3rd generation Systems

8/19/2019 3rd generation Systems

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Th ird Generat ion (3G) Mob i leCommun icat ions Sys tems

Dr. Vijay K. GargBell Labs, Lucent Technologies Inc., Naperville, IL., USA

e-mail: [email protected]



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 2

Contents

❐ Introduction

❐ North American UWC IS-136 HS

❐ European 3G Systems

❐ North American cdma2000❐ Research Needs




AMPSIS-95A

IS-95B/

ANSI 95cdma2000

Wireless Network Evolution

Second Generation

Advanced Wireless

Voice Services

Advanced Wireless

Data Services

Digital Cellular

Technology

Microcellular &

Picocellular Technologies

Intelligent Base

Station Technology

Now

Third Generation

Integrated High Quality

Voice, High Speed Data

Location Services

Global Roaming

Advanced Multimedia

Services

Broader Bandwidth

Radio Channels

Higher Frequency

Spectrum Utilization

Advanced Speech, Data

Visual Compression &

Radio Transmission

Year 2001

Fourth Generation

TelePresencing

Distance Learning

(Intelligent Agents)

Knowledge-Based

Network Operations

Unified Service Networks

Year 2010

IN CapabilitiesFirst Generation

Mobile Telephone

Service

Analog Cellular

Technology

Macrocellular

Technology

Past




0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

S

u b s c r i b e

r s - - I n M

i l l i o n s

Global Wireline

Global WirelessGlobal Wireless

(Revised)

Global Wireline/ Wireless Market 1995-2010


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/3rd-generation-systems 5/45June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 5

Wireless Subscriber Trends

1995

S u b s

c r i b e r s

( M i l l i o n s )

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2000 2005 2010

Total Wireless Subscribers

Wireless Data Subscribers



IMT-2000 Influences / Family of Standards

IMT-2000

EuropeAsia / Pacific

Likely Resu l ts :

A “ fam i ly o f standards ” fo r IMT-2000 serv ices, assuringair-interface and network standards interoperabi l i ty

A sp read spectrum future

North America

cdma2000 UMTS ARIB-CDMA



Regional Third-Generation Air

Interfaces

North Amer ica

Wideband-cdmaOneIS-136++

GSM 384/ EDGE

UMTS/ DoCoMo-

WCDMA

Hughes Overlay

B-CDMA

GBT

Europe

UMTS/ DoCoMo-WCDMA(F2)

Hybrid TDMA/ CDMA (F1)

GSM 384/ EDGE

Wideband-cdmaOne

OFDMW-TDMA (TDMA without spreading)

ODMA

Asia/ Pacif ic

DoCoMo/ UMTS-WCDMAWideband-cdmaOne

GSM 384/ EDGE

ETRI-CDMA

China-specific S-CDMA?

Japan-Korea-China CDMA

Taiwanese WCDMA?



IMT- 2000 Goals

❐ Global system for wireless communications❐ Multi-environment operation

− Vehicular

− Pedestrian and Outdoor-to-Indoor

− Indoor Office

− Satellite

❐ Support for packet data and circuit-switched services

❐ Multimedia services support❐ Expected data rates:

− 144 kbps in vehicular

− 384 kbps in pedestrian

− 2 Mbps in indoor office environment

❐ IMT- 2000 spectrum allocated at WRC 1992

in the 2 GHz band

❐ Year 2000+ services (subject to market considerations)



IMT-2000 End User Terminal Requirements

❑ Low cost

❑ Light weight

❑ Low power drain / long talk time

❑ Toll-quality voice

❑ High security

❑ Use multiple devices with the same User ID

− Services, routing and charging by personal ID/subscription

❑ International roaming

❑ Broad range of services− Fixed and mobile

− Voice, data, multimedia



❐Broadband Radio Access

− Data Rates: 144, 384, 2000 kbps

− Evolution from 2G (CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PHS, etc.)

− Mobility vs. Fixed Wireless Access

− Harmonized Spectrum Allocations

❐Broadband Backbone Infrastructure− Integrated Voice, Data, Image

❐Network Architecture− Functional Distribution

−

WIN, GSM MAP, INAP

IMT- 2000 Key Architectural Requirements



Third-Generation Systems Design Goals

❐ Meet IMT-2000 requirements

❐ Offer additional capacity and service enhancements as an

evolution of 2G systems (TDMA based GSM and IS-95 /

ANSI-41 based CDMA)

❐ Integrated voice and data system

− Optimized for voice and packet services

− Support higher rate circuit services

❐ Smooth, backwards-compatible evolution from existing

2G systems

− Evolve network infrastructure and software from 2G systems− New dual-mode terminals allow gradual build-up of high data rate

services in 2G service areas

− Coexistence of 2G voice and data terminals with new wideband

terminals



PSTN

STP

Message

Center

Voice

Mail

Voice

Activated

Dialing

Support Systems

Other Cellular & PCS

Systems and Networks

3G Open Systems Technology Platform

Billing

System

MSC

Local,Regional & National

Operations CentersOTA

Serv.

Prov.Customer

Service

Data

Networks

Fraud

Mgmt

Data/Fax

Store &

Forward

Standard Air

Interfaces

Data

IWF

Standard Data Interfaces

Open Systems Innovations

Base Station Interfaces

Intelligent

Network

Standard Network Interfaces



North American TDMA-Based

SchemesUWC-136 Proposal

30 kHz channel -- enhancement to modulation - IS-136+ (64

kb/s rate) Wider-band TDMA carriers with channel width 0f 200 kHz

(IS-136 HS {Vehicular/Outdoor} ) same as EDGE, provides

medium bit rates 144 kb/s, 384 kb/s

1.6 MHz carrier (IS-136 HS {indoor}), provides bit rates up to

2 Mb/s (same as FMA1 without spreading)



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 14

Two new modulation methods

Quaternary Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

(QOQAM) – higher data rate (2 bits/symbol, symbol is shifted by ππππ/2)

– good spectral efficiency

– smaller amplitude variation than 16QAM

Binary Offset QAM (BOQAM) – symbol rate 361.1 Ksymbols/s (same as QOQAM)

– 1 bit/symbol, symbol is shifted by ππππ/2

– subset of QOQAM


Schemes



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 15

Radio Resource Management includes

link adaptation

frequency hopping

power control

dynamic channel allocation


Schemes



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 16

2G System(GSM/DAMPS) Evolution

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution)

Existing Frequency Bands 800, 900, 1800 MHz

High Level Modulation Capabilities in 200 kHz TDMA Systems

UMTS/W-CDMA New 2 GHz Frequency Band and Existing Frequency Bands

New Technology Optimized for New Services and Minimum Costs



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 17

.

DAMP (IS-136)

PDC

Existing

Spectrum

New Modified

Spectrum

I MT-2000 Capable System

GSM+

DAMP+

GSM++

DAMP++

WCDMA

GSM

Evolution of GSM and DAMP to WCDMA



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 18

Functionality

Speech

SMS

CSD

< 14.4 kbps

GSM

IN

HSCSD

< 115 kbps

GSM+

GPRS

124-171

kbps

EDGE

GSM++ WCDMA

Time

GSM Evolution



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 19

Bits per Second

10 k

100 k

1 M

GSM

(Today)

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

No. of Data Users

Data Evolution in GSM



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 20

384 kbps data capability to satisfy the IMT-2000 requirements

for pedestrian(microcell) and low speed vehicular (macrocell)

environments

144 kbps data capability for high speed vehicular environment

2 Mbps requirement for indoor office is met by using wide

band EDGE (1.6 MHz) carrier

May be combined with GPRS and HSCSD to create EGPRS with collective gross data rate of 65.2 kb/s

ECSD (with channel coding to improve BER) with 38.4 kb/s/timeslot; time slots may be

aggregated

2.5 G System (EDGE)

ECSD: Enhanced Circuit switched Data; EGPRS: Enhanced General Packet Radio Service, GPRS: General Packet Radio Service;

HSCSD: High Speed CSD



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 21

200 kHz carrier spacing

8 TDMA time-slotModulation Formats

Quaternary-offset-QAM (16-QAM)

Binary-offset-QAM (QPSK)

GMSK

Set of convolution codes for channel coding toimprove BER

Details of EDGE System



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 22

EDGE UMTS

HLM

TDMA 200 kHz WCDMA 5 MHz

(1.6 MHz)

144 kbps 384 kbps 384 kbps 2 Mbps

(2 Mbps)

Wide Area Local Area Wide Area Local Area

Coverage Coverage Coverage Coverage

EDGE versus UMTS



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 23

Parameters of UMTS are selected to enable efficient

implementation of dual-mode terminals UMTS-GSM

Handoff between UMTS and GSM in all environments Dual-mode capability gives flexible solutions for GSM

operators with new spectrum

GSM for voice and low-speed data UMTS for high-speed data

Dual Mode Terminals: UMTS & GSM



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 24

FRAMES Relation to Standardization.

GSM 200 kHz evolution

FMA1

FMA2

FRAMES

ETSI

SMG2

ITU-R

ARIB

Harmonization

Harmonization



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 25

In January 1998 consensus agreement on

UMTS radio interface achieved in ETSI SMGto use:

WCDMA (FDD) operation in paired frequency

bands

TD/CDMA (TDD) operation in unpaired frequency

band

European 3G Systems

U i l M bil T l i ti



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 26

For wide-area Service: WCDMA (FMA 2)

1920 to 1980 MHz (uplink)

2110 to 2170 MHz (downlink)

For private, indoor services in unpaired

frequency band (i.e., TDD) : TD/CDMA

(FMA 1) - 2010 to 2025 MHz

Universal Mobile Telecommunication

Service



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 27

FRAMES Multiple Access Mode 1 - FMA1

FMA1 is based on wideband TDMA with and

without spreading

Users are separated orthogonal into time slots,and within each time slot an additional

separation by spreading codes can be used.



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 28

FMA1 Schemes

Two schemes for multiple access

FMA1 without spreading

FMA1 with spreading



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 29

FMA1 Operation Modes

FMA1 can be operated in

Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Mode

Channel spacing is 1.6 MHz in both modes



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 30

Layers of FMA1 and FMA2

RLC: Radio Link Control; MAC: Media Access Control

Layer 1

Logical Link Control (LLC)

FMA1 RLC/MAC Common functionality FMA2 RLC/MAC

FMA1 L1 FMA2 L1

Common

L1 Features

Layer 2

Layer 3 Radio Bearer ControlFMA1

Radio Resource controlFMA2

Radio Resource control

Radio Network Layer

FMA 2 - WCDMA Technical



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 31


Characteristics of Radio Interface

Basic chip rate 4.096 Mcps with carrier spacing from

4.4 MHz to 5 MHz depending on scenario carrier spacing multiple of 200 kHz for 2nd generation

capability

Higher chip rates with 8.192 and 16.384 Mcps

Variable rate spreading for both directions

low/medium bit rates with single code

high bit rates with multicode solution

Coherent detection on both uplink and downlink




June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 32


Frame length 10 ms

Asynchronous operation Short spreading/scrambling codes with optional long-

code scrambling on uplink

Hybrid spreading (variable spreading factor +multicode) to support multirate transmission

Rate matching with unequal repetition coding or

puncturing




June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 33

Flexible support of variable rate services

Separation of data and layer 1 control on different physicalchannels

Explicit rate information

Fast power control for both uplink and downlink

FMA 2 WCDMA Technical




June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 34

cdma2000 Channels (Forward - Downlink )

Pilot

Channels

Auxiliary

PilotPilot

Forward CDMA

Channels

Sync

Channel

Paging

Channels

F-QPPH

F-PCHF-CCCH

F-BCCH

Traffic

Channel

RS1,RS2

Fundamental

Code Channel

Traffic

Channel

RS3 to RS6

Fundamental

Code Channel

Supplemental

Code Channel



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 35

cdma2000 Channels (Reverse - Uplink)

Pilot

Reverse CDMA

Channels

Access

R-CCCH

Traf fic

C ha nnel

R S1,R S2

Fundamental

Code Channel

Traffic

Channel

RS3 to RS6

FundamentalCode Channel

SupplementalCode Channel

Improvements of Technology - cdma2000



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 36

p gy

❒ Addition of MAC Sublayer

❒ QPSK - double number of Walsh functions

❒ Coherent transmission (uplink) - pilot

❒Addition of Supplementary Channel (SCH) - high speeddata

❑ Turbo codes - SCH

❑5-msec Frame Option

❑ Transmit Diversity (downlink)

❑ Fast Power Control (uplink)

❑ Auxiliary Pilot Channel (downlink) -beam-formingapplications

❑ Continuous transmission

TIA/EIA 95 B & d 2000 l t t



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 37

TIA/EIA-95-B & cdma2000 layer structure

High-speed

circuit network

layer services

Mac

control

states

LAC Protocol

QoS control

RLP

LAC

IP

PPP

Physical Layer

Multiplexing

MAC

Null LAC

TCP

Circuit data

application

Voice

Services

UDP

Packet

data applic.

SignalingservicesOSI

Layers

3-7

OSI

Layer

2

OSI

Layer 1

cdma2000 MAC Layer



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 38

cdma2000 MAC Layer

Active

State Control HoldState

Suspended Hold

State

Dormant

State

Timeout Timeout

Release

Traffic

Traffic

TrafficTraffic

Timeout

Forward Link Spreading Options



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 39

Forward Link Spreading Options

Multi- Carrier (MC): demultiplexes modulated symbols into N separate 1.25 MHz carriers resulting in a chip rate of 1.2288

Mcps per carrier Direct Spread (DS): spreads the modulation symbols to N x

1.2288 Mcps resulting in one N X 1.25 MHz carrier

Both methods offer comparable link performance and capacity

cdma2000 Downlink



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 40

cdma2000 Downlink

• Orthogonal signaling

• Same pilot channel

• Capacity sharing

F1, F2 & F3 carry the fundamental channel spread using a single Walsh codeover all three 1.25 MHz channels (transmitted separately)

S1, S2 & S3 carry the supplemental channel spread using a single Walsh code

over all three 1.25 MHz channels (transmitted separately);

Variable user data rate: 9.6 - 1036.8 kbps with 3.6864 Mcps

cdma2000

cdmaOne (IS-95)

Base

Station

F3

1.25 MHz channel

F1

F2

S1

S2

S3Transmission Diversity

with N=3

cdma2000 Uplink



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 41

cdma2000 Uplink

F: 5Mhz fundamental channel with pilot and control

S: 5Mhz supplemental channel dynamically assigned;

Variable user data rate: 9.6 - 1036.8 kbps with 3.6864 Mcps

Multiple supplemental channels can be used for multiple services

cdma2000

cdmaOne (IS-95)

Base

Station

Coherent reverse link

Continuous pilot channelContinuous transmission

F

S

1.25 MHz channel

Diversity Receive

Turbo Codes Overview



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 42

Turbo Codes - Overview

• Objective: reduce the required Eb/N0 for

desired level of QoS at the expense of additional

processing• Approach: utilize turbo coding for only

supplemental channel

– Provides additional robustness for high speed data

services

– Iterative process

!Soft decisions until last iteration

!Hard decision on last iteration

cdma2000 and UMTS/ARIB W-CDMA

K T h i l Diff



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 43

Key Technical Differences

cdma2000 W-CDMA

Core Network ANSI-41 GSM MAP

Chip Rate 3.6864 4.096 →→→→ 3.84*(DoCoMo) (UMTS)

Synchronized BS Yes No

Frame Length 20ms 10ms

Voice Coder EVRC New

Harmonization solutions have been identif ied to address all but the chip rate issue

*Cur rentl y stands at 4.096. Compromise to 3.84 proposed to meet ETSI ’ s desire to fi t in

U.S. 5MHz spectrum blocks.



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 44

Conclusions

• In most parts cdma2000 and W-CDMA are similar,

but there are differences in their implementations.

• Development of cdma2000 will be based on the

experience gained by operators and equipment

manufacturers with 2G cdmaOne systems.

• cdma2000 will be backward compatible with IS-95B

systems

• GSM and DAMP will evolve to W-CDMA via EDGE

and DAMP++



June 13-14, 1999 NSF Talk 45

Research Needs for 3G Wireless Systems• Performance of Turbo codes in different operating

environments with high speed packet data services

• Performance of media Access Control Sublayer under different QoS

• Improvements in TCP/IP for high speed packet data

services

• Diversity (Space Time Processing : STP) Smart

Antenna Applications

• Application of Software radio to handle different air

interfaces

• Efficient and user friendly Network Management

Documents

3rd generation Systems