41f66off BC IV PPT Specialized

8/3/2019 41f66off BC IV PPT Specialized

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BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

SEM IV

MODULE 1MODULE 1


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IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE IN COMMUNICATION

Intercultural Communication is the process of sending and

receiving messages between people whose cultural backgroundscould lead them to interpret verbal and nonverbal signs differently.

Effective intercultural communication

Opens up business opportunities round the world. It improves the

contributions of employees in a diverse workforce.


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Treat people the way they expect to be treated, not the way

you expect to be treated.

The diversity of todays workforce brings distinct

advantages to businesses:

1. A broader range of views and ideas

2. A better understanding of diverse,

fragmented markets

3. A broader pool of talent from which to

recruit.


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4. Recognize the changing environment

5. Adapt to the environment without

compromising principles

6. Dont assume problems will magically

disappear.

7. Keep corporate communication connected to

strategy.


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John Bodley (1994):Definitions of Diverse Dimensions

Topical:Culture consists of everything on a list of topics, or categories, such as social

organization, religion, or economy

Historical: Culture is social heritage, or tradition, that is passed on to future generations

Behavioral: Culture is shared, learned human behavior, a way of life

Normative: Culture is ideals, values, or rules for living

Functional:Culture is the way humans solve problems of adapting to the environment or living

together

Mental: Culture is a complex of ideas, or learned habits, that inhibit impulses and distinguishpeople from animals

Structural: Culture consists of patterned and interrelated ideas, symbols, or behaviors

Symbolic: Culture is based on arbitrarily assigned meanings that are shared by a society


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Principles1. Culture is learned:1. Culture is learned:

Culture is transmitted through the process ofCulture is transmitted through the process of

learning and interacting with oneslearning and interacting with onesenvironment, rather through the geneticenvironment, rather through the genetic

process.process.

2. Culture influences biological processes2. Culture influences biological processes3. Culture universals3. Culture universals

4. Culture changes4. Culture changes


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DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE

Concentrate on long term relationships, not short term contracts.Concentrate on long term relationships, not short term contracts.

Focus on the interests and perceptions of therecipient. Berealistic aboutFocus on the interests and perceptions of therecipient. Berealistic about

others view. Acknowledge distinctions.others view. Acknowledge distinctions.

Avoid overreliance on cultural generalizations. Avoid assumptions;Avoid overreliance on cultural generalizations. Avoid assumptions;

generalizations.generalizations.

Besensitive to timing.Besensitive to timing.

Remain flexible, but prepare your messagescarefully.Remain flexible, but prepare your messagescarefully.

Learn to listen,Not just speak.Learn to listen,Not just speak.


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Communication and Culture

Culture gives meaning to the visible communication process.Culture gives meaning to the visible communication process.

2 trends that have made intercultural business2 trends that have made intercultural business

communication so important:communication so important:

A) Market globalization, that allows people fromA) Market globalization, that allows people from

different cultures to interpret their verbal and non verbaldifferent cultures to interpret their verbal and non verbalsignals .signals .

B) Advances in technology help companies crossB) Advances in technology help companies cross

national boundaries. Sheraton hotels Hawaii.national boundaries. Sheraton hotels Hawaii.


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MODULE 2

BARRIERSTO EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONBARRIERSTO EFFECTIVECOMMUNICATION


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ROADBLOCKSClassification of barriers:Classification of barriers:

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal

InterpersonalInterpersonal

OrganizationalOrganizationalRoadblocksRoadblocks

1.1. Differences in perspectiveDifferences in perspective

2.2. Differences in knowledge levelsDifferences in knowledge levels

3.3. Lack of common languageLack of common language4.4. Tendency to stereotype and jump to conclusions.Tendency to stereotype and jump to conclusions.

5.5. Strong emotionsStrong emotions

6.6. Self centerednessSelf centeredness


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7. Ethnocentrism: greatest single obstacle

to understand culture.

Literally means culture centered.


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Strategies to overcome the Barriers

Get to know the people you communicate with.Get to know the people you communicate with.

Learn to look at things from others perspectives.Learn to look at things from others perspectives.

Seek and offer feedback.Seek and offer feedback.

Choose the right medium and the right channel.Choose the right medium and the right channel.

Mind your tone.Mind your tone.

Talk less, listen more.Talk less, listen more.

Ethno relativism i.e. ability to relate and adapt to others cultureEthno relativism i.e. ability to relate and adapt to others culture


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Some pointers to good word usage

Be positiveBe positive

Dictionary and ThesaurusDictionary and Thesaurus

A wide choiceA wide choice

Who is your audienceWho is your audience

Social settingSocial setting

JargonJargon

New wordsNew words

Sentence constructionSentence construction

Understand word structureUnderstand word structure

Enjoy the languageEnjoy the language


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MODULE 3

CROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION


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Characteristics of culture

Culture guides individual and collective behavior.Culture guides individual and collective behavior.

It influences:It influences:

The decision makingThe decision making

The style of managementThe style of management

Relations and behavior patternsRelations and behavior patterns

Cultures are integrated wholes: cultures are coherentCultures are integrated wholes: cultures are coherent

and logical systems, the parts of which to a degree areand logical systems, the parts of which to a degree are

interrelated.interrelated.


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Language mirrors values

Successful corporate culture manages to:

integrate symbols (such as a corporate logo),

legends (stories about past successes and

failures), heroes (influential managers from the

past) and shared experiences (such as

working together on successful projects).


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The process of developing a corporate

culture involves the following:

1.Identifying common beliefs among employees

2.Gaining consensus

3.Documenting the essential features

4.Making the culture visible to other employees

on a regular basis.

5.Providing explicit training in the corporate

culture for new employees.


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Cross-cultural ValuesAmericans Japanese

FreedomFreedom

IndependenceIndependenceSelfSelf--reliancereliance

EqualityEquality

IndividualismIndividualism

CompetitionCompetition

EfficiencyEfficiency

TimeTime

DirectnessDirectness

OpennessOpenness

BelongingBelonging

Group harmonyGroup harmonyCollectivenessCollectiveness

Age/seniorityAge/seniority

Group consciousnessGroup consciousness

CooperationCooperation

QualityQualityPatiencePatience

IndirectnessIndirectness

GoGo--betweenbetween


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Edward T. Hall's Model

HighHigh--context culturescontext cultures

LongLong--lastinglasting

relationshipsrelationships

Exploiting contextExploiting context

Spoken agreementsSpoken agreements

Insiders and outsidersInsiders and outsidersclearly distinguishedclearly distinguished

Cultural patternsCultural patterns

ingrained, slow changeingrained, slow change

LowLow--context culturescontext cultures

Shorter relationshipsShorter relationships

Less dependent on contextLess dependent on context

Written agreementsWritten agreements

Insiders and outsiders lessInsiders and outsiders lessclearly distinguishedclearly distinguished

Cultural patterns changeCultural patterns change

fasterfaster


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Strategies for Improving Cross-CulturalCommunication:


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Social DifferencesFormal rules of etiquette are explicit and wellFormal rules of etiquette are explicit and well

defined but informal rules are learned throughdefined but informal rules are learned through

observation and imitation e.g. table manners.observation and imitation e.g. table manners.

AttitudeTowards MaterialismAttitudeTowards Materialism

People from US emphasize hard work, materialPeople from US emphasize hard work, material

success and efficiency more than many people insuccess and efficiency more than many people inother countries do.other countries do.


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NON VERBAL DIFFERENCES

NVC is important in delivering meaning but only ifcommunicatorsNVC is important in delivering meaning but only ifcommunicators

belong to thesameculture. It varies from place to place and culture.belong to thesameculture. It varies from place to place and culture.

Types ofNVC:Types ofNVC:

KinesicsKinesics

ProxemicsProxemics

OculesicsOculesics

ChronemicsChronemics

Body language: People from the otherculture who speakyour languageBody language: People from the otherculture who speakyour language

have not mastered yourcultures body languagehave not mastered yourcultures body languagee.ge.g

looking in theeyelooking in theeye

U.S: positiveU.S: positive

Asia :disrespectfulAsia :disrespectful


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41f66off BC IV PPT Specialized