Drilling Fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles
3M™ Glass Bubbles successfully and predictably reduce the density of drillingDrilling fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles are homogeneous, incompressible, stable and allow measurement while drilling (MWD)They provide good borehole stability and excellent hole cleaningThey can survive demanding downholeconditionsThey also help ease the pressure on rig footprint and personnel – always an issue offshore or at remote inland locations
Offer the potential to reduce costs and improve performance
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division
Warranty, Limited Remedy, and Disclaimer: Many factors beyond 3M’s control and uniquely within user’s knowledge and control can affect the use and performance of a 3M product in a particular application. User is solely responsible for evaluating the 3M product and determining whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user’s method of application. Unless a different warranty is specifically stated in the applicable product literature or packaging insert, 3M warrants that each 3M product meets the applicable 3M product specification at the time 3M ships the product. 3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION ARISING OUT OF A COURSE OF DEALING, CUSTOM OR USAGE OF TRADE. If the 3M product does not conform to this warranty, then the sole and exclusive remedy is, at 3M’s option, replacement of the 3M product or refund of the purchase price.
Limitation of Liability: Except where prohibited by law, 3M will not be liable for any loss or damages arising from the 3M product, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential, regardless of the legal theory asserted, including warranty, contract, negligence or strict liability.
Technical Information: Technical information, recommendations, and other statements contained in this document or provided by 3M personnel are based on tests or experience that 3M believes are reliable, but the accuracy or completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Such information is intended for persons with knowledge and technical skills sufficient to assess and apply their own informed judgment to the information. No license under any 3M or third party intellectual property rights is granted or implied with this information.
3M is a trademark of 3M Company
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.