Designing 21st

Century Learning

Environments 

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Achieving21st Century Learning Environments

Understand how to select and use appropriate learning strategies, technology, media, and materials to achieve 21st century learning in different environments.

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IntroductionWhich instructional strategies support 21st century learning?

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Implemented during “Utilize strategies, technology, media & materials” step

Teachers direct the learning Presentations Demonstrations Drill-and-practice Tutorials

Engage students in higher-order thinking

Integrate Technology Clickers PowerPoint/Prezi Videos Interactive whiteboards Drill-and-practice or tutorial

software Podcasts

Teacher-Centered Strategies

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Occur during “Require learner participation” step of ASSURE

Teachers are facilitators Student decision making Authentic, hands-on,

engaging Discussion Cooperative learning Games Simulation Discovery Problem-based learning

Student-Centered Strategies

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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.Smaldino, Lowther, and RussellInstructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10eISBN 0132099853

Presentation-

CHARACTERISTICS Medium provides information: teacher, textbooks,

Internet sites, audio, video, peers ADVANTAGES

Present once Note-taking strategies Information sources Student presentations

LIMITATIONS Difficult for some students Potentially boring Note-taking difficulty Age appropriateness

A source provides information to the learners

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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.Smaldino, Lowther, and RussellInstructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10eISBN 0132099853

Demonstration-

CHARACTERISTICS Whole group, small group, or individual Observation, not hands-on

ADVANTAGES Seeing before doing Guiding tasks Using less supplies Safety

LIMITATIONS Not hands-on Limiting view Nonflexible pacing

Learners view an exhibition of a skill or procedure to be learned

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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.Smaldino, Lowther, and RussellInstructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10eISBN 0132099853

Drill-and-Practice-

CHARACTERISTICS Increases fluency Occurs after instruction Must include feedback

ADVANTAGES Corrective feedback Information chunking Built-in practice

LIMITATIONS Repetitive Potentially boring Non-adaptive

Learners complete practice exercises

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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.Smaldino, Lowther, and RussellInstructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10eISBN 0132099853

Tutorial-

CHARACTERISTICS Independent One-on-one Chunks of information

ADVANTAGES Independent work Self-paced Individualization

LIMITATIONS Potentially boring Possibly frustrating Potential lack of guidance

Learners work with an agent for practice and feedback until competency is achieved

Discussion-

CHARACTERISTICS

Small group Large group New topics Higher-level

questioning

ADVANTAGES Interesting Challenging Inclusive Opportunity for new ideas

LIMITATIONS Potential for limited

participation Sometimes unchallenging Difficulty level Age appropriateness

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Cooperative Learning-CHARACTERISTICS

Small groups Formal or informal Conditions

Individual role = part of team

Individual and group accountability

Interpersonal and leadership skills

Reflection

ADVANTAGES Learning benefits Formal/informal Learning opportunity Content areas

LIMITATIONS Size limitation Potential overuse Group member limitation

INTEGRATION: Media production, software, presentations

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

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Problem-based Learning-CHARACTERISTICS

Lifelike problems Structured Ill-structured

ADVANTAGES Engaging Context for learning Levels of complexity

LIMITATIONS Difficult to create Age appropriateness Time-consuming

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

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Games-CHARACTERISTICS

Motivating Challenging Problem-solving

skills Recognize patterns

ADVANTAGES Engaging Match to outcomes Variety of settings Gain attention

LIMITATIONS Competition concerns Levels of difficulty Expense Misdirection of intention

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

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Simulations-CHARACTERISTICS

Whole-class, small-group Experiences may not be

possible in the real world Role play

ADVANTAGES Safety Recreate history Hands-on Variety of ability levels

LIMITATIONS Questionable

representation Complexity Time factor

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

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Discovery-

CHARACTERISTICS

Scientific method Guidance necessary Scaffolding

ADVANTAGES Engaging Repeated steps Student control

LIMITATIONS Time-factor Preparation is critical Misunderstanding

INTEGRATION Digital tools: cameras,

GPS, video

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

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Face-to-face Classroom Instruction Most prevalent Unlimited options for

learning Distance Learning

Students in one location, peers and teacher in another

Classroom divided into many parts

Know student resources Blended Instruction

Synchronous and asynchronous

Independent Study Teacher prepares context

and materials Students work at their own

pace Informal Study

Prepare students with technology

Informal nature of the study

Learning Context

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Integrating Free and Inexpensive Materials

Internet Open source websites

Productivity tools Collaborative tools

Video, audio, imagesOther media

Printed materials Video Kits CDs and DVDs

Advantages Up to date In-depth treatment Variety of uses Student manipulation

Limitations Bias or advertising Promotion of special

interests Limited quantities

Obtaining materials Evaluating materials

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Demonstrating Professional Knowledge

1. Differentiate between teacher-centered and student-centered learning strategies.

2.Differentiate between the types of learning strategies described in this chapter.

3.Discuss how to support learning with technology and media.

5.Explain the value of integrating free and inexpensive materials into instruction.

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