4.1 An Age of Ideologies

Ideology

• A system of thought and belief

Conservatives

• Prefer the traditional way of doing things• Change only for very compelling reasons• In 19th century Europe =

– Restore monarchy– Class system – lower classes respect &

obey upper classes– Established or state church

Liberals

• Inspired by Enlightenment & French Revolution ideals

• Want govt. based on written constitution & separation of powers

• Want rulers elected by & responsible to people

• Defend natural rights = liberty, equality, property

• Support hands-off economics – laissez faire

Nationalists

• Want to unify people with a common heritage in separate states

• Common heritage gives sense of identity• Sometimes leads to intolerance &

persecution of different peoples• In 19th century Europe

– Serbia obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire

– Greece obtained freedom from Ottoman Empire

ComparisonLiberals Issues Conservatives

Male property owners

Who should rule

Monarch & nobles

Protect rts. of liberty & property

Goals of Govt.

Stability & order

Republic with constitution, separation of powers

Form of Govt.

Monarchy

Laissez faire Economy Noble-controlled

Freedom of religion Religion Established church