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Plant Tissue Systems
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Cell Specialization
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Cellular differentiation is the process by which specific cell types arise from unspecialized cells
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Just like animals, plants have different kinds of cells for different purposes (cell specialization/differentiation)
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Basic diversity of plant cell types is low compared to animals cells but the cells themselves are strikingly different from each other
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How The Specialization Occurs
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Remember that all specialized cells in animals begin from unspecialized cells called stem cells
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Specialized cells in plants begin with unspecialized cells as well, called meristematic cells
Stem Cells
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Shoot System Root System
Meristematic regions contain cells that divide and differentiate into specialized tissues of new stalks, leaves, and flowers.
Meristematic cells in the root system specialize into different cells, needed for different tissues.
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Tissue Systems in Plants
Three major tissue systems:•
Dermal tissue system• Vascular tissue system•
Ground tissue system
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Each contain different types of specialized cells. These three types of tissue systems are found in all parts of the plants body.
Figure 1: 3 tissues present in leaf, shoot, and root
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Dermal Tissue System•
Forms the outer most layer of a plant•
Consists of two types of tissues
Epidermal tissue Periderm tissue
Epidermal tissue•
Single layer of closely packed cells •
Covers and protects the plant•
Like the plant’s “skin”
Periderm tissue•
Replaces epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth•
Consists of cork cells•
Protects plants (specifically from water loss, infections, and heat loss)
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Vascular Tissue System
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How a plant obtains and transports water and minerals from soil•
Consists of two types of tissues
Xylem Phloem
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Xylem ﴾zyeluhm﴿•
Made up of elongated cells•
Cells are hard walled•
Transports water and dissolved minerals upward from roots
Phloem ﴾flouhm﴿•
Made up of elongated cells•
Cells are soft walled and are alive when mature and functioning•
Transports solutions of sugar produced by photosynthesis ﴾transportation can occur downwards to the roots and stems﴿
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Phloem and Xylem
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Ground Tissue System
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Considered the filler between the dermal and vascular tissues
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Performs a variety of functions Supports the plant Provides storage for the plant
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Use the following words to make a Web Diagram of how the plant systems are organized.
Plant Systems
Dermal Tissue System
Vascular Tissue System
Ground Tissue System
Xylem Phloem
Epidermal Tissue
Peridermal Tissue
Support and Storage
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Work
Pg 133 #15
Read Pgs. 143144 and complete the Meristem Diagrams
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