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IBANAG

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Ibanag

The word Ibanag is derived from the prefix "I-"which may refer to "native, resident, or peopleof" and bannagwhich means "river".

also known as "Ybanag" and "Ybanak" or

"Ibanak" is a Filipino ethnolinguistic group concentrated

in the provinces of Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya,and Isabela, particularly, along the banks of the

Cagayan River and in Tuguegarao, Abulug,Pamplona, Camalaniugan, Lal-lo, Amulong,Iguig, Peablanca and Aparri towns.

is the 17th largest ethnic minority group in thecountry

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History

originated in the region around themouth of the Cagayan River

dispersed southward within the last 200years, influencing groups like the Itawis,Isinay, and Gaddang.

closely related to the Agta, Atta, Yogad,Isneg, and Malaweg

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Characteristics

The Ibanags are the most adaptable

among groups of Filipinos

are reputed to be the tallest of all the

ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines

often distinguish themselves by the color

of their elbows

Ibanags tend to be taller in stock andhave a peculiar height on the bridge of

their noses.

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Politics

The early Cagayanos lived in villages

governed by an Urayan holding theexecutive powers, an ukomor judge and

a kammaranan who made policies and

regulations of the community.

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Livelihood

The Ibanags are lowland farmers that used toinhabit the area along the Cagayan coast butmigrated further inland

Lowland technology with the cultivation of riceand corn; tobacco and cotton as cash crops;some upland farming of rice

Vegetables and legumes grew abundantly intheir fertile lands

They conducted trade with neighboring areasusing distinctive sea crafts

They are also excellent blacksmiths and theycontinue to make good bolos

They are also engaged in fishing

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Religious Beliefs

Ibanags believe in unseen spirits they callas i ari nga masingan which inhabit thepeasants world.

Minangilu orminannanad(folk doctors)actas mediators between the spirits and thecommunity.

Sickness and diseases are believed to becaused by offended spirits.

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PLANTS AND FOODS USED BY

IBANAGS IN PERFORMING THEIR

RITUALS: Coconut oil (denu)and lemon juice- usedby minannanad (folkdoctors) in moistening

and massaging the palmof an individual todetermine the cause ofhis disease or sickness.

Tiny cup of cocoa andrice cakes- are foodprepared and offered to

the soul in a ritual calledmattunak.

Patupat Ibanag

(rice cake)

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Food

The Ibanags life revolves around food Ibanag foods come in different forms,

tastes, colors, shapes, grandiosity and

presentation Ibanag indigenous foods and meals can

be described as aromatic, aphrodisiac,

delicious, savory, and nutritious

Ibanag foods are classified as

mappaganas ta accacan or appetizers;

maca-macan or main dish; and

paddulse or desserts

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I. Mappaganas Ta Accacan (Appetizers)

For the Ibanags, appetizer is important since oneshould be stimulated to savor the food served onthe table.

Mappaganas means to stimulate ones gustatorygland to eat.

The best and most sought after appetizers are theonion salad (salsa na sebolyas), pickled peper (silinga artem), lemon juice (daggo na dalaya)

onion leaves salad (salsa nga kutchay,) which is aconcoction of onions mixed with fish paste(bagoong) and chopped ginger with slicedtomatoes, is a favorite appetizer among the Ibanag.

Ibanag appetizers are simple and economical whichcame from indigenous plants available in the

surroundings.

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II. Maca-Macan (Main Dishes)

are classified according to its sources which are aya-

ayam (animals), mana-manango (fishes and shellfishes),

and gula-gulay(plants)

A. Aya-Ayam (An imals)

These animals are baka (cow), nuang (carabao),

kazzing (goat), karneru (sheep), kitu (dog), utta (deer),bavi (pig), pabu (turkey), manu (chicken), ayong

(monkey), and patu (duck), gansu (goose).

Meat is the focal point of the main dish

To the Ibanag, the substances sourced from meat givestrength to the body (mappasican), lengthen lifespan

(mappaapaddu ta attolay), refines way of living

(malladda y attolay) and mappasikan ta bagga-baggi.

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B. Mana-Manango (Fish/Water Anim als)

are the other main source of the Ibanags staple

food

The Ibanags vanity for fishes exemplifies thevast variety of fish taken from the water

These fishes are ludong (mullet), kurilaw

(Manila Sea Channel Catfish),

agua/pasga/purung/vugasin, sapsap (toothedponyfish), mori (goby), tabbalay (spangled

emperor), ifun (goby), caggu (clam), kiwo (eel),

larangan (glassy pershlet), akaya (crab),

lasi/aramang ( tiny shrimp), cusifan/padaw(lobster), patta (catfish), dalag (mudfish),

basikul (whelks), liddak (periwinkle), ala

(freshwater clam), agurung (periwinkle),

vunganga (whelks), berabig/birabid (whelks),

kabibi (clam) and gurami (fresh water fish).

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C. Gula-Gu lay (Vegetables)

the Ibanags are experimental, creative and ingenious

when it comes to plants. All plant parts are considered

as vegetable food

The mayan or underground crops used as vegetables

are camosi (sweet potato), rabanus (radish),

The stems, leaves and flowers of plants are likewise

considered edible foods. These are afutu na dupo(banana blossom), alibabag (alucon, Llk.), anta (string

beans), apape (balsam pear), balangac (swamp

cabbage), Calabasa (squash), catuday (sesban),

cubay (Malabar nightshade), don saluyu (jute), camosi

(sweet potato), lanteng/maralisto/baleva (eel grass),marunggay (horse radish), nasi (spiny amaranth),

paku (edible fern), papait (sarsalida, lbn), pichay

(pechay), rabung (bamboo shoot), sili amiling (Chile or

red pepper).

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Fruits and seeds of plants are also

considered food (maca-macan) among the

Ibanags. These are amale (butterfly bean),

anta (string beans), anta (string beans),

apape (balsam pear), balatung (green

gram), Baranghenas (eggplant), bassaw

(hyacinth bean), bichuelas (bush snap

bean), cabatengga (vegetable gourd),

cabatiti (sponge gourd), Calabasa (squash),

candoli (white squash), capaya (papaya),

cardis (pigeon pea), gulapitan (lima bean),

marunggay (horse-radish), nangca

(jackfruit),saluyu (Okra), sili amiling (chile

pepper), sili macopa (sweet pepper).

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III. Paddu lse (Dessert)

is the concluding part of the meal process

Fruits that abound within the area or the

community or within ones reach are what is

served aspaddulse.

These fruits are taken afresh from the trunk,

washed, peeled or pared, sliced, mashed,

halved or cut. They maybe eaten raw or

cooked.

Fruits are valuable sources of minerals like

ion, calcium, phosphorous, potassium and

magnesia. Most fruits contain vitamins A, B

and C, sugar and water

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Rica-Ricadu (Ingredients) are a must for Ibanag social and culinary functions

The basic ingredients or most common ingredients ofIbanag indigenous foods are sebolyas (onions), ahus(garlic), bagong munamun (fish paste), laya (ginger),tawyu (soy sauce), asin (salt), and pamienta(pepper).

Other important ingredients in the early Ibanagcuisine are addulu, (kamias), bagoong aramang(shrimp paste), bagoong ifun (fry paste), calamansi(Philippine lemon), dalaya na sical (lemon grass),dalaya (lemon), don na sebolyas/kutchay (onion

leaves), kamasi (tomato), lappaw na kalamagi(tamarind flowers), laurel (bay leaf), lugu nacalamagi (young tamarind leaves), lugu na lubban(young pomelo leaves), nabbaggawan ta bagga(ricewash), silam (vinegar), sili amiling (pungent

pepper), and uzzin nga sili (red pepper).

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Marriage, Community & the Family

The Ibanags are clannish: in a barrio,each one is a relative of someone

Marriage customs have been made

simple to a certain degree. Wedding expenses are shouldered by

both the bride and groom

Preparations need not be extravagant,but the umune-ca presents andmaginterga (dowry) are still part of thetraditions

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They have a great value on children, which

is considered as a gift from God

Couples without children are deemed

unlucky and are believed to be punished

Many beliefs and rituals of Ibanag are

associated with conception

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Health

For childless couples:

-use prescriptions dictated by older

members of the community

-illug na tanggalawa (eggs of a

house insect called tanggalawa) is

toasted and mixed with coffee

-the lupo (sterile one) says a

prayer and drinks the concoction

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To ensure the health of an expectant mother:

-Couple goes through a ritual involving the use

of alutung (a wooden container from a bark of a tree)

-A small piece is taken from it, pulverized,

burned,

and mixed with coffee. This will be served tothe woman on a full moon with chanting of

prayers.

To eliminate pain during pregnancy:-mamattang ritual is performed

-Eating of pinataro, a native cake, prepared by a

member of the household

-Wari, a food offering to the nature deities, is also

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Characteristics of a child resulting from the

food the mother took while conceiving:round-faced baby

-the mother craved for lubbang

(orange)

dark-skinned infant

-the mother craved for

lumbong (a violet fruit)

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Language

Their language is also named Ibanag

It is considered as the lingua franca of

other neighboring ethnic groups such as

the Gaddang, Yogad, and a few Aeta

is spoken by about 500,000 people in

Isabela and Cagayan especially in

Tuguegarao, Solana, Cabagan, andIlagan.

most of the Ibanags can also speak

Ilocano

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Literature

Ibanag folk literature is the expressionof Cagayanos' emotions and hasspread to some parts of Northern Luzon

their great number of folk literaturepromote love, peace, justice, honesty,unity, morality, reconciliation, and

lifestyle improvement because of thedivisiveness and vices everydayconflicts can bring to a person.

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Their literature is didactic, moralistic,predominantly sentimental, romantic,socialistic, comic and spiritual.

Their poetry is mostly sung, handeddown to the present by way of oraltradition

They are also fond of making proverbs(unoni) and riddles (palavvun)

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The following is an example of ariddle(palavvun):

Nu magitubang atannang nu manaddakalinno

(When it sits, it is tall. When it stands, it is

small.)

ANSWER:

Dog

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Ibanag Dancers

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Early Ibanags

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Modern Ibanag Youth

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Comparison between Early Ibanags and

Modern day Ibanags

Early Ibanags

practice various traditions and customs

perform different rituals and have severalbeliefs

were lowland farmers

Used Ibanag as their medium ofcommunication

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Modern day Ibanags

Some still practice their traditions andcustoms especially those in the far-flung

barrios

most of the Ibanags in towns no longer

adhere to this customs because they arealready economically rich and educated

They are now more engaged to fishing and

farming In the aspect of their language, the use of

Ibanag language has now diminished but

remains strong with Ibanags living overseas