7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

1/10

(45-A): Europe

Chapter in detail:

Introduction

Latitude : 34051'N to 81047'N

Longitude : 24033'W to 69003'EPopulation : 60 crores

Area: 1,04,98,000 sq. km.Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after America.

Situation : Europe is situated between Ural Mountains in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in thewest, in the west of Asia, and north of Africa. To the north of Europe lies Arctic Ocean, to the

south lies the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains and to the East UralMountains and the Caspian Sea.

Europe and Asia as one common landmass, is known as Eurasia.

Greatest extent, North-South : 4300 km

Greatest extent, East-West : 5600 km

Principal Countries

Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

2/10

Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,

San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, VaticanCity State, Yugoslavia.

Countries of Scandinavia

Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland are collectively known as Scandinavia.

EUROPE : PHYSICAL

Important Gulfs and Bays

Name Separates Part of Sea or Ocean

Gulf of Riga Estonia and Latvia Baltic Sea.

Gulf of Finland Finland and Estonia Baltic Sea.

Gulf of Bothnia Sweden and Finland Baltic Sea.

English Channel Britain and Spain Atlantic Ocean.

Bay of Biscay France and Spain Atlanic Ocean.

Gulf of Lions Lies to the south of France Mediterranean Sea.

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

3/10

Important Seas

NameLOCATION, (PART OF

OCEAN)RIVERS DRAINING

INTO THEM

Mediterranean SeaSeparates Europe from Africa,

Strait of Gibralter connects it to

the Atlantic

Tiber (Italy) (France)Ebro (Spain)

White Sea North of Russia, Arctic OceanMezen, N. Divina,

andOnega.

Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean Vistula and Oder.

North Sea

Wide continental shelves of North

Sea, called as Dogger Bank is oneof the most productive regions forfishing in the world.

North sea is connected to theBaltic Sea through Kiel Canal.

East of the United Kingdom,Atlantic Ocean

Elbe and Weser(Germany) and Rhine

(Netherland)

Irish SeaLies between Great Britain and

Ireland, Atlantic Ocean.

Adriatic SeaNorth east of Italy, Mediterranean

Sea.Po (Italy.)

Ionian SeaLies between Greece and Italy,

Mediterranean Sea.

Balck Sea Separates Europe from Asia Dnepr, Dnster, Danube.

Sea of AzovSouth east of Ukraine, North of

Black SeaDon.

Sea of Marmara South westof Black Sea.Connects Black Sea andAegean Sea

Aegean SeaLies between Greece and Anatolia

Peninsula (Turkey), Mediterranean

Sea.

Important Straits

Name Separates Connects

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

4/10

Strait of Gibralter

(Known as Key to theMediterranean).

Europe and AfricaMediterranean Sea withAtlantic Ocean.

Strait of BonifacioSardina islands. (Italy) and

Corsica (France)

Tyrhenian Sea with

Mediterranean Sea.

Strait of Messina Sicily and Peninsular ItalyTyrhenian Sea withMediterranean Sea.

Strait of Otranto Italy and Balkan Peninsula Adriatic Sea with Ionian Sea.

Bosporus StraitIstanbul and Anatolia

Peninsula (Turkey)

Black Sea with Sea of

Marmara.

Strait of Kerch Kerch (Ukraine) and Russia Sea of Azov with Black Sea.

Dardanelles Strait Balkan Peninsula and AntoliaPeninsula

Sea of Marmara with AegeanSea.

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

5/10

Important Rivers of Europe

Rivers of Italy Outflow City Located

Po

The principal lowland of Italy is the fertile northern plain

formed by the countrys longest river the Po (.652 km) and itstributaries. South West flowing river of Italy

Adriatic Sea Venice (Italy)

Tiber

Delta : Cuspate.

Mediterranean

SeaRome (Italy)

Garrone Bay of Biscay Bordeaux

Loire Bay of Biscay Nantes.

Seine English channel Paris, Rouen and

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

6/10

Le Havre.

Other River of Europe Outflow City/Located

Rhone It flows through Lake Geneva of Switzerland

Its tributary Saone meet near Lyon of France

(Gulf of Lions) Lyon (France)

Ebro (Spain) Cantabarian Mountain MediterraneanSea Zaragoza (Spain)

Guadalquivir (Spain) Atlantic Ocean. Seville (Spain)

Tagus (Spain and Portugal) Atlantic Ocean Lisbon (Portugal)

Douro

Douro basin is known for wine (Port wine) in westPortugal.

Atlantic Ocean Oporto (Portugal)

Weser

Flows in Germany.

Bremerhaven (Germany) lies on its mouth.

North Sea Bremen (Germany)

Elbe River flows in Germany

Hamburg (Germany) is located on its mouth.

North SeaDresden and

Magdeburg

Oder

Follows almost the border of Germany of

Polant/BalticSea/Stettin

Wista (Vistula)

Flows in PolandBaltic Sea

Warsaw, the

capital city.

NORTH FLOWING RIVERS FROMWEST TO

EAST INFOMATION

Onega, N. Dvina, and MezenFlows through European Plain into the

White Sea.

SOUTH EAST FLOWING RIVER SOURCE OUTFLOWCITY

LOCATED

Volga (Europes longest river, 3,690km)ValdasPlateau

Caspian SeaSaratov,Volgograd

DonTula

(Black Sea)

Sea of Azov

Rostov

Danube

Black

Forest(Germany)

Black Sea

Linz, Viena,

Budapest,Belgrade

If flows in Middle Europe through Austria, Slovakia

Hungary and the northern part of Yugoslavia andRomania.

It is the only river in the world which touches or

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

7/10

crosses right countries.

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

8/10

Important Mountains

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

9/10

7/29/2019 (45-A) Europe

10/10