126

,ytr tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

~~tpz;Zk; kz;Zk; xope;J NghFk;Mdhy; vd; thu;j;ijfs; xopaNt khl;lh||.....

kj;NjA 24:35

jpUtptpypaj;jpy; cs;s mWgj;jhW E}y;fSk; gy;NtW ,iw

mbahu;fshy; ,iw ce;Jjypy; vOjg;gl;L> xNu E}yhf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mj;Jld; jpUtptpypak; cyfpd; xt;nthU nkhopapYk; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;L

kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUtptpypak; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; mtutu;

nrhe;j nkhopapy; fpilj;jpUg;gJ ngUk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fupajy;yth?

,];uNayupd; ,iw ek;gpf;if> tuyhw;Wg; ghu;itNahLk;>

,yf;fpakhfTk;> ghly;fshfTk;> kiwnghUs; ,yf;fpakhfTk;>

tha;nkhopg; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;L> gpw;fhyj;jpy; vOj;J tbtk;

ngw;wJ vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;.

,Ug;gpDk; jpUtptpypak; gy;yhz;L fhykhf nghJ epiyapdupd;

fuq;fSf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy Vnddpy; jpUtptpypaj;jpw;F nghUs; $Wk;

nghWg;G mUl;nghopT ngw;w Mau;fis kl;LNk rhu;e;jpUe;jJ.

jpUtptpypak; gy;NtW nkhopfspy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;lJ

fp.K ehd;fhk;; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; kf;fspd; Njitiaf;

fUjp fpNuf;f Nguuruhfpa kh mnyf;rhz;lu; vgpNua nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l

gioa Vw;ghL E}y;fis fpNuf;f nkhopf;F nkhop ngau;f;fr; nra;jhu;.

,d;Dk; rpyu; kh mnyf;rhz;lupd; jsgjpfspy; xUtuha; ,Ue;J gpd;G

muruhd jhykp vd;gtupd; MNyhridapd;gb fpNuf;f nkhopapy; nkhop

ngau;j;jdu; vDk; fUj;ij njuptpf;fpd;wdu;. ,jpy; 70 mwpQu;fs;

4.2 mtutu; nkhopapy;

jpUtptpypak;

127

,ytr tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

<Lgl;ljhy; LXX my;yJ ~~ nrg;Jt[pe;J || (Septuagint) vd;w ngauhy;

miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Mu;Nkdpa> vj;jpNahg;gpa kw;Wk; muhgp nkhopfspYk;

jpUtptpypak; gbg;gbahf nkhop ngau;g;G nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mz;ltu; ,NaR tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; gy];jPdk; cNuhk NguuRf;F

mbikg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fspd; Ml;rp nkhopahd ,yj;jPd;

nkhopapy; jpUtptpypak; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,r; nraiy Jwtw

FUthd J}a vNuhk; vd;gtu;> rpwg;ghf vgpNua nkhopiaf; fw;W

nkhop ngau;g;Gr; nra;jhu;. ,k;nkhop ngau;g;G ~~ty;Nfl; || vd

miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ty;Nfl; vd;gjd; nghUs; ~nghJ| vd;gjhFk;.

,q;fpyhe;jpy; tho;e;j gPl; Nghjfu; kuzk; miltjw;F Kd;G

Nahthd; ew;nra;jpia nkhop ngau;j;jhu;.

rpq;fs nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l jpUtptpypak;

1780 Mz;L xy;yhe;ju; fhyj;jpy; KO jpUkiwAk; rpq;fs

nkhopapy; mr;rplg;gl;lJ.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; jpUtptpypak;

gjpdhd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; N[hd; itf;fpspg; vd;Dk; Nghjfu;

jpUtptpypaj;ij ,yj;jpd; nkhopapypUe;J Mq;fpyj;jpw;F

nkhop ngau;j;jhu;. 1526 ,y; tpypak; bd;Nly; Mq;fpy

nkhopapy; Gjpa Vw;ghl;il nkhopngau;j;J mr;rpl;lhu;

N[u;kdpa nkhopapy; jpUtptpypak;

gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; khu;bd; Y}ju; Nghjfu; vgpNua

nkhopapypUe;J gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk;> fpNuf;f nkhopapypUe;J

Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilAk; N[u;kdpa nkhopapy; nkhop ngau;j;jhu;.

jkpo; nkhopapy; jpUtptpypak;

1759 Mz;L xy;yhe;ju; fhyj;jpy; Gjpa Vw;ghL jkpo; nkhopapy;

nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lJ. 1936 Mz;L KOj; jpUtptpypaKk;

jkpopy; mr;rplg;gl;lJ.

128

,ytr tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

jpUtptpypa nkhop ngau;g;ghsu; rhu;ghd Fwpg;G

J}a vNuhk; fp.gp 345 - 420J}a vNuhk; fp.gp 345 - 420J}a vNuhk; fp.gp 345 - 420J}a vNuhk; fp.gp 345 - 420J}a vNuhk; fp.gp 345 - 420

w ,tu; xU Jwtp

w ,tu; ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; jpUtptpypaj;ij

nkhopngau;f;fj; njhlq;fp 12 Mz;Lfs;

fLikahf cioj;J ,g;gzpia

epiwT nra;jhu;. ,k;nkhop ngau;g;G

~~ ty;Nfl; || vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

w ,g;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;s ePz;l fhyk; gy];jPdhtp;y; tho;e;J

vgpNua nkhopia ed;whff; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;.

N[hd; itfpspg;N[hd; itfpspg;N[hd; itfpspg;N[hd; itfpspg;N[hd; itfpspg;

w 14k; E}w;whz;by; jpUtptpypaj;ij Mq;fpynkhopapy; nkhop ngau;f;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

w vOj;jwpT kpfTk; ; Fiwe;j kf;fSf;FjpUtptpypaj;ij jUtjw;F Kide;jhu;.,tUf;F xU Nghjfu; FO xj;Jiog;G toq;fpaJ.

w ,g;gzp epiwNtWk; NghJ jpU mitj;jiytu;fs; jpUtptpypaj;ij nkhopngau;g;gjw;Fvjpu;g;Gj; njuptpj;J nkhopngau;g;ig vupj;Jrhk;gyhf;fpdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; mbkl;l kf;fSf;FjpUtptpypaj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;wNehf;fj;jpdhy; kpfTk; JzpTld; ,g;gzpia

epiwT nra;jhu;.

w ,tuJ gzpf;F r%fj;jpd; gpuGf;fs; cjtp Gupe;jdu;. 1384k; Mz;L,tu; kuzk; mile;jhu;. MapDk; ,tuJ Gfo; ePbj;J epiyj;jJ.

w N[hd; itf; fpspg; kuzkile;J 44 Mz;LfSf;F gpd; mtiuf;

fy;yiwapypUe;J Njhz;b vLj;J kPz;Lk; vupj;jdu;.

129

,ytr tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

tpy;ypak; bz;Nly;

w vgpNua nkhopypUe;j gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk; fpNuf;f

nkhopapy; ,Ue;j Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilAk; jk;Kila

Mq;fpynkhopngau;g;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhu;.

w 1526 k;Mz;L ,tupd; nkhopngau;g;igj; jhq;fpa

Gjpa Vw;ghL mr;rplg;gl;lJ. Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd;

gy gpujpfs; kpfTk; kiwthf ,q;fpyhe;jpy;

tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. MapDk; jpU mitj;

jiytu;fs; jq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j gpujpfs;

vy;yhtw;iwAk; vupj;jdu;.

w ,jd; gpd;G gioa Vw;ghL Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngau;f;Fk; gzp

njhlq;fpaJ.

w 1530k; Mz;lstpy; gQ;rfhkj;jpd; (Ie;jhfkk;) nkhopngau;g;G gzp

epiwT ngw;wJ.

w ,it E}y;fshf ntsptUtjw;F Kd;G vl;lhk; n`d;wp murdhy;

ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhu;.

w 1660k; khjq;fs; ,Ul;liwapy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;lhu;. mtuJ giftu;

iffspy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;L 1536k; Mz;L vy;Nyhu; Kd;dpiyapYk;

J}f;fpy; ,lg;gl;L mjd; gpd;G vupA+l;lg;gl;lhu;.

w ,tu; kuzj; jUthapy; ~~ Mz;ltNu ,q;fpyhe;J murdpd;

fz;fisj; jpwe;jUs;tPuhf || vd;W kd;whbdhu;.

w ,tupd; kd;whly; epiwNtwpaJ vdyhk;. ,tiuf; nfhy;Yk;gb

fl;lisapl;l murNd gpd;G jpUtptpypaj;ij KOikahf

nkhopngau;f;Fk;gb fl;lis ,l;lhu;.

w 1536k; bd;Nly; mtu;fspd; nkhopngau;g;ig xl;b vOjg;gl;l Mq;fpy

jpUtptpypak; midj;J jpU mitfspYk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w

murfl;lis gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

130

,ytr tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

w ,tu; N[u;kdpa ehl;ilr; Nru;e;jtu;. ,tu;

rPu;j;jpUj;j je;ijfspy; xUtu; vd miof;fg;-

gLfpwhu;. (1517) mf;Nlhgu; 31 cyf rPu;;j;jpUj;j

ehs; vdf; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

w vgpNua nkhopapy; ,Ue;j gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk;

fpNuf;f nkhopapy; ,Ue;j Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilAk;

N[u;kdpa nkhopapy; nkhopngau;j;jhu;.

Nkw;fhZk; jfty;fis Cd;wpf; ftdpf;Fk; NghJ Xu; cz;ik

ekf;F njspthfpwJ.

jpUtptpypaj;ij nkhop ngau;j;j gy;NtW mbatu;fSk; nfhLikahd

Kiwapy; kuzk; mile;jjhf njupfpwJ. ,d;Dk; rpyu; mjpf Jd;gk;

Vw;wdu;. kpfTk; fbdg;ghLfspd; eLtpy; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;l

jpUtptpypaj;ij ehk; ehs;NjhWk; nrk;ikahff; fw;W mtw;iw ekJ

tho;it nghUSs;sjhf khw;w gad;gLj;JtNj ed;ik jUk;.

nray;ghL

1 jpUtptpypa nkhop ngau;g ;Gj; jfty; mlq;fpatpguq;fis Xu; rpwpa ife;E}yhfj; jahupf;fTk;.

2 “jpUtptpypa nkhop ngau;g;gpd; gad;ghL” vDk;jiyg;gpy; xU fbjk; vOjTk;.

khu;bd; Y}ju;