4-3-chuong4tt-congnghebunhoattinhaerotank-101105105745-phpapp02

7/31/2019 4-3-chuong4tt-congnghebunhoattinhaerotank-101105105745-phpapp02

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CHNG 4 (tt)B AEROTANK


2/93

1. Khi nimB Aerotank l cng trnh nhn to x l ncthi bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh, trong ngi ta cung cp xi v khuy trn ncthi vi bn hot tnh.


3/93

2. V tr b

AerotankB lng 1 B lng 2

Nc thi

Bn tun hon

X l bn

X ra

nguntipnhn


4/93

3. KT CU

KT CU :- Cu trc aerotank phi tha mn 3 iu

kin:

+ Gi c liu lng bn cao trongaerotank

+ Cho php vi sinh pht trin lin tc giai

on bn tr+ Bo m lng oxy cn thit cho vi sinh mi im ca aerotank.


5/93

Bn tr


6/93

Cu to b


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M hnh m phng


14/93

Cc qu trnh sinh ha xy ratrong Aerotank

1) Qu trnh tng sinh khi

2) Qu trnh chuyn ha c cht.

3) Qu trnh kh Nit v Phospho


15/93

1) Qu trnh tng sinh khi


16/93

2) Qu trnh chuyn ha ccht

H2O

Oxi ho v tng hp t bo:

Phn khng phnhy sinh hc

Cht hc O2 CO2Dinh dng

(N,P)


17/93

2) Qu trnh chuyn ha ccht

Phn khng phnhy sinh hc

H2O N,PO2

CO2


18/93

Qu trnh kh nito v nitrat haHp cht hu c cha nito

NH4+

Sinh khi t bovi sinh vt

T bo sng v tbo cht theo bn

ra ngoi

Qu trnh thy phn bienzyme ca vi khun

Qu trnh ng ha

Kh nito

N2 thot vo

khng kh

NO3

NO2

O2

O2

V qu trnh kh

Qu trnh nitrat ha


19/93

Qu trnh kh phospho

Hp cht phospho Tham giatng hp

ATP

Axitnucleic

phospholipic

T bo vi sinh vt


20/93

Phn loi b Aerotank

theo s vn hnh


21/93

Aerotank ti trng thp(Aerotank truyn thng)

B lng1

Aerotank

Nc thi

B lng 2

BOD < 400mg/lHiu sut x l BOD t 80-95%

X bnti

X ra ngun tipnhn

Tun hon bn hottnh Bn d

X l bn


22/93

Aerotank ti trng cao mt bc

Aerotank

Bn tun hon

Nc vo

Bn cn

Thu hi v x l bn

Nc ra

Khng kh

B lng 1 B lng 2

BOD cao > 500 mg/l

Thi kh lin tc (6-8h)


23/93

Aerotank ti trng cao nhiu bcB nhiu bc ngang

B lng 1

B Aerotank

B lng 2

Bn hot tnh

X bn hot tnh

X bn ti

X rangun

tipnhn

Nc thi


24/93

B nhiu bc dc

B lng 1 B lng 2

X bn ti

X ra

nguntip

nhn

Tun hon bn hot

X bn hot tnh

B Aerotank

Nc thi


25/93

Aerotank ti trng cao xen kb lng bn

Kk vo

Bn thiBn tun honBn tun hon

Thu hi v x l bn

B lng 1 B lng 2 B lng 3

tnh trn 1 kg cht thi hu ctrong ngy.


26/93

Aerotank thng kh ko di

li chnrc

b aerotankthng kh ko

di

Bn tun hon

Bn d

blng

2

nc ra


27/93

Aerotank thng kh cao c khuyo hon chnh

Bn tun hon

My khuy bmt Kh nn

x bn ti Bn d

nc rablng1

blng2


28/93

Da trn nguyn l lm vic ca aerotank khuyo hon chnh ngi ta thay khng kh nn bng

cch sc oxi tinh khit.

Kh thi Dng ra

Bn d

Oxi tinh khit

Dng ra

Bn d

Oxi tun hon


29/93

Khi nim Bn hot tnh l qu

trnh x l sinh hcnc thi trong vi

sinh vt tng sinh. Qu trnh ny v c

bn bao gm x lhiu kh xy ha

cht hu c thnhCO2 , v H2O, NH4 vsinh khi t bo.


30/93

Qu trnh hnh thnh bng bn

Pha Lag (pha thch nghi)

Pha Log (pha tngtrng)

Pha tng trng chm

Pha h hp ni bo


31/93

Mt s vi sinh vt trong bAerotank


32/93

H vi sinh vt bao gm:

Vi khun

To

Nm

Nguyn sinh ng vt

Trng bnh xe

Giun trn

Mt s ng vt khng xng sng khc


33/93

Vi khun Zooglea, Pseudomonas,

Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Bacilus,Achromobacter, Corynebaterium,

Comomonas, Brevibacterium,Acinetobacterium

Vai tr: oxi ha cc cht hu c, ng vai trquan trng trong vic hnh thnh bng bn


34/93

Cc loi vi khun dng si ng vai tr quan trng trongvic hnh thnh bng bn. Chng l xng sng ca hbn hot tnh


35/93


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Achromobacter


38/93

Flavobacterium.


39/93

Acinetobacterium.


40/93

Vi khun Chc nng

Pseudomonas Phn hy hiratcacbon, protein, phn nitrat ha

Arthrobacter Phn hy hiratcacbon

Bacillus Phn hy hiratcacbon, protein,

Cytophaga Phn hy cc polyme

Zooglea To thnh cht nhy (polysacarit), hnh thnhcht keo t

Nitrosomonas Nitrit ha

Nitrobacter Nitrat ha

Flavobacterium Phn hy protein

Nitrococcus denitrificans Phn nitrat ha (kh nitrat thnh N2)Thiobacillus denitrificans Phn nitrat ha

Acinetobacter Phn nitrat ha

Desulfovibrio Kh sulfat, kh nitrat


41/93

Givai tr ch yu lNocardia trong s cbung bn Hoa K

Cyanobacterium,Schizothrix calcicolagy hin tng lnbn nhiu ln trong

nh my nc thi Ohio

Vi khun si phttrin trong mi trng

t cacbon hu c

Sphaerotilus natans 2 loi Thiothrix

Tht Vi sinh vtsi % NM XLNT bs c bung


42/93

bn v VSV sichimuth

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Nocardia spp

Type 1701

Type 021NType 0041

Thiothrix spp

Sphaerotilus natans

Microthix parvicella

Type 0092

Haliscomenbacter hydrosis

Type 0675

Type 0803

Nostocoida limicola

Type 1851

Type 0961

Type 0581

Begiatoa spp

Nam

Type 0914

Loai khac

31

29

19

1612

12

10

9

9

7

6

6

6

4

3


43/93

Nhiu VK Si Kh n nh Sinh Khi


44/93

Chuyn amon thnh

nitrit : Nitrosomonas,Nitrosopira,Nitrococcus

Chuyn nitrit thnhnitrat : Pseudomonas

Qu trnh nitrat schm hn do s

gim nhit

Nitrobacter

Pseudomonas


45/93

Nm

Bn hat tnh khngthun li cho s phttrin ca nm

Geotrichum,Candida,TrichodermaPenicillium,

Cepholosporiumv Alternaria

Geotrichum


46/93

To

Bn hot tnh thngkhng u tin cho spht trin ca to

C th thy xut hinkh thng cc loito dng si trongbng bn v d nh

cc si to lamSi to lam


47/93

Trng bin hnh (trng chn gi)

Trng roi

Trng tin mao (trng c, trch trng,mao trng)

Trng bnh xe

Cc loi khng xng sng cp caohn


48/93

Trng bin hnh

Rt phong ph, kchthc 10 200 m

Ch th nc thi c

CHC dng tinh bt Arcella trn v

cng c cc vn nhhoa vngi l trng

bin hnh c v

Arcella megastoma

Arcella vulgaris


49/93

Trng roi

Kch thc 5 20m

Ch thcho mcBOD trong nc cao

Euglypha : amip c vcng, c th trong sut.S lng thng tngcng tui bn.

BOD : 0-50 mg/l. NH3 : 0-30 mg/l.

Cht lng dng

nc : khc nhau.

Euglypha


50/93

Trng tin mao

Nhm bi t do vnhm b :

C dng trn hocoval, kch thc 20

400 m c tm thy iu

kin bng bn hnhthnh tt. S c

mt hay vng mtca chng c thch thcho cht chi


51/93


52/93

L ciliate c cung BOD : ph thuc vo

mi loi.

NH3: khc nhau vimi loi. Cht lng dng nc:

tt.Vorticella Convallaria


53/93

Paramecium

L ciliate bi t dothng thy trong bnhot tnh

BOD dng chy : 0-30mg/l.

NH3dng chy : 0-20mg/l.

Cht lng dng nc :c th thay i.Paramecium


54/93

Chilodonella uncinata

Chilodonella uncinata lloi cilia t do

Cho thy nc thi cha

n nh v bn cha mnh.

Chilodonella uncinata


55/93

Trng bnh xe

Kch thc ln hncc loi trn 50500m. Hnh dng rt

phong ph Trng bnh xe c mt

nhiu thi gian lubn khc nhau, mt

s loi c th ch thcho thi gian lu bncao

Lecane sp. (Rotifer)


56/93

L rotifer bi c,chng s dng chn vtim mao di dng.Euchlanis c thy

trong bn hot tnh khicht lng dng nctt. N i hi cung cpDO thng xuyn.

BOD: 0-15 mg/l.

NH3 : 0-10 mg/l. Cht lng nc : trung

bnh.Lecane sp. (Rotifer)

Loi khng xng sng cp


57/93

Loi khng xng sng cpcao hn

Nhm ny gm b giuntrn

Do tc sinh trngchm, giun trn nichung thng cnhn thy thi gianlu bn di hn

Cc loi cn li ch xuthin cc h bn hottnh ang nitrat ha, cth do chngd btn

thng bi c ca

Macrobiotus

Macrobiotus blocki


58/93

Loi giun tAeleosoma sp.thng c nhnthy trong bn hot

tnh vi hnh dngkhng l khi nhndi knh hin vi vchng thng gy ra

cc vt mu trongbn hot tnh do ccchm cam trn cth ca chng.

Arcella megastoma

Arcella vulgaris

Yu T nh Hng n Kh


59/93

Yu T nh Hng n KhNng Lm Sch Nc Thi

Aerotank Lng oxi ho tan trong nc

Thnh phn dinh dng i vi VSV

Nng cht bn hu c trong ncthi

Cc cht c tnh c trong nc thi

pH ca nc thi

Nhit

Nng cht l lng


60/93

S C V Cch Khc Phc

Nhng vn trong bn hot tnh

Nhng vn trong qu trnh x lnc thi

Nhng vn trong bn hot


61/93

Nhng vn trong bn hottnh

Hin tng bung bn : Bung bn c si

Bung bn khng c si

Bng bn im Hin tng ln bn

Hin tng to bt v vng

Hin tng bn trng


62/93

Bung Bn C Si


63/93

Hin Tng Bt V Vng


64/93

Hin Tng Bt V Vng


65/93

TM TT NGUYN NHN VHU QU

CA NHNG S C TRONGBN HOT TNH

S c Nguyn nhn Hu qu


66/93

Bung bn Nhng vi sinh vt bnhtrng khi bng bnv cn tr vic nn vlng ca bn

Ch s th tch SVI cao,nc thi ra trong

Nhy: bung bn c nht(cng c th gi l

vic bung b khngsi)

Vi sinh vt hin din vis lng ln trong

lp mng ngoi bo.

Gim tnh lng v tc nn. Trn thc t

khng c vic phntch trong nhngtrng hp nghimtrng, to nn chytrn ca lp bntrong b lng t 2

Bng bn im Nhng bng bn nh,chc, yu, c cuhnh to thnh lngnhanh. Nhng khi tnh hn lng chm

Ch s th tch bn SVIthp v nc thi rac

S pht trin phn tn Vi sinh vt khng tothnh bng nhng

Nc ra c, khng cvng lng trong bn.


67/93

g gkhuch tn, to thnhnhng cm nh hay tbo n l.

g g g

Ln bn Vic kh nitrat trong blng t 2 to ra nhngbng kh Nito, bm dnhvi nhng bng bnhot tnh v ni ln trn

b mt b lng 2

Lp vng ca bn hottnh c to thnh trnmt ca b lng t 2

S to thnh bt vvng

Nhng cht hot din bmt khng b thoi ha

v s hin din canhng loi Nocardia, ikhi bi s hin din cMicrothrix parvicella

Lng ln bn ni cacht rn trong bn hot

tnh ti b mt ca nv x l. Bt c tchly v c th b thi.Cht rn c th chytrn vo b lng 2


68/93

Nhng vn trong qu trnh

x l nc thi Cng trnh b qu ti

Lng nc thi t xut tr nn qu

ln Ngun cp in b mt

Khng kp sa cha, i tu

Cn b, cng nhn khng theo nguyntc qun l k thut an tan


69/93

Cch khc phc

Hin tng bung bn :

X l bng cht oxy ho mnh

X l bng cht keo tiu chnh lng bn tun

hon


70/93

Hin tng ln bn Tng t l bn tun hon t b lng v b

Aerotank gim thi gian lu bn trongb lng.

Tng nhanh tc rt bn d b lng

Gim thi gian lu bn trnh qu trnhnitrat ha

Hin tng bt v vng


71/93

Hin tng bt v vng

C th khc phc hin tng bt v vng bngcch : dng chlorine phun ln trn b mt hays dng cc cation polymer kim sot

Hin tng bn trng

Tng cng sc kh X bn d

Tm thi gim ti trng thy lc ca b Pha long nc thi bng nc sng, h

Vn trong ch lm vic ca


72/93

Vn trong ch lm vic cacc qu trnh x l nc thi

Cch khc phc Nc thi sn xut c lu lng v nng dao

ng ln trong ngy v m, th ch c php xvo mng li thot nc th sau khi qua x l

cc b trong x nghip cng nghip. iu chnh ch bm cho ph hp vi cng sut

ca b x l.

Tin hnh ty ra knh mng u n.

Cn dng 2 ngun in c lp trnh b tt int ngt.

Cn nng cao trnh qun l k thut cho cc cnb trong qu trnh iu hnh cc cng trnh x l.


73/93

Tnh ton b

1. Cc ch tiu thit k

2. Lp m hnh tnh ton b


74/93

1. Cc ch tiu thitk

1. Cc thng s u vo

2. Xc nh hiu qu x l Hiu qu x l theo COD

Hiu qu x l theo BOD5

Hiu qu x l BOD ton b

3. Th tch b

1 Xc nh th tch b (V)


75/93

1. Xc nh th tch b (V)

a. Xc nh theo t s khi lng cht nnv khi lng bn hot tnh F/M

V =

QSo

X. F/M

Q: Lu lng nc cn x l (m3/ngy)

So: Hm lng BOD5 trong nc thi u vo (mg/l)

X: Nng bn hot tnh (mg/l)

F/M:T l BOD5 c trong nc thi v bn hot tnh (mgBOD5/mg bn)

Xc nh th tch b (V)


76/93

b. Xc nh theo tc s dng cht nnca 1g bn hot tnh trong 1n v thigian

V =Q (So S)

(a Z)

: Tc s dng cht nn ca 1 gram bnhot tnh trong 1 ngy (g BOD5/1 g bn ngy)

a: Nng bn thc trong b Aerotank (mg/l)

Z: tro ca cn, thng l 0,3 mg/mg

Xc nh th tch b (V)

Xc nh th tch b (V)


77/93

c. Xc nh theo tui ca cn c (thi gian lugi bn hot tnh trong b)

V =

c(So S) Y

X (1+Kd c)

c: Tui ca bn (ngy)

Kd: H s phn hy ni bo (ngy-1)

S: Hm lng BOD5 trong nc thi u ra (mg/l)

Xc nh th tch b (V)

Xc nh th tch b (V)


78/93

d. Xc nh theo ti trng cht nn trn mtn v th tch ca b (kg BOD5/m3)

V =QSo

La

La: Ti trng cc cht hu c s c lm sch trnmt n v th tch ca b x l (kg BOD5/l m3 ngy)

Xc nh th tch b (V)

4 Thi i l


79/93

4. Thi gian lu nc

5. Lng bn hu c l lng khi s dng

BOD5 Tc tng trng ca bn

Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong ngy

Tng bn d Lng cn d hng ngy x ra

Lu lng x bn


80/93

6. Thi gian tch ly cn (tun hon tonb) khng x cn ban u

7. Lng bn hu c x ra hng ngy

8. Xc nh lu lng tun hon

9. T l F/M10.Lng kh cn thit Lng oxy cn thit

Lng oxy thc t


81/93

11. Lng khng kh cn thit

12.p lc kh my nn

13.p lc kh

14. Cng sut my nn

15. Chn kch thc, b tr phn phi kh


82/93

4. Thi gian lu nc ()

6 T d ht ( )


83/93

1. Th tch b (V)

2. Lu lng ncu vo ( Qv)

3. Lu lng ncu ra ( Qr)

5. Lng oxicn thit (Ok)

6. Tc s dng cht nn (rd)

7. Tc d tng trngvi sinh vt (rt)

8. Lng bnc trong b (Xo)

9. Lng bn x ra (Xr)

10. Lng bn sinh ra (Vrt

)

Xc nh hiu qu x l

Xc nh hiu qu x l


84/93

q

Hiu qu x l theo COD

E1 =

CODvo (CODra c)

CODvo

Hiu qu x l theo COD

E2 =

BOD5 vo

S

BOD5 vo

C: lng cn theo COD

S: lng BOD5ha tan ra khi b lng

X h hi l


85/93

Xc nh hiu qu x l

Hiu qu x l ton b

E =BOD5 vo BOD5 ra

BOD5 vo

- Trong :Xc nh hm lng BOD5tan trong nc u ra

BOD5 ra = BOD5 ha tan + BOD5 l l lng

L l (Q )


86/93

Lu lng nc u vo (Qv)

Qv = Qr

Lu lng nc u ra (Qr)

Th tch b


87/93

Th tch b

V =Q . Y . (So S) . c

X ( 1 + Kd . c)

Q: lu lng bn trung bnh ngy (m3/ngy.m) Y: h s nng sut s dng cht nn cc i

(mg/mg)

c: thi gian lu bn (ngy)

So: cht nn trong nc thi (mg/l) S: nng cht nn cn li sau khi ra khi b (mg/l) X: nng bn hot tnh sau khi ha trn (mg/l) Kd: h s phn hy ni bo

(m3)

Th t h b


88/93

Th tch b

Th tch thc ca b:

Vthc = B . L . H (m3)

B, L, H : kch thc b (m)

Thi gian lu nc ()


89/93

Thi gian lu nc ()

V: th tch b (m3)

Q: lu lng bn trung bnh ngy(m3/ngy.m)

=V

Q

(h)

L i thit (O )


90/93

Lng oxi cn thit (Ok)

Lng oxi cn thit

OCo =

Q. (So S)

1000 . f

- 1.42. Px +4.57 ( No N)

1000

No: tng nito ban u ( sau khi b sung dinh dng)N: tng nito ra ( 5 6 mg/l)

Lng oxi thc t

OCt = OCo +Cs

Cs + C

1

1.024(T- 20)

1


91/93

Cs: oxy bo ho trong nc (9,08 mg/l).

C: lng oxy cn duy tr trong b (2-3mg/l)

: 0,6-0,94.

OCTB = OCt/24 (kg/h)

OCt max = 1,5.OCt TB

OCt min = 0,8.OCt TB

Lng oxi khng kh cn thit


92/93

Lng oxi khng kh cn thit

OU: cng sut ho tan thit b: OU = Ou . h Ou: ph thuc h thng phn phi kh (g

O2/m3.m)

h: ngp nc (< hb)

Ok =OCt

OU

fan ton

Ok thc t = 2Ok

Tc s dng cht nn (rd)


93/93

g ( d)

rd: tc s dng cht nn (g/m3.s).

Y: h s nng sut s dng cht nn cc i(mg/mg). m: tc tng trng ring max. S: nng cht nn trong nc thi thi im

tng trng b hn ch (lc s lng cht nn chc gii hn).(nng cn li trong nc thi) Ks: hng s bn tc (ni ln s nh hng ca

nng cht nn thi im

rd =

m . X . S

Y (Ks + S)=

K . X . S

Ks + S

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4-3-chuong4tt-congnghebunhoattinhaerotank-101105105745-phpapp02