National University “Pedro Ruiz Gallo”Faculty of Human Medicine

COURSE : Medical English

TEACHER : Dra. Rosa Gonzáles Llontop GROUP : 4TH

STUDENTS : * Gastelo Salazar, Kenyi * Jambo Mendoza, Juan * Mayo Cabanillas, Darcy * Perales Carrasco, Tito * Rojas Ramos, Percy

* Vásquez Ochoa, Pedro

CYCLE : 2012 - I

Malnutrition in the Peruvian highlands

DEFINITION

DESNUTRITION

… It can also be caused by

is a DISEASE

Improper Diet

CAUSED BY

POOR ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

DESNUTRITION There is a deficiency in the intake of calories

and protein.

MALNUTRITION There is a deficiency,

excess or imbalance in the intake of one or

more nutrients.

DIFERENCE BETWEEN…

Desnutrition in children can begin even in the

womb.

Malnourished mothers give birth to

malnourished children.

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION

POVERTY AND EXTREME POVERTY:

malnutrition and poverty are related.

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) presented the following figures in terms of poverty

coast is 17.7%,

highlands is 49.1%

forest, 37.3%

THE URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION:

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)presented the following figures in terms of malnutrition

11.8% in rural areas3.2% in urban areas

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION:

THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL EDUCATION

is 30% to 40% lower among children with mothers who completed primary education

and low 25% to 47% between the who completed secondary education

The incidence of malnutrition according to Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

compared to the "uneducated"

THE ROLE OF WATER AND SANITATION:

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION:

the problems of food safety are important factors

In the vulnerability to food insecurity

nutritional pathogenic consequences

particularly smaller ones

HUNGER AND RELATED DISEASES

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION:

inadequate dietary intake and quality problems of the diet

Results in greater vulnerability to the onset of various diseases, directly or indirectly associated

diarrhea (EDA)

respiratory infections (ARI)

cretinism

vitamin A deficiency

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

56% of deaths in children under five years were attributable to the effect of malnutrition

MORTALITY.

83% of these deaths were due to a mild or moderate malnutrition

malnutrition leads to reduction

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

INFECTIONS

humoral and cellular immunity

physical barriers such as the protective mucus in the airways and gastric acidity

thus creating episodes infectious diseases

DYSFUNCTION.

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

reduction in physical capacity and intellectual

influences on patterns of behavior in adulthood

CHRONIC DISEASES.

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

The low birth weightThe malnutrition

an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood

díabetes

cardiovascular problems

heart disease

hypertension

Departments most infeccted

Children under five in Peru´ s highland regions still bear the brunt of chronic malnutrition.

The statistics are broken down, it becomes clear that malnutrition was reduced to a much lesser extent among children.

BUT IN THE ANDEAN REGION OF HUANCAVELICA IN SOUTHERN

PERU, 56 PERCENT OF ALL CHILDREN UNDER FIVE ARE

INDIGENOUS

43 PERCENT OF THE NATIVE CHILDREN

SUFFER FROM CHRONIC

MALNUTRITION.

32 PERCENT OF THEM ARE CHRONICALLY MALNOURISHED,

Region of Cuzco

HUANCAVELICA AND APURÍMAC OBTAINED RELATIVELY LIMITED REVENUES FROM THE "CANON MINERO

WHICH COULD HELP EXPLAIN THE LIMITED PROGRESS MADE.

In PunoWHERE 49 PERCENT OF

CHILDREN ARE INDIGENOUS, 20

PERCENT ARE MALNOURISHED

In Ancash

23 PERCENT OF THEM SUFFER FROM CHRONIC MALNUTRITION (SHOWING BELOW NORMAL WEIGHT AND HEIGHT FOR AGE).

HUANCAVELICA APURIMAC CUZCO ANCASH PUNO0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

56

61

45

29

49

43

2932

2320

CITIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF CHILD MALNUTRITION

Niños indígenasNiños con desnutrición

CITIES

MALNOURISHED CHILDREN

INDIGENOUS CHILDREN

THE STATE, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND CIVIL SOCIETY

COMBAT MALNUTRITION

EFFORTS TOMULTIPLE CAUSES

ACTIONS TO COMBAT MALNUTRITION

1 •Implement integral policies to ensure food security interventions, health and education of vulnerable populations

2 •Implement aggressive policies of income generation for the poorest families

3 •Designing effective systems for monitoring nutritional outcomes of social programs.

A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL

1 •Optimize economic resources, the FONCOMUN, Canon, among others, to improve the quality of health services, expand coverage of water and sanitation, prioritizing these resources to the most vulnerable.

2 •Promote economic development projects and social development in the poorest regions of the country, strengthening public participation in decisions on the use of state resources.

3 •Improve the targeting of food assistance programs, promoting intersectorial coordination.

AT REGIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT