1

IV Cooperations4.1 Conference of Executives4.2 e-Government events

4.2.1 GovTech-Forum on e-Government 4.2.2 Training on e-Governance: International best practices

4.3 Space communications4.3.1 Board meeting of the Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications4.3.2 CanSat-2016 international competition in amateur satellite launch 4.3.3 Visit of representatives of the Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization

4.4 Information technologies4.4.1 Workshop on IT Auditing system and creating legal environment 4.4.2 “Silicon house” project4.4.3 Start-up business 4.4.4 Digital signature 4.4.5 “KHUR” state information exchange system4.4.6 Integrated platform of public services 4.4.7 Mongolian Internet Exchange 4.4.8 Smart equipment registration system

4.5 Post4.5.1 The 26th Congress of Plenipotentiaries of the Universal Postal Union

4.6 Public events4.6.1 ICT-EXPO4.6.2 National training workshop on ICT statistics 4.6.3 Series of training on “Child protection in cyber environment”

AcronymsFiguresTablesPicturesBibliography and sources

Edited by:B.Tsetseg, Deputy Director, CITA,

Content prepared by:M.Nyamtuya, Officier, CITA

Translated by: Intec Co. Ltd

Printed by:Shilmel ungu Co. LtdIllegal copying and reprinting is prohibited.

GreetingsGreetings Summary of development of information and telecommunications sector I Legislations

1.1 Laws1.2 Regulation

1.2.1 Procedure on regulation services fee setting for licensees1.2.2 Procedure for recording the integrated register of spectrum allocation; and Procedure for spectrum planning, allotment and assignment1.2.3 Common guidelines for official documentation recording in electronic form1.2.4 Regulation on utilization and service of public service e-Kiosk machines

1.3 Standards

II Policy coordination2.1 The State Policy on Development of Information and Communication Technology, 2017-20252.2 Policy document on Telecommunication Interconnectivity and Competition 2.3 Policy directions to be pursued in the Exchanging State information system

III Statistic information3.1 International ranking ICT development of Mongolia

3.1.1 ICT development Index /IDI/3.1.2 e-Government Development Index /EGDI/3.1.3 e-Participation Index /EPI/3.1.4 Networked readiness index /NRI/

3.2 National ICT statistics3.2.1 Mobile and fixed telephone communications 3.2.2 Internet3.2.3 Transmission network 3.2.4 Radio and television3.2.5 Post 3.2.6 Public services (E-Kiosk machines) 3.2.7 Human resources 3.2.8 Economic indicators

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CONTENTS

54

GREETING

It has been two years since the global community has defined the trends for future development and approved “Sustainable Development Goals-2030” during the UN World Summit, which countries have used as guidelines to define and implement their own goals and objectives.

During this period, we have had the State Policy on Development of ICT approved, defined our goals, objectives and the level to achieve, developed and have been implementing mid-term and long-term plans, projects and programs.

At the time of commencing to implement the policies, we present you the current Year book which contains the information on sectorial policies, legislature, statistical indicators, international cooperation and major events.

The ICT development index of Mongolia has reached 4,95 to have our country to be placed on the 90th place out of 175 countries, and e-Government development index has reached 0,51 placing Mongolia on the 84th place out of 193 countries, which puts our country at the average level in the global scale. In comparison with other countries, for our country as a developing nation, this indicates our success, and I want to stress out the importance of our joint commitment, dedication and efforts in advancing our success and implementing the government policies aimed at the future of our sector.

Along with the successes, we must consider our shortcomings and challenges, and our team openly welcomes your recommendations, advises and ideas which will be reflected in our work.

I extend my sincere greetings to our Readers and all our professionals working in this sector dedicating your professionalism, knowledge and experience to the grand deeds to build a knowledge-based information society.

Let us work together and develop together towards prosperous future!

CHAIRMAN OF COMMUNICATIONS ANDINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY B.CHINBAT

GREETING

I want to extend my congratulations on the occasion of the 96th Anniversary of the establishment and development of modern ICT sector.

In its Action Plan to be implemented by 2020, the Government of Mongolia has set forth a considerable amount of objectives to advance the level of development of the ICT sector, to develop innovation based industry, to intensify academic and research activities of this sector, and to build up highly skilled professionals and human resources.

Within the framework of the objective to develop the ICT sector as reflected in the Sustainable Development

Concept of Mongolia-2030 and the Action Plan of the Government for 2016-2020, we have approved the State Policy on Development of Information and Communication Technology up to 2025 and to be pursued by the government in regard to the development of the ICT sector and continue working to align the development of the sector with the global trends, to develop e-Government, to digitalize all operations of other sectors, to increase penetration of services provided by the government to citizens, and to create conditions to deliver public services in simple and rapid manner.

As the commencement of activities planned to be implemented in this sector, we have approved of “Common guidelines for official documentation recording in electronic form”, each organization was able to use official document handling, registration and monitoring software in their activities as well as to introduce exchange of e-documents, which resulted in time saving and reduced paper consumption in government organizations, and in the development of infrastructure to support to e-Government goal of Mongolia.

Further on, we have defined our policies towards to enable ICT advancements to the public, to develop knowledge based, high technology and export-oriented national industry, to support human development, and to increase competitiveness.

In the course of its development and advancement, ICT was, and is, the greatest catalyst for the development of Mongolia.

I wish all the best and very success to all of you who are real engine of modern information society and frontrunners of the ICT sector.

PRIME MINISTER OF MONGOLIA J.ERDENEBAT

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1921-1965BEGINNING STAGE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

1966-1994 MIDDLE STAGE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

1995-2017CONTEMPORARY STAGE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

• 1995 Law on telecommunications• 1999 Law on radio wave• 2001 law of telecommunications (amendments made in 2008 and 2014)

• 2003 Law on post (amendments made in 2007)• 2011 Law on digital signature • 2017 Draft Law on Broadcasting

• 1957 General scheme of development and location of telecommunication and radio broadcasting of the People’s Republic of Mongolia

• 1972 Policy document to develop telecommunications sector of Mongolia for period of 1975-1990

• 1993 National radio frequency table • 1994 Master plan to develop telecommunications by 2010

• 2000 Concept to develop ICT by year 2010 • 2002 Mid-term strategy plan to develop ICT (by year 2010)• 2002 Master plan to develop postal sector • 2005 Master plan on e-Government • 2005 General Directions to introduce GSM system in mobile communications

of Mongolia • 2005 General Directions to introduce television digital broadcasting system in

Mongolia, 2011• 2005 General Directions to introduce CDMA-450 technology in mobile

communications of Mongolia • 2005 General Directions to introduce 3rd generation system of mobile

communications in Mongolia • 2005 E-Mongolia program • 2006 General guidelines to introduce wireless connectivity system in Mongolia • 2008 Program to setup registration and information system

• 2008 Master plan to develop outsourcing • 2009 General guidelines to introduce Internet protocol

based television (IPTV) in Mongolia • 2009 General guidelines to introduce mobile television

services in Mongolia • 2010 Information security program• 2010 Program on switching radio and television

broadcasting towards digital technology • 2010 Program on postal services to every household • 2011 General guidelines on switching radio broadcasting

towards digital technology in Mongolia • 2011 Program on high-speed broadband network • 2012-Program on national satellite • 2012 e-Government program • 2017 Government policy on information and

communications technology development /2017-2025/

• 1921 MONTA Agency for telegraphic information at Provisional Government of Mongolia

• 1921 General Committee on post and telegraphic information

• 1944 Ministry of Communications

• 1990 Ministry of Communications was changed into General Department of Communications

• 1992 Mongolian Telecommunications Company was established

• 1992 General Department of Communications was dissolved and functions were transferred to Ministry of Road, Transportation and Communications (MRTC)

• 1994 MRTC was dissolved and functions were transferred to Ministry of Infrastructure

• 1995 Communications Regulatory Council • 2001 MIDAS NGO • 2002 Communications Regulatory Commission • 2002 National ICT Council under Prime Minister • 2003 National Information Technology Park • 2004 Information, Telecommunications and Technology Agency (present

Information Technology, Post and Telecommunications Agency) • 2006 Mongolian Association Internet Service Providers

• 2007 MOSA NGO • 2009 National Data Center • 2009 Universal Service Obligations Fund • 2011 Council of Chief Information Officers • 2011 Association of Information and Telecommunications • 2012 National Satellite Council • 2012 National Council on ICT under Prime Minister was

re-established

• 1981 First computer was imported. (Pravets, Bulgaria)• 1994 First computer was assembled• 1994 Started to use digital information

• 1996 Internet was introduced (Datacom)• 1998 Plan to develop individuals with ICT impact• 2001 Mongolia Development Gateway project • 2002 Open government portal site • 2005 Computers for all movement • 2005 WIMAX (Ulusnet)• 2008 Master plan to develop outsourcing • 2009 Online commerce and services • 2009 Association of Mongolian websites • 2010 Social media networks, such as facebook, twitter, etc

• 2013 11-11 center of the Government • 2013 Kiosk machines of Public services• 2015 E-system of Public services• 2015 Policy guidelines tobe pursued by the government

to introduce mobile telecommunication systems of next generation in Mongolia

• 2015 Policy guidelines tobe pursued by the government on usage of Public key infrastructure

• 2016 Policy guidelines tobe pursued by the government on fixed broadband Internet services

• 1939 Telephone station with capacity of 200 users was put into operation

• 1950 Air copper lines • 1960 Central building to provide

telecommunications services was put into operation

• 1973-1975 Connected agricultural brigades through cable and radio communications.

• 1976 Broadband radio raleigh• 1989 Analogue radio raleigh • 1992 Digital technology stations started to be installed• 1993 IDD, DDD call services • 1994 Orbit station of satellite communication was

expanded to become Naran station to start transmitting international calls

• 1995 Privatization of Mongolian Telecommunications Company • 1995 Mobile operator Mobicom, GSM technology • 1998 VSAT system • 1999 Mobile operator Skytel, CDMA technology • 2002 Switch of towards telecommunications facilities to digital technology• 2002 Optic fiber network • 2002 WLL

• 2006 NGN• 2006 First ICT EXPO • 2008 Mobile communications introduced to all soums• 2009 3G services• 2010 Usage of smart phone • 2015 Next generation mobile services–LTE• 2016 Policy directions on telecommunications

interconnectivity and competition

• 1924 Post delivery, by cars • 1924 First postage stamp “Eldev-Ochir” • 1956 Postal delivery, by air

• 1994 Mongol Shuudan, State-owned enterprise • 1994 Structural change separating postal services from

telecommunications • 1981 Postage stamp bureau

• 1995 Private postal company (DHL Mongolia)• 1996 Consolidated Mongol Shuudan company with Mongol Stamp

department.• 2007 Postal Zip code • 2009 Postal digital system (Postnet)

• 2010 Digital system for International Postal Services (ITPS) • 2011 Logistics system for local postal services • 2013 Smart post boxes

• 1934 First radio broadcasting station • 1967 Television program center, Ulaanbaatar city • 1970 Satellite communications Orbit station • 1991 First National television broadcasting throughout the

country (AsiaSat system)

• 1995 First private FM station (102.5) • 1996 Cable television (Sansar CaTV)• 2008 Started transmission of multiple television channels through satellite.

• 2010 Radio and Television broadcasting was switched from C system to Ku frequency system.

• 2011 IP television and triple services introduced. (Univision)• 2015 Тelevision broadcasting system fully switched to

digial technology.

• 1937 Communications college • 1967 Began to train communications engineers in National University of Mongolia (NUM)

• 1972 Polytechnical University was established and Communications department was set up

• 1985 Curricula and training programs on computer and automated system management were introduced at universities.

• 1991 Information technology school was established at Mongolian University of Science and Technology

• 1996 First private University was established (Tsakhim)• 1999 Erdemnet network of education sector • 2001 Information technology training center at MUST

• 2002 Information technology university with foreign investment (Khuree)

• 2007 International Information Technology Training Center (APTECH)

• 2011 Information and communications research and development center

• 1964 International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

• 1964 Universal Postal Union (UPU)

• 1971 International organization of Space Communication Intersputnik

• 1991 Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT)

• 1997 International telecommunication satellite organization Intelsat • 2002 Asia Pacific Postal Union (APPU) • 2005 Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO

AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION

LAWS

POLICYDOCUMENTS

SECTORAL ORGANIZATIONS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

TELECOMMUNI-CATIONS

POST

BROADCASTING

EDUCATION

MEMBER OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

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I. LEGISLATIONS

1.1 LAwS

The draft law on “Broadcasting” has been presented by Communications and Information Technology Authority (CITA) to Parliament of Mongolia in December 2016 after being discussed and approved by Cabinet meeting of Government.

The feasibility study on the requirements and conditions to make amendments to Law on Telecommunications, Law on Post, Law on Radio wave has been carried jointly by CITA, Communications Regulatory Commission (CRC) and other sectorial organizations.

The market for broadcasting in our country has been expanding and developing on daily basis resulting in the need to change requirements for coverage. Currently, there are 84 televisions, which have rights for broadcasting nationwide, 29 televisions have rights for operation in Ulaanbaatar city, 66 television have rights for operation in rural areas, 77 cable channel service providers in Ulaanbaatar city, 8 cable channel service providers in rural areas, 16 multi-channel transmission service providers and cable television service providers in Ulaanbaatar city, 1 satellite multichannel transmission provider, 50 providers in rural areas.

Although, the law on “Public radio and television” has been implemented since 2005, there are certain deficiencies for regulation of activities of these broadcasting license holders, which results in the need of further improving

1.2 REGULATION

1.2.1 PROCEDURE ON REGULATION SERVICES FEE SETTING FOR LICENSEES

The “Procedure on regulation services fee setting for licensees” have been renewed and approved by decree No. A/60 issued by Chairman of CITA.

The current procedure will regulate relationships related to amount of regulation services fees to be charged for regulation services provided to citizens and legal entities - license and registration certificate holders operating in communications and information technology sector.

The procedure has been developed with general direction of keeping amount of regulation service fees as low as possible and with implementing international trends based on regulation expenses when calculating regulation service fees.

In addition, considering that the majority of regulation service fees comprised from regulation of services for radio frequency licenses, the current regulation has been developed to define regulation service fees based on market demand and expenses and independent from expenses, thus providing conditions for effective utilization of radio frequency, which is considered as limited natural resources.

The implementation of current procedure will provide favorable environment for policy regulation in communications and information technology sector, thus serve as a

legal and regulatory environment.

In the current situation, the regulation of matters related to offense against intellectual property rights, imposing responsibilities to citizens and legal entities, which are illegally use services as well as other related relationships are carried out within the “Law on copyright and related to it rights”, “Law on patent”, “Law on trade mark and geographical indications”. Still, there is a need to improve further responsibilities related to intellectual property rights breaches, develop new initiatives and creativity search by authors and producers, introduce fair competition among broadcasters by reducing violations further, specify in detail the roles and responsibilities of the parties and if the case of the breach of intellectual property rights has been established, specify in detail response measures which needs to be taken.

The CITA has been paying detailed attention to above mentioned conditions and requirements, therefore, the draft law on “Broadcasting” has been developed as per regulations and introduced to Government with the purpose of bringing up broadcasting to the worldwide development trends, applicable to national market, introducing effective broadcasting technology and equipment, establish system to support business environment and to provide favorable environment for efficient competition.

starting point for increase of new investments, new services and working places. 1.2.2 PROCEDURE FOR RECORDING

THE INTEGRATED REGISTER OF SPECTRUM ALLOCATION AND PROCEDURE FOR SPECTRUM PLANNING, ALLOTMENT AND ASSIGNMENT

In 2016, renewal two procedures have been approved by the Decree A/58 issued by the Chairman of CITA, as follows: 1. “Procedure for recording the integrated register of radio frequency allocation” 2. “Procedure for planning, allotment and assignment of the radio frequency band”.

These two procedures have been developed for specifying in detail roles and responsibilities of state administration and regulatory organizations as well as to comply with “Radio Regulations” and common management methods issued by ITU-R.

The first procedure aims to regulate the relations for radio frequency allocation of communication service providers, related to records of recent technical and other information, and storage, protection, modification, use and dissemination of such information.

The second procedure aims to regulate the relations for developing, approving, controlling the implementation of National radio frequency planning, delivering proposals to International organizations and usage in accordance with the planning.

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1.2.3 COMMON GUIDELINES FOR OFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION RECORDING IN ELECTRONIC FORM

The “Common guidelines for official documentation recording in electronic form” has been approved by decree 111 of year 2017 issued by Government of Mongolia. These guidelines specified the usage of registration software for official documentation activities at administrative organizations except those related to state confidentiality category; monitor over the organization, acceptance, registration, transmission, exchange and resolution of digital documents; and regulation of organization of common rules for classification and types, registration, storage and security of cases. Organization of activities for official documentation recording and registration in digital format will save time and reduce expenses for postal and stationery expenses for up to 40-80 percent. In the process of developing this regulation, the questionnaires and survey was conducted among 58 organizations, the results of which specified that 54 of these organizations do not use any software for official document recording. To bring an example, the candidate to USA President while serving as State secretary of USA has been using personal email account for official document exchange, the case of which was revealed in 2016. In order to protect from such situations, every official and employee must use official organizational e-mail account for official communication, the administrative organizations should utilize state information network which meet security and protection requirements as well as which ensures

responsible for connecting e-Kiosk machines to state information system, National Data Center planed organization will define technical conditions and requirements, the CITA will approve locations and services to be added to e-Kiosk machines remained unchanged, and new regulation have

1.3 STANDARDS

There are nine new, four revised, four international translated (ISO) and total of 17 standards have been approved and followed in 2016 in ICT sector.

There are over ten objectives and activities specified in ICT policy, it’s implementation plan to develop standartization. We are planning to implement a number of activities, which are aimed to support participation of all parties; improve planning and

information security requirements and such matter are reflected in current regulation. The electronic document must have components imposed for paper-based documents and it will be verified by the digital signature of official representative of organization and those who has a right to stamp and sign documents. This new regulation on handling official documentation in electronic form is being implemented since June 2017.

1.2.4 REGULATION ON UTILIZATION AND SERVICE OF PUBLIC SERVICE E-KIOSK MACHINES

The “Regulation on utilization and service of public service e-Kiosk machines” has been approved by Decree No. A/08 issued by Chairman of CITA in 2017 upon revision.By implementing a system to deliver public services to citizens through e-Kiosk machines which are connected to state information network, the citizens were able to save their money and time, the public services became accessible, easy and transparent, which resulted in the expansion of services. In 2016, over 1.2 million services were provided by e-Kiosk machines, which was 20 percent increase compared to previous year and it can be seen from statistics information.Recently, the government and private organizations purchase e-Kiosk machines through their own funding and expressed their interests to place them in their service areas and working places. This indicates the demand for services provided through the e-Kiosk machine, which in turn requires the need to revise regulation.The previous regulation’s articles that General Intelligence Agency will be

articles on regulation of relationship related to setting up e-Kiosk machines at new locations by private and state-owned organizations, responsibilities for their usage, services, continuous operation and functionality and related relations.

implementation of standards as well as utilization of terms; introduce promotion system and mechanism; support professional consultanty services to develop information technology standartization in other sectors. Morever, we are working at policy level when the development type goals have been set to establish verification laboratories, which require extensive investment and funding.

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Table 1

List of ICT standards approved in 2016

№ Notes Name Brief introduction

New standards

1 MNS 6581:2016

General requirements. The installation works of the fixed information and

communications of residential buildings

This standard has been set to be used selectively and defines general requirements for installation of information communications fixed networks cables at newly constructed buildings.

2 MNS 6587:2016

Requirements on age classification of broadcasting content and use of screen

symbols

This is a mandatory standard of requirements for the use of screen symbols when broadcasted audio, video and content depending on age category.

3MNS 6588:2016

Generic requirements for the installation of flexible fabric inner duct system inside of

information and communica-tions fixed networks’ ducts

This defines technical conditions and requirements for installation of flexible fabric inner duct systems made by maxcell technology at information and communications networks’ ducts.

4 MNS 6589:2016

Generic requirements for the installation of optical fibers’ micro ducts within

information and communica-tions fixed networks

This defines technical requirements for installation of optical fibers micro ducts (micro ducts with thin fiber optic cables) within information and communications fixed networks between cities and within city.

5 MNS 6590:2016

Generic requirements for safe working on radio tower/masts for installing of radio antenna and feeder facilities

This defines general requirements for installation of radio communications antenna, feeder facilities as well as safe working in case of failure, work principles to be followed by engineering and technical staff, technical operation, safe operation and requirements for occupational safety equipment and appliances.

6 MNS 6605:2016

Frequency, distance and frequency separation

spurious emission limit, measurement method for

mobile base station

This defined emission limit and measurement methods to prevent from radiation impact of frequency interconnectivity of mobile base stations’ as well as spurious emission limit and measurement methods to be applied for one station/one service area. Also, it defines methods of calculating radio frequency andspacial separation.

7 MNS 6606:2016The criteria of basic

knowledge in information technology

This defines criteria to assess level of basic knowledge of information technology to be obtained by information technology users, ther indicators and assessment principles. Individials, organizations and legal entities, which operate using information technology can apply this standard at all types to assess and test levels of basic knowledge of information technology.

8 MNS 6607:2016Broadcasting titer content

format requirement

This defines requirements for transmission of verbal and flowing formatted information by broadcasting service providers as well as for their titer format presented on screen. The broadcasting television, channel and multi-channel transmission services providers operating in Mongolia must follow this standard.

9 MNS 6611:2016

Technical requirements of base station and repeater of

LTE and LTE-A mobile communication system

This defines technical requirements for equipment to be used at base stations and repeater station of LTE and LTE-A mobile communications systems of mobile service proviers operating in Mongolia.

Revised standards

10 MNS5592-2:2016Digital TV studio. Part 2: General requirements for

equipment.

Revised general requirements (of 2006) for transmission of television programs, transfer distribution network to digital technology, expansion and digital TV studio.

11 MNS 5884:2016General requirements for

constructing telecommunication towers

This defines general requirements for constructing telecommunications towers. Legal entities and organizations, which newly built and mount telecommunications towers to be used for telecommunications network, mobile communication, radio and televisionbroadcasting must follow this standard.

12 MNS 6275:2016Unified addressing. The

address text requirements

This defined contact information and structure as well as requirements for writing address and defining location, postal addressing and affilation to government, non-government and legal entity to be used nationally and internationally.

13 MNS5591-2:2016Radio studio. Part 2: General requirements for equipment

Renewed 2006 standard and revised general requirements for radio studio equipment in light of transfer of radio and television transmission network to digital technology.

International standards

14MNS ISO/IEC 14443-1:2016

Identification cards contactless integrated circuit

card proximity cards Part 1: Physical characteristics

A set of standards which defined physical characteristics of contactless cards with micro chips (processor).

15MNS ISO/IEC 14443-2:2016

Part 2: Radio frequencypower and signal interfaces

16MNS ISO/IEC 14443-3:2016

Part 3: Initialisation and anti-collision

17MNS ISO/IEC 14443-4:2016

Part 4: Transmission protocol

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POLICY COORDINATION

The State Policy on Development of Information and Communication Technology for 2017-2025 was approved by the Resolution No.47 of the Cabinet of Mongolia, 2017. Within the framework of drafting this policy, CITA conducted the study in all fields of ICTs, organized numerous discussions among government bodies and state-owned organizations, academic, researchers, senior communications experts and private enterprises since 2011, and received open suggestions online. The draft document was submitted to the Parliament once and to the Cabinet twice and this document was developed in conjunction with new laws such as the Law on Development Policy Planning and the General Law on Administration and Sustainable Development Goal 2030 in the world wide.

The State Policy on Development of Information and Communication Technology contains 8 goals aimed at enabling universal accessibility of ICT advancements, developing knowledge-absorbed, high tech and export-oriented national industry, supporting human development and increasing competitiveness within the framework of the main objective to accelerate the development of Mongolia as follows:Goal 1. Тo create favorable environment for the sectorial development by optimizing the legal system and organization of ICT sector;

The policy will be implemented in two stages: mid-term 2017-2020 and long-

№ Goal Criteria Unit Baseline

2016

Targeted level,2020

Targeted level,2025

Information source

1ICT network

and infrastructure

Bandwidth of high speed network connecting Asia

and Europe Gbit/sec 120

10 times increase

80 times increase

Special sectorial study

Capacity of the backbone network connection across

all aimagsGbit/sec 10 100 500

Special sectorial study

High speed broadband network connection at

aimag centersGbit/sec 1 10 20

Special sectorial study

Capacity of soums and settlements

Mbit/sec 155 516 2048Special sectorial

study

2

Innovation, Research and Development

of ICT

A loan guaranteed by intellectual property and

intangible capital

Number of

projects granted

with loan

1 25 50 Bank

Existence of technology experimenting, testing and

certification laboratory Number - - 1 CITA

3

Smart governance

based on ICT advancement

E-service index Index

indicator 0.51 0.57 0.7

UN e-Government questionnaire

Goal 2. Тo set up the national backbone network and infrastructure of ICT which will meet increasing needs and demands of universal ICT services with state support and private partnership;Goal 3. Тo increase ICT service types, accessibilities and quality of services (QoS) based on advanced technology;Goal 4. Тo create an integrated innovation and research-development system in Mongolia by accelerating ICT research-development activities and undertaking measures to set up a scientific technology park;Goal 5. Тo increase competitiveness in the global markets by developing production of ICT products, supporting national digital content and software industry, and introducing ICT in industry automation, control and monitoring; Goal 6. Тo support for investment based on public-private partnership aimed at building a pilot plant to manufacture final products and installing high cost and efficient equipment; Goal 7. Тo protect information security by ensuring national interests and availability, safety, authenticity and wholeness of information of state, citizens and organizations; Goal 8. Тo develop e-Governance by increasing productivity and efficiency of operations of public organizations, enhancing democratic, non-bureaucratic, transparent and accountable status of governance, supporting innovation and improving development of e-Government.

2.1 THE STATE POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, 2017-2025

term 2021-2025, and the following outcomes are expected to be achieved.

Table 2

Criteria to ensure implementation and expected outcomes of the State Policy on Development of ICT sector

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The measures to implement the policy are to be reflected in the Government Action Plan and Annual Guidelines of Socio-economic Development of Mongolia, and funding will be allocated from state and local budgets, foreign loans and assistance, foreign and domestic investment sources.

2.2 POLICY DOCUMENT ON TELECOMMUNICATION INTERCONNECTIVITY AND COMPETITION

The Policy Document on Telecommunication Interconnectivity and Competition approved by the decree A/67 of 2016 of CITA Chairman have started to be implemented. This document defines policy directions and regulatory principles to be pursued in supporting telecommunication interconnectivity and service

With the purpose of developing e-Government in Mongolia and defining main directions to be pursued in regard to hardware and software of the integrated system of exchanging state information, the policy directions to be pursued in the system of exchanging state information were approved by the decree A/61 of CITA Chairman in 2016. Policy directions definer requirements placed on existing system of exchanging state information and on to-be-newly

developed system, hardware and software, their solutions and general architecture of e-Government. By doing so, it is aimed to make and regulate the system of exchanging state information in more optimal and rapid manner, and it is significant for supporting the development of e-Government in Mongolia. The main platform of the Exchanging State information System will be located in the cloud computing infrastructure at National Data Center.

In addition, the state administrative body in charge of ICT is to conduct biannual monitoring and evaluation on the policy implementation, and the report of independent evaluation to be conducted every four years is to be presented to the Government.

competition and distributing limited reserves of telecommunications such as radio frequency and numbering. It was developed based on consideration of the commitments born by Mongolia through international agreements and conventions and in line with World Trade Organization (WTO) GAGs.

2.3 POLICY DIRECTIONS TO BE PURSUED IN THE EXCHANGING STATE INFORMATION SYSTEM

E-participation index Index

indicator 0.71 0.74 0.8

UN e-government questionnaireа

Number of integrated database

Number - - 1 Policy study

Citizens’ digital literacy % 32 50 90 USOF study

4 ICT service

Penetration of households connected to broadband

Internet% 29 50 70 ITU

Penetration of population who uses the Internet

% 27 60 90 ITU

Penetration of active mobile users who

uses next generation technology

% 4.53 40 70 CRC

5ICT

production

High technology and telecommunication

productions and products growth

% 0.02 25 50National

Development Authority

Supply of brand products of national software

companies% 9 20 40 MOSA

Supply of national digital content in mongolian

% 9 25 50 MOSA

6

Enhance the environment

of ICT markets,

investment and

competition

Investment growth rate of ICT sector

% 8 12 20Special sectorial

study

Income growth rate of ICT sector

% 8 12 20Special sectorial

study

7Information

security

Cyber security technical index of ITU

Index indicator

0.83 0.9 1Cyber security survey of ITU

Cyber security cooperation index of ITU

Index indicator

0.63 0.7 0.83Cyber security survey of ITU

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STATISTIC INFORMATION

3.1 INTERNATIONAL RANKING ICT DEVELOPMENT OF MONGOLIA

Five sub-indicators, namely percentage of the population covered by mobile networks /at least 3G and at least LTE/WiMax/,mob i le-broadband Internet traffic per mobile-broadband subscription, fixed-broadband Internet traffic per fixed-broadband subscription, percentage of individuals who own a mobile phone, proportion of individuals with ICT skills have been newly included and ICT development levels of countries are now being calculated based on 14

3.1.1 ICT DEVELOPMENT INDEX /IDI/

The 14th Symposium of World Telecommunications Statistics Indicators, which is organized once in four years by International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has issued a crucial resolution on “Information and communications technology development index” which defines the levels of information and communications technology worldwide

and countries to support and reflect current rapid development.Among indexes, which are calculated based on 11 indicators divided into three clusters, namely, access, use and skills, two indexes were removed such as fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants and mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.

Table 3

ICT Development Index

Indicatorsworld

averageAsia Pacific

averageMongolia

2016 2015Development priorities 90 93ICT development index 4.94 4.58 4.95 4.54

IDI Access sub-index 5.58 5.18 5.12 4.77Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 14.34 11.00 8.75 7.9Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

98.61 93.00 104.96 105.1

International internet bandwidth per Internet user (Bit/s)

61.030 34.811 159.595 121.819

Percentage of households with computer 45.63 36.00 42.60 32.1Percentage of households with Internet access 49.03 36.00 24.50 20.8

IDI use sub-index 3.91 3.53 3.64 2.97Percentage of individuals using the Internet 43.83 38.20 21.44 19.9Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100inhabitants

11.21 8.90 7.12 6.8

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 in-habitants

44.17 37.70 76.02 57.6

IDI skills sub-index 5.74 5.48 7.23 7.23Mean years of schooling 8.30 7.76 9.28 9.28Secondary gross enrolment ratio 82.97 81.22 90.72 90.72Tertiary gross enrolment ratio 37.61 33.22 64.27 64.27

FIgure 1, ICT Development Indicators of Mongolia

indicators. According to the survey on levels of ICT development worldwide and by countries in 2016, Mongolia is listed in 90 among 175 countries, improving in ranking compared to previous year.The 7 indexes of 34 countries Asian Pacific region are kept previous year’s level and 15 countries are decreased. Although the ICT index has increased for Mongolia, the use sub-index stays lower than the World average.

As it can be seen from above Figure, Mongolia has improved in ICT development ranking by three points and 0.41 points for the index in last one

year. However, skills sub-index remain the same without change compared to previous year.

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development index in 2003, occupied 73%, currently this has been reduced to 51% and the number of countries.

Figure 2, Comparison of ICT development index of Mongolia with worldwide and regional average

Figure 3, e-Government indexes of Mongolia -2016

Table 4Comparison of e-Government development index

Indicators Mongolia world average Regional average

Development priorities 84-Government development index 0.5194 0.4922 0.5132

Online service index /ОSI/ 0.5145 0.4623 0.5120Telecommunication infrastructure index /TII/

0.2841 0.3711 0.3730

Human capital index /HCI/ 0.7597 0.6432 0.6545

As it can be seen from above Figure, some of our country’s indicators are higher than world and Asia Pacific countries averages, especially Internet broadband, mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants and gross enrolment in tertiary level of education indexes are much higher than of international average. However, on the percentage of households with Internet, Mongolia’s indicators are lower by 25.0 points by world average, which might depend on many reasons, such as population, size of territory, technology progress in other countries, development growth, etc. 3.1.2 E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT

INDEX /EGDI/

The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of United Nations conducts “E-government” survey once in two years since 2001 on readiness and capacity of government organizations to deliver public services to citizens

using advancement of ICT and defines the level of e-government development. The current e-Government survey, 2016 has been conducted among 193 countries-members of United Nations, as part of “e-Government for Sustainable Development” topic in relation to approval of “Sustainable Development Goal-2030” by historic high-level UN Meeting held in September 2015.Compare to times when first studies on e-Government were conducted, the e-Government indicators increased very fast for past 15 years. Specifically, there were only 10 countries in 2003, which had “very high” e-Government development index at 0.75-1.0 and now there are 29 countries reached this level. There is much difference between 2003 and present some public services delivered electronically by 193 countries members of UN. At that time, only 10 percent of 191 countries (18 countries) have introduced e-Government. The countries, which were in category “low” and “medium” on e-Government

with the good level of e-Government development has increased

Although, the e-Government development index of Mongolia in 2016 is 0.5194, which is ranked 84 among 193 countries and by development fits into a high-level category, however, the human capital index has been reducing in comparison with previous years.Though five indicators used for calculating telecommunications infrastructure index have been steadily

increasing, the number of mobile-cellular users per 100 inhabitants have rapid growth from 2010 (35.8%) to 2014 (120.7%) but compared with 2016, it shows decrease by 20%, which may be related to the fact that the users prefer to select services of operator company most needed for themselves rather than using services of several operator companies.

e-Government (2016 EGDI:0.5194)2016 Ranking 842014 Ranking 65Change +19

e-Participation (2016 EPART:0.5194)2016 Ranking 392014 Ranking 30Change +9

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3.1.3 E-PARTICIPATION INDEX /EPI/

The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of United Nations defined “e-Participation” as “the process of engaging citizens through ICTs in policy development, decision-making, service design and service delivery and listen to their opinions”.

Participatory decision and it’s process have expanded all over the world thanks to the use of e-information provision, e-consultation, and e-decision-making.

At the same time, considering the fact that more than 40 percent of the world’s population lack of Internet access, 2016 survey stated that this creates uncertainty for e-participation and future trends.

The e-participation index has been added to “e-survey” index, which looks at the interdependence between three levels, namely, e-information, e-consultation and e-decision-making and measures the direct involvement of citizens.

Mongolia has been ranked at 39 out of 193 countries and is included among top 50 countries.

3.1.4 NETWORKED READINESS INDEX

/NRI/

In the current situation, when ICT serves as a tool for social and economic development of world countries, the different organizations such as ITU, World Bank, UN conduct surveys on ICT development and inform public on results. One of these is the “Networked Readiness Index” survey conducted by World Economic Forum, which shows how economic competitiveness skill of countries is improved based on ICT.

Mongolia is ranked at 57th amongst 139 countries in 2016 by this indicator.

Figure 4. Comparison of Mongolian NRI with highest and lowest world ten pillars by indicator intervals.

Table 5

Networked Readiness Indicator of Mongolia at world level

Indicator Rank Point

“Networked readiness” index 57 4.3

Environment sub-index 58 4.1

Readiness sub-index 44 5.3

Usage sub-index 71 3.9

Impact sub-index 60 3.8

The countries are assessed by four sub-indicators, namely environment, readiness, usage, and impact; 53 indicators of ten pillar indexes and given scores between 1-7.

Compare to 2015 scores, Mongolia has improved by 0.1-0.2 scores in both environment and usage sub-indexes, and readiness and impact sub-indexes remained unchanged. The results show that as per ten pillar indexes, Mongolia has improved in five indexes by 0.1-0.4 scores, but reduced in government usage and skills indexes by 0.1 scores.

3.2 NATIONAL ICT STATISTICS

3.2.1 MOBILE AND FIXED TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS

The number of active subscribers of mobile communications in Mongolia has increased by 10% in comparison with the same time last year, and by the repeated number, it has reached 3,4 million out of which 3,1% are subscribers of new type of “paired payment service” which combines

post-paid and pre-paid services, 85,7% subscribers of pre-paid service, and 11,2% subscribers of post-paid services.A number of subscribers of the new type of fixed communications IPTV has increased by 4,6%, which influenced on the total growth of fixed communications services to reach 0,9%.

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Figure 5. Number of subscribers of mobile and fixed communications, in thousands 195 countries by a number of active mobile broadband subscriptions per

100 inhabitants; the 71st place out of 146 countries by a number of

3.2.3 TRANSMISSION NETWORK The telecommunications backbone network of Mongolia covers 299 soums in 21 aimags and is comprised of 36,760 km of the fiber optic network, totaling more than 3,000 km and 86 stations of analogy radio relay network and 249 stations of digital technology radio relay lines and VSAT satellite network.Information Communications network (ICN) state-owned company, Mobicom Corporation, Railcom Business Service Center, Gemnet and Skynetworks are operate in the telecommunications market using those 4 types of transmission systems and deliver their services to Ulaanbaatar city, aimags, soums and settlements.Mongolia is connected with more than 195 countries by Intelsat, APSTAR-5 space communications, fiber optic and radio relay transmission networks.

65% of the world population or 4,8 billion people are mobile communication subscribers out of which 3,8 billion people have smartphones and Mongolia occupies 0,6%. As of now, the number of smartphone subscribers have increased by 22% and reached to 2,3 million people.

3.2.2 INTERNET

95% of the world population or 7 billion people reside in areas with the mobile communications network, out of which 53% or 4 billion people have been connected to 4G/LTE network in the past 3 years.

The number of fixed internet subscribers has increased by 9% reaching 330 million people in the last years.

In Mongolia, there are 60 entities with the license to provide internet services, and 90% of the population is connected to 3G and 4G mobile networks resulting on a number of internet subscribers reach 2,6 million people which is an increase of 10% in comparison with the previous year. 2,4 million people

or 91,5% are subscribers of mobile communications and 226,1 thousand people of fixed communications.

At the global level, the total Internet bandwidth is 185 thousand Gbit/sec. In Mongolia, the total Internet bandwidth reached 100 Gbit/sec, which indicates an increase of 62,6% in comparison with 2015.

1,5% of fixed Internet subscribers in Mongolia is connected with speed over 10 Mb/sec, and 98,4% - 256 Kb/sec-10 Mb/sec. In other countries, the situation is similar with the majority of subscribers or 8-80% being connected to the Internet with the speed of 256 Kb/sec-10Mb/sec.

The data of subscribers by connection type shows that 90% of all subscribers are connected to the network using wireless communications technologies. According to the report of ITU and UN Broadband Committee, in 2016, Mongolia placed on the 94th place out of 195 countries by a number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; the 33rd place out of

3.2.4 RADIO AND TELEVISION

The number of subscribers of TV multi-channeled transmission service has increased by 9.7% in comparison with the same time in 2016 reaching 796,6 thousand. 57% of total subscribers are in Ulaanbaatar city, and 43% are in rural areas.

A number of subscribers of Internet protocol-based TV multi-channeled service were more than 130 million people internationally according to the statistics of 2015. As for Mongolia, this indicator has increased by 16.2% compare to 2015 reaching 189.3 thousand users. Statistical data of recent years shows that subscribers prefer triple service (IPTV+VOIP+Internet) over Internet protocol based TV multi-channeled services. As of now, triple service subscribers constitute 92,4% of total subscribers.

Figure 6. Number of internet subscribers, by technologies

households with Internet access in developing countries; and the 138th place out of 195 countries by indicator of individuals using the Internet.

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Figure 9. The 5 most sought services by citizens, by quarters

Figure 8. Percentage of services in revenue of postal services

Figure 7. Number of TV multi-channeled service subscribers, by service types

3.2.5 POST

In 2016, there are 52 legal entities and organizations with the license of postal service, which are operating in Mongolia. At the global level, domestic postal service constitutes nearly 98% of all postal services, and the rest – international postal services. However,

were first introduced in 2013, there were 9 types and the total of 97.7 thousand services was provided. In 2016, seven services were added, totaling to 21 types and 1.2 million of services provided to citizens.In 2013, the citizen’s ID cards inquiries and certificate of residence comprised

in our country, total 1,7 million packages were mailed, and 384,3 thousand received packages or 22,6% were delivered through international postal services. As of 2015, at the global level, the share of revenues from the letter post services in the total revenue of postal services was 41,4%, revenue from postal parcels and logistical services-20,5%, revenue from postal financial services-17,3%, and revenue from other services-21,8%.For Mongolia, revenue generated from express post, postal parcels, and logistical services increased in last year, and according to 2016, it constituted 44% of total revenue.However, postal financial services, which are intensively developing at the global level, is not developed in our country due to lack of legal regulations.

70-80 percent of all services. Considering that these services still maintain that ratio nowadays, it can be reported that this most demanded and required services for citizens have been brought closer to citizens thus resulting in reduced load at government organizations.

3.2.6 PUBLIC SERVICES (E-KIOSK MACHINES)

The e-Kiosk machine is one of the activities implemented within framework of digitalization of public

services. Ulaanbaatar city and 30 in rural areas, a total of 108 public services e-Kiosk machines are in operation throughout the country.When public services e-Kiosk machines

If compared to the time when e-Kiosk machines were introduced, 5 percent of services were originated in rural areas, which is now increased by seven times reaching 35%. When looking

through services provided in rural areas, the e-Kiosk machines are highly used by citizens in Erdenet, Dornogiv and Darkhan aimags.

Figure 10. Location of 30 highly demanded e-Kiosk machines (urban and rural)

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Figure 12. Percentage of service types in sectorial revenue 4

There were 9321 calls received related to 78 e-Kiosk machines of Ulaanbaatar city, out of which the highest requests and suggestions (27.1%) were related to simple inquiry and services, 12.1% related to normal operation of e-Kiosk machines, 9.5% were related to complaints on swallowed citizens ID cards or bank cards.

There are in average 26.5 thousand inquiries and services weekly from 108 e-Kiosk machines throughout Mongolia.

An income of 1.3 billion tugriks was generated from e-Kiosk machines services, out of which 308.5 million tugriks have been centralized into the local budget income of Metropolitan Transportation Department.

3.2.7 HUMAN RESOURCES

There were 18.1 thousand people working in communications and information technology sector by the end of 2016, which comprised about 1.6% of total number of employees of Mongolia.

Although there is a positive that the number of employees this sector has increased by 11.1% compared to previous year, the average salary has been decreased by 5% and by 5.6% at the national level.

There were 43 people, who have become specialized engineers and consulting engineers in 2016, having fulfilled requirements for professional certification by attending training at School of Information and Communications Technology of Mongolian University of Science and Technology organized yearly.

Currently, about 60% of all consulting and specialized engineers receive professional certification bonuses

the TOPCIT information technology practice and skill assessment tests. The right to organize this test in Mongolia has been received in 2016 and two tests were conducted as a pilot, which was attended by 38 people. In May 2017, when official tests were commissioned, over 90 people have participated in this test.

3.2.8 ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The total revenue, investment, and funds accumulated in the state budget for the ICT sector is increasing from year to year. It can be seen that the increasing tendency is dependent on a number of factors such as the economic situation of the country, changes in foreign currency and exchange rates and living standards of citizens.

in accordance with Labor law and reflected in collective agreement (average 10-20%).

Both National IT Park (NITP) and CITA with other organizations have localized the following three types of information technology test, which defines levels of specialists and issues certificate:

1. Information Technology Engineering tests

The Japanese information technology engineering tests, accepted in 12 Asian countries have been introduced and localized since 2006. Currently, there are 1583 people, who have participated in 22 tests and 155 persons received certificates.

The person, who is scored highest on test results, receives an opportunity to learn about the leading ICT companies in Japan, participate in training and seminars, other great opportunities, etc.

2. ICDL /International Computer Driving License/

Since 2016, the NITP has started localization of ICDL tests, which is organized in 150 countries worldwide to assess information technology practice and skills. The first tests were conducted and 2 persons were tested on 4 modules, resulting in 75% performance and receiving certificates.

3. TOPCIT (Test of Practical Competency in ICT)

One of the important factors to develop ICT sector is to prepare human resources, define IT knowledge level of citizens and verification. Currently, the CITA and National IT Park are working with Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion of Korea (IITP) to introduce

Figure 11. Economic indicators of the sector, in billion tugrugs

In 2016, the total revenue of the sector reached 965,0 billion tugrugs which shows an increase of 3,3% in comparison with the same time of previous year. Revenue from mobile communication service which constitutes more than 50% of the total revenue reduced by 1,2% in comparison with the previous year while revenue from IPTV and Internet wholesale services increased by 1,4-2,3%.

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COOPERATION

4.1 CONFERENCE OF EXECUTIVES

The conference of executives of the ICT sector was held on February 2017, and it was attended by 115 executives from central and rural units of CITA, CRC, Mongol Post, Mongolian Telecom, Information Communication Network Company, Mongolian Radio and Television Broadcasting Network and National Data Center who discussed “State Policy on Development of ICT”, current status and trends of ICT policy and regulation.During the conference, the executives were informed that CITA announced the year of 2017 as an “Year to improve legal environment of the sector” and the information have been provided on

the draft Law on Broadcasting presented to the Parliament in December 2016 as well as draft laws on Telecommunications, Post and Radio frequency and the national programs such as “Mongolian content”, “e-Government”, “Information security”, “Universal digital literacy” and “High-speed broadband network” According to the presentations made during the conference, some of statistics information were presented such as 304 soums out of 336 soums of Mongolia are connected through fiber optic, and the transmission of Internet transit flow of 100 Gbit/sec conforms to 0,2% of the integrated connection of Asia-Europe.

Picture 1. Participants of the conference of executives

4.2 E-GOVERNMENT EVENTS

4.2.1 GOVTECH-FORUM ON E-GOVERNMENT

The first “Gov-Tech-Forum on e-Government” was organized on October 2016 in Ulaanbaatar city with the purpose of introducing solutions and practices of e-Government to public servants and increasing their understanding and IT knowledge on

e-Government. The forum was co-organized by CITA and Mongolian Software Industry Association and more than 20 presentations were made, of which the presentation on “Current status of e-Government” by CITA drew the highest interest among the audience.

The Cabinet Secretariat of the Government, CITA, and the Mongolian Software industry association co-organized the second forum GovTech-e-Government on April 2017. The forum was attended by more than 150 public servants and specialists from the private sector, and the fact, that the representatives of global brands such as CISCO and ORACLE came to this event and made presentations, have expanded the scope of the forum.The forum was comprised of two parts: the workshop with presentations and the exhibition. Within 4 topics of workshop - state information system, infrastructure, state data

management and information security, the presentations on “Policy on the development of e-Government in Mongolia”, “State information system”, “e-Government solutions”, “Information management” and “Information security during e-transfer” were made by representatives of foreign and national organizations and discussions were held.During the e-Government exhibition, IT professionals, decision makers, and end-users were engaged to share knowledge and information on modern development trends as well as public servants were introduced to solutions displayed in the exhibition,

Picture 2. First forum GovTech- e-Government

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and the exhibition served to create an environment to select solutions best suited to their organizations and to establish cooperation with companies offering solutions. In addition to national solution providers, the exhibition was

“Implementation of e-Government”, and “e-Governance at the local level ”and participants exchanged their opinions on above topics.

This training was organized among officials from units responsible for policy planning and information technologies of public organizations

attended by internationally recognized solution providers, which created opportunities for forum participants to learn about experiences and modern solutions.

Picture 3. The second GovTech-e-Government forum

4.2.2 TRAINING ON “E-GOVERNANCE: INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES”

On March 2017, the Cabinet Secretariat of the Government and CITA in cooperation with the e-Governance Academy of Estonia organized the training workshop on “e-Governance: International best practices” in Ulaanbaatar, which was funded by “Smart Government” project established by the Government of Mongolia and the International Development Association of the World Bank.

This training was aimed to learn from and share real examples and best practices of other countries on creating the legal environment necessary to introduce e-Government, developing architecture and design, using of e-signature and e-services and

ensuring information security. Among presenters, there were Arvo Ott, Executive Director of the e-Governance Academy of Estonia, Liia Hanni, Senior Expert, Margus Puua, Senior Expert, Annela Kiirats, Head of e-Governance Trainings, and Raul Rikk, Head of Cyber Security Domain, who shared about issues and experiences needed to be considered in e-Government.

During the training, the presentations on “Benefits of e-Society and of e-Government”, “e-Government Architecture and Digital Identity”, “Security aspects for Electronic Identification and Digital Signing”, “Introduction to different e-Government services in practice, using interoperable digital environment and secure digital ID”, “National Cyber Security”, “System security for data exchange ”,

and attended by more than 150 participants, who were provided with new information on outcomes and importance of e-Government, international best practices and impact occurring in public operations.

During the training, CITA and the e-Governance Academy of Estonia signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation”.

Picture 5. B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, and Arvo Ott, Executive Director of Academy of e-Governance of Estonia.

Picture 4. Participants of training on “e-Governance: International best practices”

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4.3 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS 4.3.2 “CANSAT-2016”

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION IN AMATEUR SATELLITE LAUNCH

An international competition “CanSat” traditionally organized by CITA on annual basis was held in the area of the Air military division of Nalaikh district on September 2016. This competition which is organized under the auspices of Prime Minister of Mongolia has been expanding every year to become an international competition, and Mongolian students from the National University of Mongolia, the Mongolian University of Science and Technology and the University of Defense competed with teams from Turkey and Indonesia.

One of the indications that “CanSat” competition is expanding and quality is improving can be seen from the visit of Professor Egemen Ozalp, Deputy Secretary General of the APSCO, and Su Kun (Susan), Expert of Department

4.3.1 BOARD MEETING OF THE INTERSPUTNIK INTERNATION-AL ORGANIZATION OF SPACE COMMUNICATIONS

Within the framework to implement “Program on national satellite” approved by the resolution No.137 of the Government of Mongolia (2012), the international cooperation plays an important role for Mongolia to launch a national satellite in the near future, own a distributed space location, obtain international recognition for this location and strengthening capacity of human resources in space studies.

To expand relations and cooperation with international organizations of space studies and other countries, the delegation headed by B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, attended the 44th session of the Board and the 19th session of Operations Committee of the Intersputnik International Organization of space communications as well as the event related to the celebration of the 45th anniversary of this organization, which were held in 15-16 November 2016 in Moscow, Russian Federation.

Intersputnik was established by the initiative of the former USSR in 1971 with the membership of 9 countries Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Cuba, Mongolia and Democratic Germany, and since then it has been expanded to have 26 member states.

During the meeting, participants discussed coordination of activities implemented in the reported period with strategic objectives and long-term policies of the Intersputnik and implementation of main business goals set forth within the framework of the program to develop an international system of satellites, and were presented with the operational and financial reports for 2015 as well as the report of Director General. Also, discussions were held on challenges related to the operations of the organization, approving its technical and financial policies, and defining the percentage of dividends to be distributed to member states.

Furthermore, during his visit, B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, had a meeting with Rashid Ismailov, Deputy Minister for Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, and expressed the interest to intensify cooperation of two countries in ICT sector, developing human resources and exchanging experiences. As a result of the meeting, the Russian side expressed their readiness to cooperate with Mongolia on strengthening sectorial human resources, supporting a project of national satellite of space communications, increasing the flow of transit network of fiber optic connecting Asia and Europe, and developing e-Governance.

of Education, Training and Database Management

Professor Egemen Ozalp stated that “Providing support to space studies to member-states on using space for peaceful purpose is the main objective of our organization, and we are happy that the event being organized by Mongolia is in line with our objectives.”

“APIS” team of the Technical University of Istambul, Turkey, became a winner of the competition, and “NUMSAT-1” team of the National University of Mongolia came to the second showing that skills and capacity of Mongolian students are at the high international level.

DDISH TV, MonCable, New-Terraworks and Isatcom companies operating in the ICT sector sponsored the competition and supported participating teams.

Picture 6. Participants of “CanSat-2016” competition

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4.3.3 VISIT OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ASIA PACIFIC SPACE COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

The Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization is mandated to expand the cooperation towards increasing benefits of space studies in the Asia Pacific region and strengthen capacity in the field of space science, space technology and application. The delegation led by Dr. Li Xinjun, Secretary General of APSCO, paid an

APSCO Council Chairman is appointed on the rotary basis from member-countries for the term of two years, and during the 11th session of APSCO

official visit to Mongolia on April 2017, to get acquainted with the activities of ICT sector and to expand cooperation.

During the visit, B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, had a meeting with the delegation and expressed the appreciation to APSCO for continuous support in strengthening human resources of the sector to enable implementation of the objectives outlined in “National satellite” program.

The Chairman of CITA expressed his opinions to the head of the delegation on further strengthening cooperation between two organizations in the field of organizing training on the radio frequency of telecommunications satellite, involving member-countries in specialized training and programs, and expanding events targeted at students and children with the purpose of promoting activities of APSCO and making them publicly available.

The delegation of APSCO presented on activities of the organization, its objectives, rules and regulations on membership, relevant budget and financial systems and their methodologies. Due to the fact that CITA Chairman representing Mongolia is to chair the APSCO Council meeting in 2017-2019, the recommendations on future activities to implement, roles, responsibilities, and participation of the Board Chairman were provided and opinions exchanged.

Council to be held in September 2017 in Teheran, Iran, Chairman of CITA will assume the charge of this position.

4.4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

4.4.1 WORKSHOP ON “IT AUDITING SYSTEM AND CREATING LEGAL ENVIRONMENT”

On February 2017, CITA, CRC and Mongolian Software Industry Association (MOSA) jointly organized the workshop on “IT auditing system and creating a legal environment” at the National IT Park with the purpose of discussing legal environment and regulation of IT auditing in Mongolia and defining ways to create auditing system.

There are a number of issues faced in our country to develop information technology auditing such as the legal environment to develop IT auditing has not been created, existing auditors are not united into an organization, there is a lack of skilled and certified human resources to do IT and information security auditing (CISA–Certified information system auditor is the only internationally recognized certification issued by ISACA of the USA), and audited organizations internally have conflicting understandings on IT auditing.

The organizers facilitated active discussions of presentations and information, and in order to make the workshop productive and meaningful, they drafted the recommendations, which were deliberated and validated by participants, and the plan of measures to implement those recommendations is being currently developed.

4.4.2 “SILICON HOUSE” PROJECT

By the way of supporting the knowledge-based economic development, the Government of Mongolia has implemented “Silicon house” project at the National IT Park in 2014 and this project has become a comprehensive creation of a mini version of “Silicon Valley”, the epicenter of global leading IT companies.Within the framework of the project, an information center with more than 3,000 specialized books and textbooks on IT, a training center, a laboratory for developing embedded system and a content producing computer vision laboratory were newly established, and the opportunities to develop real products from new ideas and experimenting to print blueprints in 3D were created. The National IT Park has been implementing numerous projects and programs such as the program “From 100 to 1,000” aimed at increasing a number of Mongolian young people working in global companies such as Google, Facebook and Microsoft from more than 100 up to 1,000 people; monthly contests “Silicon house pitch Mongolia” aimed at equipping participants with skills to introduce business ideas to targeted audience in a short period of time and optimally as well as to attract investors; a series of meetings “Raising one billion from zero” and “Mongolian innovation”

Picture 7. B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman and the delegation led by Dr. Li Xinjun, Secretary General of APSCO

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aimed at sharing experiences of start-up companies who succeeded in attracting foreign and domestic investment, and training sessions on electronic automation “Creators of Future” aimed at preparing children and adolescents of age of 8-22 years old to become future inventors and engineers.

4.4.3 START-UP BUSINESS

With the aim to develop ecosystems for the start-up business, the National IT Park has implemented multi-faceted activities to support establishment of many start-up businesses in Mongolia, intensifying ICT development, enhancing skills of sectorial human resources and disseminating innovation culture, and as a result, nearly 80% of companies operating in ICT sector has been supported and incubated through these activities.

Internationally, the global ecosystems of start-up businesses are assessed in the score range of 1-10 by 5 indicators such as skills, density, culture, finance and legislation according to the methodology developed by international Texstars company.

According to the study conducted by “Start-up Mongolia” NGO in 2016, ecosystems in our country were assessed at 2,9 for skills; 3,7 for density; 4,7 for culture; 3,1 for finance and 3,2 for legislature. As it can be seen, the ecosystems of start-up businesses in Mongolia are currently at the beginning stage of development, and they need to be provided with special attention.

The business incubator of the National IT Park provides working spaces for start-up companies to develop their innovative and advanced IT ideas into economically efficient products

of a digital signature is a set of infrastructure integration of trust at a high level and people, policies, guidelines, and technologies, which ensure the secure environment of the process. PKI was completed in 2017, thus creating technical possibilities to use a digital signature nationwide.

Mongolian national root Certification Authority (CA) for PKI is state-owned, and it operates in e-environment at the address https://www.esign.gov.mn. The distribution of e-signatures will be done based on the national root CA, which is equipped with necessary infrastructure and entitled to certify public key of the organization which issues digital signature certificates. CA is the primary and the only certification organization which is authorized self-verification. The operations and security of this organization are managed by the National Data Center.

In March 2017, the Agency of State Property Policy and Coordination has become the first organization to introduce digital signatures in its operations, and a number of organizations such as the General Office of Social Insurance, the General Taxation Office and the IT Department of the capital city have also introduced

digital signatures.

4.4.5 “KHUR” STATE INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEM

The development of the system to exchange state information as an independent product and service is the foundation to develop e-government in Mongolia. The specialists of CITA and National Data Center are developing “KHUR”

and services, renders comprehensive management support and assistance, aims to help them to become sustainable in both financially and operationally, competitive in foreign and domestic markets as well as highly profitable.

The business incubator has organized 30 enrollments, provided incubation services to 113 start-up businesses, and 62 companies have successfully graduated.

With the aim to support introduction of intellectual property into economic circulation, the National IT Park has created infrastructure and the system for introduction into manufacturing industry, commercialization, and technology transfer of intellectual property produced by individuals, academic organizations and universities. By doing so, the favorable environment to manage, monitor, improve and promote operations of intellectual property system is created. As of now, the National IT Park has acquainted with 87 intellectual properties evaluated by the Mongolian University of Science and Technology, and it has started operations to put them into economic circulation.

4.4.4 DIGITAL SIGNATURE

A digital signature is an e-data containing words, letters, numbers, and pictures which is attached or enclosed into an e-document with the purpose of identifying an entity who signed an e-document and is a type of e-signature as part of e-document which is created through cryptographic conversion of information using a private key of signature with the purpose of protecting from counterfeiting or changing an e-document.

The public key infrastructure (PKI)

system of exchanging state information within the framework to implement the Resolution No. 159 of the Government of Mongolia on “Approving guidelines to create and use state e-database” (2017).

“KHUR” system of exchanging state information is aimed to set up an independent system of exchanging state information in Mongolia and to make information exchanging operations between public organizations rapid and simplified, and it is based on open source platform with “Enterprise Service Bus” architecture.

It is important to clearly define the basic requirements for public organizations to connect into the system of exchanging state information, and, as the first step, the document on technical specifications of information transfer component has been drafted.

4.4.6 INTEGRATED PLATFORM OF PUBLIC SERVICES

The National Data Center is developing the integrated platform of public services with the purpose of resolving multi-staged services of state organizations with one system and making public services more rapid, operative and red tape free upon using IT advancements.

By introducing this system, citizens who want to use public service would not be required to collect documents and inquiries related to accessing the service, which will save their time and budget money and will create conditions for citizens to access public services in rapid, operative and red tape free manner.

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4.5.1 THE 26TH CONGRESS OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION

B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, Ts.Gantugs, Director of Space Communications

4.4.7 MONGOLIAN INTERNET EXCHANGE

The Mongolian Internet Exchange is the network infrastructure between Internet service providers with the purpose of exchanging domestic Internet traffic. By connecting to exchange equipment, the Internet Service Providers (ISP) and users will have opportunities to exchange data and information with no speed limit and by high speed locally (nationwide).

4.4.8 SMART EQUIPMENT REGISTRATION SYSTEM

The usage by citizens of different types of smart gadgets besides their mobile phones which leads to the increase nationwide of the number of users of smart gadgets such as laptops, tablets and mobile phones, which also leads to increasing number of thefts and robbery.

According to the study produced by the General Police Office, out of more than 16,000 crimes registered in Ulaanbaatar city in 2015, 883 of them were related to mobile phones. Among victims of these crimes, 546 citizens lost their mobile phones to thieves, 146 were robbed of mobile phones, mobile phones of 28 were snatched, and 89 were swindled. The National Data Center is working to implement a solution to terminate such negative happenings which are occurring along with development. It is the integrated registration system of smart gadgets aimed to address many issues in coherent manner such as reducing the number of crimes related to smart gadgets, terminating sales and pawning of crime-originated gadgets, improving information exchange between mobile operators, Internet service providers and police, and saving time and economies of citizens.

Division of CITA, S.Adiyasuren, CRC Chairman and CEO, and B.Myagmarnaran, Director of International and Public Affairs Division of CRC, represented Mongolia in the 26th Congress of Plenipotentiaries of the Universal Postal Union held on September 2016, in Istanbul, Turkey.

The congress organized once in four years at the level of ICT ministers was attended by more than 2,000 representatives of 192 countries and international organizations to discuss the current and future status of postal sector, international trends, challenges, problems and solutions of the sector. Furthermore, the congress addressed a

number of important issues such as the assessment over the implementation of objectives reflected in the Postal Strategy approved by Doha Congress in 2012, and the approval of new strategic objectives of the world postal sector for 2017-2020 and the Plan of actions to implement them.

During the Congress, the representatives of our country had opportunities to face-to-face meetings with Bishar A.Hussein, UPU Director General, Pascal Clivaz, UPU Deputy Director General and Hiaoli Fu, UPU Asia Pacific Coordinator. During this meeting, the Director General Bishar Hussein highly appraised Mongolia for honoring its commitments as a member-country of UPU and presented the “Golden Certificate” award of UPU to “Mongol Post” company.

Picture 8. Illustration of integrated platform of public services 4.5 POST

Picture 9. Participants of the 26th Congress of Plenipotentiaries of UPU

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4.6.3 SERIES OF TRAINING ON “CHILD PROTECTION IN CYBER ENVIRONMENT”

The CITA organized a series of training aimed at educating students of secondary schools about proper use of smartphones and e-gadgets, protecting and preventing from cybercrime attacks and supporting proper consumption. A series of training on “Child protection in cyber environment” was organized in cooperation with the National Center for psychiatric health, the Education Department of the capital city and

4.6.1 ICT-EXPO

The 10th ICT EXPO-2016 was organized on May 2016 at Misheel Expo center within the framework of celebrating the 95th anniversary of the establishment of the modern ICT sector in Mongolia and the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day. The exhibition was organized under the slogan “Unlimited opportunities” with the participation of 73 organizations from government and private sector as well as 2 foreign organizations. A number of interesting activities were organized during this event, such as contests to test cleverness and prowess of visitors, performances by famous artists and the “Start-Up Weekend” event aimed at supporting start-up entrepreneurs to define trends of the ICT sector.In addition, “ICT AWARDS-2016” ceremony with nominations such as best technology, service, idea, solution, and product was organized whereas 27 organizations nominated their products and services, and the following organizations were selected as the best: LTE-4G network of UNITEL Group as Best technology;• Rural infrastructure service of

G-Mobile LLC as Best service;• Face recognition system of

Moncable LLC as Best idea;• Mogul box system of ITZone LLC

as Best solution;

• LOOK TV service of UNITEL Group as Best product;

• Skytel Group as Best participant;• National IT Park as Proactive

participant; and• Mobicom Corporation as Best of

the Best participant.

4.6.2 NATIONAL TRAINING WORKSHOP ON ICT STATISTICS

On the occasion of the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day, the CITA, in cooperation with the International Telecommunications Union, organized the training “National training workshop on ICT statistics” on May 2017 in the conference hall of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. This training was organized for the first time in the field of statistics of the ICT sector, and it featured with content and topics of high demands, needs, and expectations.Wisit Atipayakoon, Regional Coordinator of ITU, Esperanza Magpantay, Senior Statistician, and Hock Eng Koay, Consultant, made interesting presentations on ICT development index, partnership for ICT development, best practices of other countries in regulating statistical operations, data collection, dissemination methods and procedure, Big data as parameter of information society and ways of using it.

the Criminal Police Department in 3 categories with representation of students of middle and senior grades, parents and teachers of the school No.16 of Sukhbaatar district of the capital city. Nearly 350 students of middle and senior grades, about 100 parents, and approximately 50 teachers were involved in the training. Further on, it is planned to continue to organize training according to the plan among students of middle and senior grades, their teachers and parents.

4.6 PUBLIC EVENTS Picture 10. During the training “National training workshop on ICT statistics”

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FIGURESFigure 1 ICT Development indicators of MongoliaFigure 2 Comparison of ICT development index of Mongolia with worldwide and regional averageFigure 3 e-Government indexes of Mongolia-2016Figure 4 Comparison of Mongolian NRI with highest and lowest world ten pillars by indicator intervalsFigure 5 Number of subscribers of mobile and fixed communications, in thousands Figure 6 Number of internet subscribers, by technologiesFigure 7 Number of TV multi-channeled service subscribers, by service typesFigure 8 Percentage of services in revenue of postal servicesFigure 9 The 5 most sought services by citizens, by quartersFigure 10 Location of 30 highly demanded e-Kiosk machines (urban and rural) Figure 11 Economic indicators of the sector, in billion tugrugsFigure 12 Percentage of service types in sectorial revenue

TABLESTable 1 List of ICT standards approved in 2016Table 2 Criteria to ensure implementation and expected outcomes of the State Policy on Development of ICT sectorTable 3 ICT Development indexTable 4 Comparison of e-Government development index Table 5 Networked Readiness Indicator of Mongolia at world level

PICTURESPicture 1 Participants of the confrence of executivesPicture 2 First forum GovTech-e-GovernmentPicture 3 The second GovTech-e-Government forumPicture 4 Participants of training on “e-Governance: International best practices”Picture 5 Picture 5. B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, and Arvo Ott, Executive Director of Academy of e-Governance of Estonia.Picture 6 Participants of “CanSat-2016” competitionPicture 7 B.Chinbat, CITA Chairman, and the delegation led by Dr. Li Xinjun, Secretary General of APSCOPicture 8 Illustration of integrated platform of public servicesPicture 9 Participants of the 26th Congress of Plenipotentiaries of UPUPicture 10 During the training “National training workshop on ICT statistics

ACRONYMS

APPU Asia Pacific Postal Union APSCO Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation OrganizationAPT Asia Pacific Telecommunity CDMA Code-division multiple accessCISA Certified information system auditorCITA Communications and Information Technology AuthorityCRC Communications Regulatory CommissionDDD Domestic Direct DialingEDGE Enhanced Data GSM EnvironmentEGDI e-Government development index EPI e-Participation indexEVDO Evolution Data OptimizedGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGSM Global System for Mobile communicationHCI Human capital indexICDL International Computer Driving LicenseICT Information and Communications Technology IDD International Direct Dialing IP Internet ProtocolIPTV Internet Protocol televisionIT Information TechnologyITPS International Postal ServicesITU International Telecommunications UnionPKI Public key infrastructure LTE Long-Term EvolutionMOSA Mongolian Software Industry AssociationMSIA Mongolian Software Industry AssociationNGN Next-generation networkNGO A non-governmental organizationNRI Networked readiness indexTII Telecommunication infrastructure index UN United NationsUPU Universal Postal UnionUSA United States of AmericaUSSR Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsVSAT Very Small Aperture TerminalWLL Wireless Local LoopОSI Online service indexGSM Global System for Mobile IP TV Internet Protocol TelevisionIDD International Direct DialingLTE Long-Term Evolution

NGN Next Generation NetworkWLL Wireless Local LoopWIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWTO World Trade OrganizationWTIS World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium

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BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES

1. The State Policy on Development of Information and Communication Technology 2017-2025

2. Report on Administrative statistic of CRC, 20163. Mongolian statistical book 2016, National Statistics Office4. Statistic of e-Kiosk machine of National data center, 20165. Connect 2020 Agenda for Global Telecommunication/ICT Development, ITU6. Measuring the Information Society Report 2016, ITU7. The Yearbook of Statistics 2016, ITU8. ICT Facts and Figures 2017, ITU9. ICT Facts and Figures 2017, ITU10. Core list of ICT indicators 2016, Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development11. The Global Information Technology Report 201612. The state of broadband 2016: broadband catalyzing sustainable development,

ITU, UNESCO – The Broadband Commission13. United Nations e-government survey 201614. http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/15. Website of ITU16. Website of Universal Postal Union17. Information of Agency for Standard and Metrology18. Report on Administrative statistic of National Data Center19. Report on Administrative statistic of The National IT Park