4211 SAP HANA Data Modeling Fundamentals and New Functionality

© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 1

SAP HANA 1.0Modeling fundamentals and new functionality

Customer Solution Adoption (CSA)


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possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed by SAP at

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SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document, except if such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.


Agenda

� Modeling Fundamentals & Best Practices

� Analytical View & Calculation View Fundamentals

� Design time vs. Runtime objects

� General Modeling Principles

� Modeling new functionality


� Attribute Views (Dimensions, Time, Hierarchy, Derived)

� Analytical Views (Facts/Star Schemas)

� Calculation Views (Composite views, Modeled or Script)

� Transportable design time artifacts stored in the repository

� Database objects (Column store views) are generated from these

development artifacts

Lan

gau

ge

� Main procedural language of the SAP HANA database

� Push data intensive operations into the database

� Utilized in Calculation Views and Procedures

� Read-Only procedures (Calculation views, highly optimized,

potential of parallelism)

� Read-Write procedures (cursors, loops, conditions, transactions)

SQL Script

SAP HANA Modeling FundementalsM

od

eli

ng

Views


SAP HANA Modeling Best Practices

Analytical View Attribute View Column Table

Calculation View


Agenda







SAP HANA Analytical View

� Star schema consist of one fact table

containing the key figures

� Dimensions describe the key figures

and enrich the data

� Slicing and dicing is a feature whereby

users can take out (slicing) a specific

set of data and view (dicing) the slices

from different viewpoints

� Cardinality in star schemas is generally

N:1 fact to dimension

� Joins in star schemas are generally Left

Outer Joins

� Analytical models are highly optimized

for aggregating mass data

Analytical View

Attribute View Dimension

Left Outer

Fact Table

N N

1

11


SAP HANA Calculation View

� Several options available

� Modeling using the Graphical Modeler

� Write SQL Script and use CE Functions

� Write SQL Script and using SQL

� Suggested option = Graphical Modeler

� No SQL or SQL Script knowledge required

� Built-in Union Constant support

� Graphical & SQL Script + CE Functions

� Result in similar performance gains (e.g.

Field pruning, Parallelization, join

ommision)

� Standard SQL

� Does not provide field pruning and can be

less optimized. Useful for POCs and rapid

prototyping

Graphical

CE Functions

SQL


Agenda







SAP HANA Design Time vs. Runtime Time Objects

© SAP AG 2011

Column View

Activate

� Activation of models creates an

executable, optimized Column

(database) view of the model

� Front end’s queries column views and

as a result a specific execution plan is

instantiated based on fields requested

� Un-used fields are pruned; un-used

tables joins are omitted; filters are

pushed down

� Attributes are retrieved and Measures

are calculated in parallel

Design time Model

SELECT PERIO, VKORG, SUM(CM1)


Agenda







SAP HANA General Modeling Principles

Column

Store

Analytical

Views

Attribute

Views

Calculation Views

Client / Application

A B C D

A B C D G Y

A G Y

A G Y Z

Filter data amount as early as possible in the lower layers (CONSTRAINTS, WHERE Clause, Analytical Privileges..)

Aggregate data records (e.g using GROUP BY, reducing Coulmns)

Avoid transfer data of large resultsets between the HANA DB and client application

- Do calculation after aggregation.

- Avoid Complex expressions (IF, CASE, ... )

Join on Key Columns or Indexed Columns

Avoid calculations before aggregation on line item level

Reduce data transfer between views


SPART MATNR WERKS KWMENG

ABC DPC1017 100 60

FILTERS pushed down

SELECT SPART, MATNR, WERKS, SUM(KWMENG) FROM VIEW WHERE

WERKS = ? AND MATNR = ?

SELECT SPART

SUM(KWMENGA)SUM(KWMENGB) SUM(KWMENGC) SUM(TOTAL) FROM CALCVIEWWHERE MATNR = DPC1017GROUP BY SPART

OLAP AOLAP AOLAP A

SPART PLANT A PLANT B PLANT C TOTAL

ABC 60 60 0 120

SPART MATNR KWMENGA KWMENGB KWMENGC

ABC DPC1017 60 0 0

ABC DOC1017 0 60 0


ABC DPC1017 1000 60


- - - -

SAP HANA Basic Modeling Principle (Aggregate, filter, pushdown)


Agenda







SAP HANA – Variables & input parameters

� Variables and Parameters are usually entered

manually by the user using UI Prompts

� Variables are bound to attributes and used to filter

using WHERE clauses (Single, Interval, Range)

� Input Parameters are passed by Placeholders and

used in Formulas (Attribute, Currency, Date,

Static List)

� It is the task of the client to convert the user input

into either WHERE clause or Placeholders when

accessing the data

Devine Variable

Use Variable as a Prompt


SAP HANA - Aggregation Node

� A new Aggregated Columns folder is visible in the output of a Graphical Calculation View

� The definition of the specific aggregation type is maintained in the property view

� Only columns of numerical & date data types are allowed (like for measures)

� The calculation and filtering occurs after the aggregation

Aggregation


SAP HANA - Exceptional Aggregation

� A new Counters folder is visible in the output view of a Graphical Calculation view

� Ability to define Count Distinct functions based on specific Dimensions (1..N)

Count


SAP HANA - Optional Measures

� Within Calculation views measures can now be made optional

� The output node instead will be a projection node

� Models should be simple SQL views that do not automatically aggregate the measures

Multidimensional

Reporting Flag

� The output node does not offer any measures

(or hierarches) but just attributes

� The Calculation view is not consumable via

MDX (Explorer / AAO)

� The Calculation view is only consumable via

SQL

� To disable measures set the Multidimensional

Reporting flag accordingly within the

properties view


SAP HANA - Join Suggestions

� The goal is to simplify modeling by proposing tables and suggesting joins

� This features is available in both Attribute and Analytical Views

� Prerequisite: table DD08L needs to exist in HANA

� Select Propose Tables, then choose the required tables

� Highlight all the tables and select Suggest Joins

Propose Tables

Suggest Joins


SAP HANA - Analytical Privileges

� In addition to equal and between SP4 provides GE (greater equal), LE (less equal) and

CP (contains pattern), GT (Greater Than) and LT (Less Than)


SAP HANA - Intellisense

� Intellisence assistance provided in SQL editor and function editors

� Provides both the function Syntax details and code Examples


SAP HANA - Multi User Support

� The same object will not exist in the inactive workspace of several users

� Only one inactive version of any object is allowed

� In addition there is now functionality to discard an inactive version and to return it to the

active status

� System Privileges - REPO.WORK_IN_FOREIGN_WORKSPACE required


SAP HANA - Union

� Constant Union enhancement

� Allow to add unmapped columns that

only have a constant mapping

� Additionally it is required to specify a

data type

� Example. The Planned vs. Actual

indicator can now be set in the Union

instead of defining the flag within a

Projection node

Constant Union

Manage Mapping


SAP HANA – Attribute views

Table Aliases

Add the same table to an Attribute View multiple times with the assignment of an alias.

Upon selecting a table twice the system will prompt for an alias.

Hide attributes

Functionality to hide attributes has

been extended to attribute views

from within the context of an

analytic view.


SAP HANA - Auto Documentation

� Generate the metadata documentation for information models and packages created on

SAP HANA systems


Thank You!

SAP Labs, LLC

SAP Customer Solution Adoption


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4211 SAP HANA Data Modeling Fundamentals and New Functionality