44thth Grade Grade ScienceScience

Which word means a Which word means a conclusion based on conclusion based on

evidence about evidence about events that have events that have

already occurred?already occurred?

inferenceinference

Which word means a Which word means a forecast about what forecast about what

may happen in some may happen in some future situation?future situation?

Scientific predictionScientific prediction

Which word means a Which word means a fair test driven by a fair test driven by a

hypothesis?hypothesis?

ExperimentExperiment

What word means What word means something that is something that is

deliberately changed deliberately changed in an experiment?in an experiment?

Independent variableIndependent variable

Which word describes Which word describes variables that will variables that will

change as a result of change as a result of doing an experiment?doing an experiment?

Dependent variableDependent variable

Which word means an Which word means an educated guess about educated guess about what will happen in an what will happen in an

experiment?experiment?

HypothesisHypothesis

Which word means Which word means something that is not something that is not allowed to change in allowed to change in

an experiment?an experiment?

ConstantConstant

This defines what is to This defines what is to be investigated in an be investigated in an

experiment and is experiment and is often written as a often written as a

question.question.

Purpose Purpose

What are the step by What are the step by step directions to step directions to follow in order to follow in order to

conduct an conduct an experiment?experiment?

Procedure Procedure

What is the list of What is the list of items used in an items used in an

experiment called?experiment called?

Materials Materials

What is the summary What is the summary that supports or that supports or

contradicts a contradicts a hypothesis?hypothesis?

Conclusion Conclusion

What is a graph, What is a graph, chart, or table used to chart, or table used to display results called?display results called?

Data Data

What is called when What is called when you read, get advice, you read, get advice, or make observations or make observations

about a project?about a project?

Research Research

Which word means Which word means the ability to do work?the ability to do work?

EnergyEnergy

Which word means Which word means the result of a force the result of a force moving an object moving an object

through a distance?through a distance?

Work Work

Which type of energy Which type of energy is moving energy?is moving energy?

Kinetic energyKinetic energy

Which type of energy Which type of energy is stored in an object?is stored in an object?

Potential energyPotential energy

What are three What are three common forms of common forms of

energy?energy?

Electrical, mechanical, Electrical, mechanical, chemical chemical

Which word means Which word means any combination of any combination of two or more simple two or more simple

machines?machines?

Compound machinesCompound machines

Which machines are Which machines are made of many made of many

compound machines?compound machines?

Complex machinesComplex machines

How do machines How do machines make work easier and make work easier and

more efficient?more efficient?

By changing the By changing the direction of or direction of or

increasing the effect increasing the effect of a forceof a force

Which word describes Which word describes the relationship of the relationship of

energy expended to energy expended to work accomplished?work accomplished?

efficiencyefficiency

Which word means Which word means the resistance to the resistance to

motion created by two motion created by two objects moving objects moving

against each other?against each other?

Friction Friction

What does friction What does friction create?create?

Heat Heat

Unless acted on by a Unless acted on by a force, objects in force, objects in

motion ______ and motion ______ and objects at rest objects at rest

_______._______.

Stay in motion; Stay in motion; stay at rest.stay at rest.

What are negative What are negative charges called?charges called?

Electrons Electrons

What does a What does a continuous flow of continuous flow of electrons create?electrons create?

Electric currentElectric current

What is the path taken What is the path taken by an electric current by an electric current

called?called?

CircuitCircuit

Which circuits allow Which circuits allow the movement of the movement of electrical energy?electrical energy?

Closed circuitsClosed circuits

Which circuits prevent Which circuits prevent the movement of the movement of electrical energy?electrical energy?

Open circuitsOpen circuits

What are two units of What are two units of measure used to measure used to

describe electricity?describe electricity?

Hertz and ampsHertz and amps

What type of voltage What type of voltage do common dry cell do common dry cell batteries generally batteries generally

have?have?

Low voltageLow voltage

Which word describes Which word describes materials that materials that

electrical energy electrical energy moves through?moves through?

Conductors Conductors

What materials do not What materials do not conduct electricity conduct electricity

well?well?

Insulators Insulators

In which circuit is In which circuit is there only one there only one pathway for the pathway for the

current?current?

Series circuitSeries circuit

In which circuit is In which circuit is there two or more there two or more pathways for the pathways for the

current?current?

Parallel circuitParallel circuit

Which word means Which word means the discharge of static the discharge of static

electricity in the electricity in the atmosphere?atmosphere?

Lightning Lightning

Which part of the Which part of the plant anchors it and plant anchors it and

takes water and takes water and nutrients from the nutrients from the

soil?soil?

Roots Roots

Which part of the Which part of the plant provides support plant provides support and allows movement and allows movement

of water nutrients?of water nutrients?

Stem Stem

What are the two What are the two general groups that general groups that

the plant kingdom can the plant kingdom can be divided into?be divided into?

Those that reproduce Those that reproduce with seeds and those with seeds and those that reproduce with that reproduce with

sporesspores

What are the What are the reproductive parts of reproductive parts of

the flower?the flower?

Stamen and pistilStamen and pistil

What are the small What are the small leaves that form the leaves that form the

housing of the housing of the developing flower?developing flower?

Sepals Sepals

What is the process What is the process by which pollen is by which pollen is

transferred from the transferred from the stamen to the pistil stamen to the pistil

called? called?

Pollination Pollination

What are two plants What are two plants that reproduce with that reproduce with

spores? spores?

Ferns and mosses Ferns and mosses

What is the process in What is the process in which green plants which green plants produce their own produce their own

food called? food called?

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis

What do green plants What do green plants use along with carbon use along with carbon

dioxide, water, dioxide, water, nutrients, and sunlight nutrients, and sunlight

to produce food? to produce food?

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll

What is the primary What is the primary food producing part of food producing part of

green plants? green plants?

Leaves Leaves

What word describes What word describes a period of suspended a period of suspended life processes brought life processes brought on by changes in the on by changes in the

environment? environment?

Dormancy Dormancy

What are the physical What are the physical attributes that help attributes that help

organisms meet a life organisms meet a life need called?need called?

Structural adaptations Structural adaptations

What are the types of What are the types of activities organisms activities organisms

perform to meet a life perform to meet a life need called?need called?

Behavioral Behavioral adaptationsadaptations

Which word describes Which word describes all of the populations all of the populations that live together in that live together in

the same place?the same place?

Community Community

What is the What is the organization of organization of

communities based communities based on in a given on in a given ecosystem?ecosystem?

Utilization of energyUtilization of energy

Which word describes Which word describes green plants which green plants which

make their own food make their own food from sunlight, air, and from sunlight, air, and

water?water?

Producers Producers

What are animals What are animals referred to as referred to as

because they eat because they eat food? food?

Consumers Consumers

Where is the greatest Where is the greatest amount of energy in a amount of energy in a

community found? community found?

Producers Producers

What are organisms What are organisms called that break called that break

down decayed plants down decayed plants and animals into and animals into

smaller pieces that smaller pieces that can be used again by can be used again by

living things? living things?

Decomposers Decomposers

Which word means Which word means the function that an the function that an

organism performs in organism performs in the food web of the the food web of the

community?community?

Niche Niche

Who can have a Who can have a major impact on the major impact on the

ecosystem?ecosystem?

Humans Humans

Which word means Which word means the measure of the the measure of the

amount of heat amount of heat energy in the energy in the atmosphere?atmosphere?

Temperature Temperature

What is the amount of What is the amount of moisture in the moisture in the

atmosphere called?atmosphere called?

Humidity Humidity

What is air pressure What is air pressure due to?due to?

Weight of the airWeight of the air

What can determine What can determine air pressure?air pressure?

Temperature of airTemperature of air

What is the boundary What is the boundary between air masses between air masses

of different of different temperature and temperature and humidity called?humidity called?

Front Front

Which type of clouds Which type of clouds are tall and vertical are tall and vertical and are often called and are often called

thunderheads?thunderheads?

Cumulonimbus Cumulonimbus

Which type of clouds Which type of clouds are white and fluffy are white and fluffy

and are seen on nice and are seen on nice days?days?

Cumulus Cumulus

Which type of clouds Which type of clouds are low hanging in are low hanging in

layers that look like a layers that look like a gray haze in the sky? gray haze in the sky? They can become fog.They can become fog.

Stratus Stratus

Which clouds are dark Which clouds are dark and normally seen and normally seen

when rain or snow is when rain or snow is happening all day happening all day

long?long?

Nimbostratus Nimbostratus

What is a scientist What is a scientist that studies the that studies the weather called?weather called?

Meteorologist Meteorologist

Which tool is used to Which tool is used to measure air measure air pressure?pressure?

Barometer Barometer

Which tool is used to Which tool is used to measure moisture in measure moisture in

the air?the air?

Hygrometer Hygrometer

Which tool measures Which tool measures wind speed?wind speed?

Anemometer Anemometer

Which tool measures Which tool measures precipitation? precipitation?

Rain gauge Rain gauge

Which tool measures Which tool measures air temperature? air temperature?

Thermometer Thermometer

Which word means Which word means the travel within an the travel within an

orbit? orbit?

Revolution Revolution

How often does the How often does the Earth make one Earth make one

revolution around the revolution around the sun? sun?

Once every 365 days Once every 365 days

How often does the How often does the moon revolve around moon revolve around

the Earth? the Earth?

Once every 28 days Once every 28 days

When does a lunar When does a lunar eclipse occur? eclipse occur?

When moon moves When moon moves into Earth’s shadow into Earth’s shadow

When does a solar When does a solar eclipse occur? eclipse occur?

When moon moves When moon moves between sun and between sun and

Earth Earth

What causes What causes seasons? seasons?

Axial tilt of the Earth Axial tilt of the Earth during revolution during revolution around the sun around the sun

What causes phases What causes phases of the moon to occur? of the moon to occur?

Moon’s position in Moon’s position in relation to Earth and relation to Earth and

sun sun

What are the phases What are the phases of the moon?of the moon?

New, crescent, New, crescent, quarter, gibbous, fullquarter, gibbous, full

The sun is an The sun is an averaged-sized star. averaged-sized star.

How many times How many times bigger is its diameter bigger is its diameter

than the Earth’s?than the Earth’s?

110110

How many planets are How many planets are in our solar system?in our solar system?

99

What number planet What number planet is the Earth from the is the Earth from the

sun?sun?

33

What makes Earth What makes Earth different from other different from other

planets?planets?

Large amounts of Large amounts of water and oxygenwater and oxygen

Which two scientists Which two scientists believed the Earth believed the Earth

was the center of the was the center of the solar system?solar system?

Aristotle and PtolemyAristotle and Ptolemy

Which two scientists Which two scientists believed that the sun believed that the sun is in the center of our is in the center of our solar system which is solar system which is

what we believe what we believe today? today?

Galileo and Galileo and CopernicusCopernicus

Which space craft’s Which space craft’s missions added a missions added a great deal to our great deal to our

understanding of the understanding of the moon? moon?

NASA Apollo NASA Apollo

What are some of What are some of Virginia’s natural Virginia’s natural

resources?resources?

Forests, arable land, Forests, arable land, coal, sand, wildlife, coal, sand, wildlife, clean water and airclean water and air

Which word means an Which word means an area over which area over which

surface water and surface water and materials it carries materials it carries flows to a single flows to a single collection place?collection place?

Watershed Watershed

Which watershed Which watershed covers about half of covers about half of Virginia’s land area?Virginia’s land area?

Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay watershedwatershed

What watershed is What watershed is land drained by rivers land drained by rivers west of Roanoke part west of Roanoke part

of?of?

Mississippi watershedMississippi watershed

What are some of What are some of Virginia’s water Virginia’s water

resources?resources?

Groundwater, rivers, Groundwater, rivers, bays, lakes, bays, lakes,

reservoirs, Atlantic reservoirs, Atlantic OceanOcean

What are three things What are three things Virginia’s soil and land Virginia’s soil and land

support?support?

Space for economic Space for economic activities, great variety activities, great variety

of life, variety of of life, variety of recreational recreational opportunitiesopportunities