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Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
1,000+
600 to 999
400 to 599
200 to 399
100 to 199
Fewer than 100
Volume of publications supporting SDG1Key themes in SDG1 Research
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Côte
d'Ivo
ire
Luxem
bourg
Bosnia
and
Her
zego
vina
Irelan
dPer
u
Switzer
land
Greec
eEgy
ptLao
sIsr
ael
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
2,500
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Ghana
Kenya
Ethiop
ia
Bangla
desh
Nigeria
South
Afri
ca
Indones
ia
Colom
bia
Pakist
an
Malays
ia0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
United S
tates
China
United K
ingdom
Germ
any
Australi
a
South
Afri
ca
France
Canad
aIta
lyIndia
4.5%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.2%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.07Field-Weighted Citation Impact
11,323Publications
in period
62.4%Publications from
high-income locations
2.1%Publications from
low-income locations
25.9%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG1 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.5% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG1, followed by the United Kingdom, China, India and Australia. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 6,300 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and South Africa) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). Four low income locations featured in the top 50: Ethiopia (122 publications), Tanzania (82 publications), Uganda (70 publications) and Nepal (58 publications).
The top five locations for which research on SDG1 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Nigeria.
International collaboration yielded 26% of research on SDG1. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 7% of their total SDG1 research, while nearly 70% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG1 research was above average for four out of five years, with an average of 1.07 over the period.
No poverty1
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
5,000+
3,000 to 4,999
1,000 to 2,999
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than100
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
5,000
Switz
erlan
d
Madag
asca
r
Côte d'
Ivoire
Austria
Denm
ark
Costa
Rica
Irelan
dCuba
Sweden
Venez
uela0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Niger
Mali
Zimba
bwe
Kenya
Burkina F
aso
Benin
Malawi
Ethiop
ia
Zambia
Tanza
nia0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
12,000
United S
tates
China
United K
ingdom
Germ
any
Brazil
Australi
a
France
Canad
aIta
lyIndia
Volume of publications supporting SDG2Key themes in SDG2 Research
9.6%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.3%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.14Field-Weighted Citation Impact
93,390Publications
in period
55.1%Publications from
high-income locations
2.0%Publications from
low-income locations
11.2%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Research supporting SDG2 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.6% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG2, followed by the China, India, UK and Brazil. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 26,000 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). Two low income locations featured in the top 50: Ethiopia (1,065 publications) and Tanzania (501 publications).
The top five locations for which research on SDG2 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Niger, Mali, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Burkina Faso.
International collaboration yielded 11% of research on SDG2. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 7% of their total SDG2 research, while 60% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG2 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.14 over the period.
Zero hunger2
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG3Key themes in SDG3 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
300,000+
100,000 to 299,999
30,000 to 99,999
10,000 to 29,999
2,000 to 9,999
Fewer than 2,000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)Qata
r
Icelan
d
Switzer
land
Finland
Denm
ark
Belgium
Hungary
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Estonia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
2.5
Uganda
Ethiop
ia
Kenya
Ghana
Leban
on
Nether
lands
Denm
ark
Peru
United S
tates
Sweden
0
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
United S
tates
China
Germ
any
Japa
nIta
ly
Canad
a
France
Australi
aIndia
United K
ingdom
0.9%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
2.5%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.16Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3,349,291Publications
in period
74.6%Publications from
high-income locations
0.4%of Publications from low-income locations
20.9%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG3 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 0.9% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG3, followed by China, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 2.2 million publications); one is an upper-middle income locations (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG3 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana and Lebanon.
International collaboration yielded 21% of research on SDG3. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 2% of their total SDG3 research, while 66% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG3 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.16 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Good health & well-being
3
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG4Key themes in SDG4 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
2,000+
1,000 to 1,999
500 to 999
200 to 499
100 to 199
Fewer than 100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)Ken
ya
Costa
Rica
Urugu
ay
Switzer
land
France
Botswan
a
Tanza
nia
Vietn
amEgy
ptFiji0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Kazak
hstan
South
Afri
ca
New Zea
land
Australi
a
Nigeria
Hong K
ong
ChileBra
zil
Finland
Norway
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
Brazil
Spain
Russian
Feder
ation China
South
Afri
ca
Canad
a
Germ
any
Australi
a
7.6%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
0.5%Academic corporate
collaboration
0.96Field-Weighted Citation Impact
25,550Publications
in period
70.9%Publications from
high-income locations
0.5%Publications from
low-income locations
15.6%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG4 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG4, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil and the Russian Federation. Six of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 13,400 publications) and four are upper-middle income locations (Brazil, Russian Federation, China and South Africa). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG4 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Kazakhstan, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Nigeria.
International collaboration yielded 16% of research on SDG4. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 3% of their total SDG4 research, while 73% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG4 research was below average for four out of five years, with an average of 0.96 over the period.
Quality Education4
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG5Key themes in SDG5 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
4,000+
1,000 to 3,999
500 to 999
200 to 499
100 to 199
Fewer than 100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)Qata
r
Zambia
Camer
oon
Palesti
ne
Mozam
bique
Kyrgyz
stan
Ukrain
e
Côte d'
Ivoire Ira
q
Botswan
a0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
Canad
aIndia
Spain
Germ
any
Brazil
South
Afri
ca
Sweden
Australi
a0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Uganda
Kenya
Tanza
niaNep
al
Ghana
Ethiop
ia
South
Afri
ca
Bangla
desh
Nigeria
United K
ingdom 20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9 ,000
7.4%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
0.7%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.19Field-Weighted Citation Impact
35,625Publications
in period
78.5%Publications from
high-income locations
1.4%Publications from
low-income locations
17.3%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG5 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.4% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG5, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Spain. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 25,000 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (South Africa and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). Three low income locations featured in the top 50: Ethiopia (188 publications), Uganda (185 publications) and Tanzania (133 publications).
The top five locations for which research on SDG5 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Nepal and Ghana.
International collaboration yielded 17% of research on SDG5. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 7% of their total SDG5 research, while nearly 72% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG5 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.19 over the period.
Gender Equality5
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG6Key themes in SDG6 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
2,000 to 8,999
1,000 to 1,999
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
9,000+
Top 10 countries by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
China
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
Germ
any
Australi
aSpa
inBra
zil
Canad
aIta
lyIndia
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
China
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
Germ
any
Australi
aSpa
inBra
zil
Canad
aIta
lyIndia
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tanza
nia
Ethiop
iaNep
al
Kenya
Sri Lan
ka
Bangla
desh
Ghana
Philippin
es
South
Afri
ca
Jord
an20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
8.1%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
2.2%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.31Field-Weighted Citation Impact
46,074Publications
in period
58.8%Publications from
high-income locations
0.7%Publications from
low-income locations
28.6%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Clean water and sanitation
6
Research supporting SDG6 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 8.1% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
China produces the most research supporting SDG6, followed by the US, India, the United Kingdom and Australia. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 22,700 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG6 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Tanzania, Ethiopia, Nepal, Kenya and Sri Lanka.
International collaboration yielded 29% of research on SDG6. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 3% of their total SDG6 research, while nearly 63% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG6 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.31 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG7Key themes in SDG7 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
50,000+
10,000 to 49,999
5,000 to 9,999
1,000 to 4,999
100 to 999
Fewer than 100
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Norway
Austria
Finland
Nether
lands
Irelan
d
Switzer
land
Luxem
bourg
Sweden
Germ
any
Brunei
Daruss
alam
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
China
United S
tates
Germ
any
Italy
United K
ingdom
South
Kor
ea
France
Japa
nSpa
inIndia
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Moroc
co
Algeria
Latvia
Qatar
Maurit
ius
Brunei
Daruss
alam
United A
rab
Emira
tes
Palesti
ne
Bangla
desh
Libyan
Ara
b
Jam
ahiri
ya 2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
80,000
90,000
70,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
10,000
100,000
9.1%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
3.9%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.49Field-Weighted Citation Impact
383,354Publications
in period
57.2%Publications from
high-income locations
0.1%Publications from
low-income locations
22.6%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Affordable and clean energy
7
Research supporting SDG7 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.1% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
China produces the most research supporting SDG7, followed by the US, India, Germany and the United Kingdom. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 167,700 publications); one is an upper-middle income location (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG7 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Morocco, Algeria, Latvia, Qatar and Mauritius.
International collaboration yielded 23% of research on SDG7. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on less than 1% of their total SDG7 research, while 51% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG7 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.49 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG8Key themes in SDG8 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
10,000+
4,000 to 9,999
2,000 to 3,999
500 to 1,999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
0
2,000
6,000
4,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
United S
tates
China
Russian
Feder
ation India
Germ
any
Italy
Malays
ia
Australi
aSpa
in
United K
ingdom
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ghana
Zimba
bwe
Nigeria
Kazak
hstan
South
Afri
caLatv
ia
Indones
ia
Lithuan
ia
Ecuad
or
Malays
ia20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
20,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
25,000
Côte d'I
voire
Finland
Icelan
d
Luxem
bourg
Austria
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Bosnia
and
Herze
govin
aKuwait
Switzer
land
0
5
10
15
20
25
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
9.2%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.1%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.14Field-Weighted Citation Impact
89,498Publications
in period
61.0%Publications from
high-income locations
0.3%Publications from
low-income locations
20.8%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Decent work and economic growth
8
Research supporting SDG8 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.2% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG7, followed by China, the United Kingdom, Russia and Germany. Six of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 37,000 publications); three are upper-middle income locations (China, Russia and Malaysia) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG8 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Ghana, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kazakhstan and South Africa.
International collaboration yielded 21% of research on SDG8. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 2% of their total SDG8 research, while nearly 58% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG8 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.14 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG9Key themes in SDG9 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
5,000+
2,500 to 4,999
1,000 to 2,499
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Luxem
bourg
Finland
Norway
Irelan
d
Sweden
Germ
any
France
Belgium
Maced
onia
Botswan
a0
4
6
2
8
10
14
16
12
18
0
1,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
China
United S
tates
India
Germ
any
Italy
Spain
Australi
a
Indones
ia
Malays
ia
United K
ingdom
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4.5
4
5
Indones
ia
Malays
ia
Philippin
es
Kazak
hstan
Nigeria
South
Afri
ca
Bangla
desh
United A
rab
Emira
tes
Colom
bia
Moroc
co20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
8,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
7,000
3,000
5,000
9,000
9.1%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
2.4%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.2Field-Weighted Citation Impact
39,114Publications
in period
59.6%Publications from
high-income locations
0.2%Publications from
low-income locations
21.7%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
9
Research supporting SDG9 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.1% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
China produces the most research supporting SDG9, followed by the US, the United Kingdom, India and Italy. Six of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 15,000 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Malaysia) and two are lower-middle income locations (India and Indonesia). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG9 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Kazakhstan and Nigeria.
International collaboration yielded 22% of research on SDG9. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 1% of their total SDG9 research, while nearly 52% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG9 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.2 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG10Key themes in SDG10 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
5,000+
1,500 to 4,999
1,000 to 1,499
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
0
4,000
2,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
China
Australi
a
Canad
aSpa
inIndiaIta
ly
France
Germ
any
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4.5
4
5
Ghana
Luxem
bourg
South
Afri
ca
Lithuan
ia
Kenya
Norway
United K
ingdom
Nigeria
Ecuad
or
Bangla
desh
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
8,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
12,000
10,000
Côte d'
Ivoire
Burkina F
aso
Luxem
bourg
Peru
Costa
Rica
Cypru
s
Namibi
a
Cambo
dia
Maced
onia
Malawi
0
5
10
15
25
20
30
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.2%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
0.8%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.14Field-Weighted Citation Impact
47,227Publications
in period
77.8%Publications from
high-income locations
0.3%Publications from
low-income locations
20.0%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG10 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.2% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG10, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, China and Canada. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 31,700 publications); one is an upper-middle income location (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG10 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Ghana, Luxembourg, South Africa, Lithuania and Kenya.
International collaboration yielded 20% of research on SDG10. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 2% of their total SDG10 research, while nearly 65% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG10 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.14 over the period.
Reduced Inequalities10
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG11Key themes in SDG11 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
20,000+
10,000 to 19,999
5,000 to 9,999
1,000 to 4,999
500 to 999
Fewer than 500
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Irelan
d
Finland
Norway
Germ
any
Seneg
al
Denm
ark
Luxem
bourg
Costa
Rica
Sweden
Icelan
d0
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
4
10
0
10,000
5,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
China
United S
tates
India
Australi
aIta
lySpa
inBra
zil
Germ
any
Canad
a
United K
ingdom
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Ghana
Sri Lan
ka
Philippin
es
Ecuad
or
Nepal
Indones
ia
Bangla
desh
Kenya
Moroc
coLatv
ia20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
20,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
40,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
13.1%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.8%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.22Field-Weighted Citation Impact
141,331Publications
in period
60.4%Publications from
high-income locations
0.3%Publications from
low-income locations
22.6%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Sustainable Cities and Communities2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Research supporting SDG11 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 13.1% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
China produces the most research supporting SDG11, followed by the US, United Kingdom, India and Italy. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 62,500 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG11 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Ghana, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Ecuador and Nepal.
International collaboration yielded 23% of research on SDG11. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 1% of their total SDG11 research, while 65% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG11 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.22 over the period.
11
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG12Key themes in SDG12 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
10,000+
3,000 to 9,999
1,000 to 2,999
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
0
4,000
2,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
China
United S
tates
India
Germ
any
Italy
Spain
Brazil
Australi
a
Canad
a
United K
ingdom
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Ghana
Nigeria
Sri Lan
kaLatv
ia
Malays
ia
Lithuan
ia
Indones
ia
Ecuad
or
Bangla
desh
Philippin
es20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
15,000
10,000
5,000
25,000
20,000
Norway
Costa
Rica
Austria
Sweden
Switzer
land
Cuba
Nether
lands
Venez
uela
Icelan
d
Finland
0
2
6
8
4
12
10
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
11.6%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
2.0%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.36Field-Weighted Citation Impact
84,127Publications
in period
61.7%Publications from
high-income locations
0.2%Publications from
low-income locations
24.2%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Research supporting SDG12 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.6% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
China produces the most research supporting SDG12, followed by the US, United Kingdom, India and Italy. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 37,400 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG12 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Ghana, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Latvia and Malaysia.
International collaboration yielded 24% of research on SDG12. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 1% of their total SDG12 research, while nearly 58% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG12 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.36 over the period.
Responsible consumption and production
12
180,102Publications
in period
73.5%Publications from
high-income locations
0.4%Publications from
low-income locations
34.5%Publications with
international collaboration
6.3%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
2.1%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.37Field-Weighted Citation Impact
Key themes in SDG13 ResearchTop 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
Volume of publications supporting SDG13
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration by income bracket
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
International collaboration and research impact
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
20,000+
10,000 to 19,999
5,000 to 9,999
1,000 to 4,999
500 to 999
Fewer than 500
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
United S
tates
China
United K
ingdom
Germ
any
Australi
a
Canad
a
France
Spain
Italy
India0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Green
land
New C
aledo
nia Fiji
Panam
a
Bolivia Mali
Nepal
Benin
Kenya
Madag
asca
r20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Madag
asca
r
Venez
uela Peru
Norway
Irelan
d
Bolivia
Costa
RicaQata
r
Denm
ark
Finland
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
20 40 60 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Climate action
Research supporting SDG13 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.3% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG13, followed by China the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 139,000 publications); one is an upper-middle income location (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG13 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Greenland, New Caledonia, Fiji, Panama and Bolivia.
International collaboration yielded 34.5% of research on SDG13. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 2% of their total SDG13 research, while nearly 56% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG13 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.37 over the period.
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
13
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG14Key themes in SDG14 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
10,000+
5,000 to 9,999
1,000 to 4,999
500 to 999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
Seych
elles
Baham
as
Norway
Sweden
Libyan
Ara
b
Jam
ahiri
ya
Berm
uda
Seneg
al
Switzer
land
Venez
uelaQata
r0
5
15
20
10
25
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
25,000
United S
tates
China
Australi
a
France
Germ
any
Canad
aIndiaIta
lySpa
in
United K
ingdom
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
New
Caledo
niaNor
way
Icelan
d
Philippin
es
New Zea
land
Estonia
Portu
gal
Croati
aChile
Australi
a20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
15,000
10,000
5,000
25,000
20,000
5.1%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
3.5%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.1Field-Weighted Citation Impact
104,532Publications
in period
71.3%Publications from
high-income locations
0.04%Publications from
low-income locations
31.7%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG14 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.1% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG14, followed by China the United Kingdom, Australia and Germany. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 71,600 publications); one is an upper-middle income location (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). No low income locations featured in the top 50.
The top five locations for which research on SDG14 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are New Caledonia, Norway, Iceland, Philippines and New Zealand.
International collaboration yielded 32% of research on SDG14. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 1% of their total SDG14 research, while nearly 53% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG14 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.1 over the period.
Life below water14
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG15Key themes in SDG15 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
20,000+
5,000 to 19,999
2,000 to 4,999
500 to 1,999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
Venez
uela
Madag
asca
rLao
sCuba
Mongo
lia
Denm
ark
Norway
Switzer
land
Icelan
d
Irelan
d0
2
6
8
10
4
12
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
25,000
United S
tates
China
Germ
any
Canad
a
Australi
a
France
IndiaBra
zil
Spain
United K
ingdom
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Laos
Panam
a
Mongo
lia
Ethiop
ia
Costa
Rica
Burkina F
aso
Kenya
Zimba
bwe
Nepal
Tanza
nia20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
15,000
10,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
6.7%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.5%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.29Field-Weighted Citation Impact
111,202Publications
in period
66.1%Publications from
high-income locations
0.7%Publications from
low-income locations
32.5%Publications with
international collaboration
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Research supporting SDG15 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.7% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG15, followed by China, the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia. Seven of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 69,300 publications); two are upper-middle income locations (China and Brazil) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). One low income location featured in the top 50: Ethiopia (780 publications).
The top five locations for which research on SDG15 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Laos, Panama, Mongolia, Ethiopia and Costa Rica.
International collaboration yielded 33% of research on SDG15. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 3% of their total SDG15 research, while nearly 62% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG15 research was above average every year, with an average of 1.29 over the period.
Life on land15
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
Top 10 locations for corporate-academic collaboration
Top 10 locations by RAI *(Relative Activity Index)
International collaboration and research impact
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
International collaboration between income groups by location
*Relative Activity Index is a measure of the proportion of the country’s research output in the subject, relative to the proportion seen globally
Volume of publications supporting SDG16Key themes in SDG16 Research
Upper Middle Income
Lower Middle Income
Low Income
High Income
High Income Locations Upper Middle Income Locations
Lower Middle Income Locations Low Income Locations
Collaborationswith locations in...
20,000+
5,000 to 19,999
2,000 to 4,999
500 to 1,999
100 to 499
Fewer than 100
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
60,000
50,000
United S
tates
United K
ingdom
Canad
aIndia
Germ
any
China
Nether
landsIta
lySpa
in
Australi
a0
0.5
1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
4.0
Rwanda
Uganda
Palesti
ne
Zimba
bwe
South
Afri
ca
Leban
onKen
ya
Nigeria
Ghana
United K
ingdom 20
1520
1620
1720
1820
190
15,000
10,000
5,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
United
State
s
United K
ingdom
Canad
aIndia
Germ
any
China
Nether
landsIta
lySpa
in
Australi
a0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2.7%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
0.9%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.04Field-Weighted Citation Impact
169,330Publications
in period
78.3%Publications from
high-income locations
0.4%Publications from
low-income locations
13.5%Publications with
international collaboration
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Peace, justice and strong institutions
16
Research supporting SDG16 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 2.7% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields.
The US produces the most research supporting SDG16, followed by China, the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia. Eight of the 10 most prolific locations are high income locations (accounting for more than 111,300 publications); one is an upper-middle income location (China) and one is a lower-middle income location (India). Six low income locations feature in the top 50: Uganda (284 publications), Ethiopia (194 publications), Tanzania (163 publications), Nepal (128 publications), Rwanda (103 publications) and Malawi (58 publications).
The top five locations for which research on SDG16 represents the largest share of their research portfolio are Rwanda, Uganda, Palestine, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
International collaboration yielded 14% of research on SDG16. High income locations collaborated with low income locations on 37% of their total SDG16 research, while nearly 73% of the related output from low income locations came from collaboration with high income locations.
As a measure of academic impact measured by citation, the field weighted citation impact (FWCI) for SDG16 research was above average every year, with an averageof 1.04 over the period.
2015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
229Publications
in period
71.4%Publications from
high-income locations
3.0%Publications from
low-income locations
34.2%Publications with
international collaboration
More than 60
20 to 60
10 to 20
6 to 10
3 to 5
Less than 3
11.9%Compound Annual
Growth Rate in the period
1.3%Academic corporate
collaboration
1.86Field-Weighted Citation Impact
Top 10 locations by publication
Number of publications
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
United S
tates
United K
ingdom Ita
ly
Canad
a
Germ
any
China
Switzer
land
India
South
Afri
ca
Australi
a
Volume of publications supporting SDG17
International collaboration and research impact
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
0
15,000
10,000
5,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
00 20 6040 80 100
FWC
I
International Collaboration (%)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
What is FWCI?
Field-weighted citation impact is an indicator of scholarly impact based on the number of times the publication was cited in other research. An FWCI of above 1.0 indicates the impact is
above the normalised average
Research supporting SDG17 has grown since 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.9% compared to nearly 3.5% for research in all fields
Yet the data shows that more research is needed on SDG17. Research output, at 229 total publications, was the lowest among all the SDGs, and nearly 100% lower than SDG3 which had the highest output with more than three million total publications.
In order to advance the SDGs, partnerships are vital. They can help scale ambition and complement the strengths of respective partners, providing new perspectives on challenges. Prospective partners may have specialist sector knowledge, on the ground expertise, and/or provide access to key stakeholders which one partner does not have. Transparency is critical and partners should be clear about expectations and engage frequently.
A key RELX partner on the SDGs is the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) which brings UNGC signatories together with civil society partners to plan projects and develop tools and guidance that can help all companies increase their SDG performance. We support the UNGC SDG8 Action Platform – Decent Work and Economic Growth – which helps business address important SDG8 targets such as 8.7, “Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour.”
The UNGC is a partner, along with Global Citizen, the Ban Ki-Moon Centre for Global Citizens, and the Responsible Media Forum on RELX
SDG Inspiration Days, which convene business, government, investors, academia, youth and NGOs
– stakeholders needed to accelerate the SDGs – to explore positive, collaborative action.
Partnerships for the SDGs are also central to Elsevier’s mission to support inclusion and diversity, research capacity building, climate action and global health. One of the most compelling examples of how Elsevier contributes content, data, analytics, expertise and funding to build strong partnerships is Research4Life. For nearly 20 years, Elsevier has collaborated with UN agencies, publishers, key universities and non-profits to bridge the digital research divide for developing country researchers and healthcare workers. It provides a quarter of Research4Life content benefitting more than 10,000 registered institutions in over 125 countries.
This analysis builds on Elsevier’s Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape report, which was released in 2015 to coincide with the launch of the SDGs. See a 2017 update on key findings on the RELX SDG Resource Centre. Help us to provide insight into SDG research. Click here to review the researchSee the methodology and definitions
RELX and the RE symbol are trademarks of RELX Group plc, used under license. Elsevier is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. © 2020 RELX Sources: Scopus®
Partnership for the goal172015-2019 Output, Impact, Collaboration
Key themes in SDG17 Research