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LIPI Press

ProceedingASeAn coSAT 2014

The Proceeding of ASeAn conference on Science And Technology 2014

– 9Th ASeAn Science And Technology Week (ASTW-9)

Innovation for better ASEAN Community:Science and Technology Innovation in Food, Energy, Water and Related Topics for ASEAN Development.

Editor in ChiefProf. Dr. Estiko Rijanto

© 2014 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Cataloging in Publication DataProceeding of ASEAN Conference on Science and Technology 2014/Estiko Rijanto (Ed.). – Jakarta: LIPI Press, 2014. pp. xvi + pp. 562; 17,6 x 25 cm ISBN 978-979-799-812-7 1. ASEAN COSAT 2. Science and Technology

600

Copyeditor : Sri Suratmini Nugroho Annisa WaharyudistiProofreader : Martinus HelmiawanLayouter : Ariadni Siti QomariyahCover Designer : Junaedi Mulawardana

First Edition : December 2014Abstracts available online at penerbit.lipi.go.id

Published by:LIPI Press, member of IkapiJln. Gondangdia Lama 39, Menteng, Jakarta 10350Phone: (021) 314 0228, 314 6942Fax.: (021) 314 4591E-mail: press@mail.lipi.go.id

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conTenTS

Editorial Foreword The Remarks by the Indonesia National ASEAN COST ChairPreface by Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia

ScB (14)GAmmA RADIATION INDuCED ChANGES OF mOLECuLAR AND PhyTOChEmI-CAL PROFILES ON muTANTS OF AndrogrAphis pAniculAtA (BuRm.F.) WAL-LICh Ex NESS

(J. I. Royani, et al.)

ThE ChEmICAL CONSTITuENT AND ANTIOxIDANT ACTIvITy OF ThE (-)-EPI-CAThECIN FROm ANENDOPhyTIC FuNGuS Mycoleptodiscus indicus

(P. C. mawarda, T. Ernawati and y. Srikandace)

POTENCy OF hIBISCuS (hibiscus rosA-sinensis L.) AS ANTIOxIDANT TO RE-DuCE CARBON TETRA ChLORIDE COmPOuNDS IN RED BLOOD CELLS

(D. Priadi and Kusmiati)

PuRIFICATION OF BIOACTIvE PEPTIDE WITh PROTEASES INhIBITORy ACTIvI-TIES FROm streptoMyces Misionensis

(J. m. yusoff, K. Simaran and Z. Alias)

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SCREENING OF LOCALLy ISOLATED XAn-thoMonAs SP.

(N. I. S. Bokhari, K. Simarani and m. S. m. Annuar)

uLTRAvIOLET IRRADIATION EFFECT OF penicilliuM chrysogenuM ON PENI-CILLIN PRODuCTION

(D. hardianto, et al.)

ISOLATION AND CLONING OF PARTIAL her-2 GENE FROm INDONESIAN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS FOR DNA vACCINE DEvELOPmENT

(Desriani and L. Triratna)

hETEROLOGOuS ExPRESSION OF RECOmBINANT PLANTARICIN WS34 IN esch-erichiA coli

(A. S. Putri, et al.)

EvALuATION OF LOW TEmPERATuRE INDuCED muTANT OF SOyBEAN mOSAIC vIRuS FOR CROSS PROTECTION IN SOyBEAN

(W. R. Andayanie and P. G. Adinurani.)

PROCESS DESIGN OF PEPTONE PRODuCTION FROm PEANuT mEAL AS By-PRODuCT OF PEANuT OIL INDuSTRy uSING CRuDE PAPAIN

(m. Rahayuningsih and N.G. Wiranti)

POTENCy OF IAA hORmONE PRODuCED By ENDOPhyTES BACTERIA ISOLATED FROm shoreA selAnicA ON SuPPORTING ThE GROWTh OF pArAserinthes FAlcAtAriA

(T. Widowati, et al.)

PRODuCTION AND ChARACTERIZATION OF ThE BIOSuRFACTANT By ThE FORmATION OF GLyCOLIPID ISOLATED FROm pseudozyMA hubeiensis y10BS025

(m. Sari, F. Afiati and W. Kusharyoto)

APPLICATION OF mARKER ASSISTED SELECTION AND SENSORy TEST FOR SELECTING AROmA ON F2 PROGENy OF RICE DERIvED FROm CROSSING BE-TWEEN CIhERANG x BASmATI

(S. Sari, et al.)

DEvELOPmENT OF RICE LINES RESISTANT TO BROWN PLANThOPPER WITh AROmATIC TRAITS: SELECTION BASED ON mOLECuLAR mARKER

(A. P. Asri, N. Carsono and S. Amien)

ScSer (12)ASSESSmENT OF E-WASTE RECOvERy FACILITIES IN SELANGOR AND KuALA LumPuR, mALAySIA

(N. A. m. Nordin and P. Agamuthu)

PuBLIC PERCEPTION ON CuRRENT WASTE mANAGEmENT SySTEm: A mALAy-SIAN CASE STuDy

(S. h. Fauziah and S. F. Ser)

BIOmASS FLOW AND CARBON SEquESTRATION IN AN ORGANIC FARm (L. h. yeng and P. Agamuthu)

BIOmASS GASIFICATION FOR POWER GENERATION uSING DuAL ChAmBER CIRCuLATING FLuIDIZED BED REACTOR

(h. Wahyu, et al.)

ROOF mOuNTED mICRO-WIND TuRBINE FOR POWER GENERATION IN COAST-AL hOuSING IN SEmARANG, INDONESIA

(D. P. Sari)

PERFORmANCE OF A RADIAL TuRBINE FOR SmALL ORGANIC RANKINE CyCLE POWER GENERATION SySTEm

(m. Arifin, B. Wahono and A. D. Pasek)

EFFECT OF REACTION TImE AND CELLuLASE LOADING ON DILuTE ALKALI PRETREATmENT OF SuGARCANE BAGASSE TO PRODuCE FERmENTABLE SuG-ARS FOR BIOEThANOL PRODuCTION

(T. Fajriutami dan Rizky Rissa Bella)

PERFORmANCE OF mICROBES CONSORTIum ON SINGLE-ChAmBER mICRO-BIAL FuEL CELL AS ELECTRICITy GENERATION

(D. Rahayuningwulan, D. Permana dan h. E. Putra)

hEAT RELEASE ANALySIS OF A TWO CyLINDERS IN DIESEL ENGINE FuELLED WITh EThANOL-DIESEL BLENDS

(y. Putrasari, et al.)

AN EvALuATION FOR ENZymATIC SACChARIFICATION OF FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES FROm SECONDARy FOREST IN WEST KALImANTAN

(L. Risanto, et al.)

A NOvEL mICROWAvE-BIOLOGICAL PRETREATmENT EFFECT ON CELLuLOSE AND LIGNIN ChANGES OF BETuNG BAmBOO (dendrocAlAMus Asper)

(W. Fatriasari, et al.)

ThE EmERGENCE OF BIOGAS TEChNOLOGy FOR REDuCING RuRAL POvERTy: EmPIRICAL STuDIES IN JAvA ISLAND

(L. Ariana)

ScMg (9)ASSESSmENT OF EROSION POTENTIALS ON vARIOuS CROPPING PATTERNS uS-ING uSLE: CASE OF SuBANG REGION, WEST JAvA

(R. I. Sholihah, et al.)

NEW STAGE OF INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON CLImATOLOGICAL OB-SERvATION

(m. D. yamanaka)

SImuLTANEOuS CORRELATION ANALySIS OF AuSTRALIAN SummER mONSOON INDEx (AuSmI) AGAINST RAINFALL IN BALI REGION

(S. mujiasih and I. G. A. Purbawa)

DEvELOPING STRATEGy FOR mONITORING AND DECISION SuPPORT SySTEm FOR SmOKE hAZE TRANS-BOuNDARy PROBLEm WIThIN ASEAN REGION

(S. D. A. Kusumaningtyas)

ThE POTENTIAL ImPACT OF CARBON mONOxIDE EmISSION TO ThE COmmu-NITy hEALTh IN ThE vICINITy OF BARANANGSIANG TOLL GATES

(y. v. Paramitadevi, A. S. yuwono, and m. Widyarti)

ThE mEChANISm OF DRy mID-ATmOSPhERE IN ThE WESTERN mARITImE CONTINENT DuRING RAINy SEASON IN 2014

(Supari, et al.)

DESIGN OF AuTOmATIC mEASuREmENT INSTRumENT FOR WATER DIS-ChARGE ON DRAINAGE mONITORING SySTEm

(R. T. Wahyuni)

ACEhSEIS, A LOCAL SEISmIC ExPERImENT IN BENER mERIAh AND CENTRAL ACEh

(m. muzli, et al.)

SELECTION OF GLOBAL GmPES mODELS FOR SEISmIC hAZARDS ASSESSmENTS IN INDONESIA (CASE STuDy SumATRA-JAvA AREA)

(A. Rudyanto, et al.)

ScMiT (7)LED-BASED SPECTROmETER FOR ADvANCED ChEmISTRy LABORATORy Ex-PERImENTS

(m. A. Alagao, et al.)

INTRODuCTION INvESTIGATION: ExECuTIvE INFORmATION SySTEm FOR uNIvERSITy

(S. Warnars, Sasmoko and N. Susianna)

DESIGN OF ImPLEmENTATION DELAy TOLERANT AT WIRELESS mESh NET-WORKS uSING IBR-DTN AND BATmAN-ADv

(h. yuliandoko, S. Sukaridhoto and m. u. h. A. Rasyid)

DEvELOPmENT OF A PROGRAmmABLE muLTIPuRPOSE FORCED CONvECTION TyPE DRyER

(E. C. Guevarra)

A STuDy OF NETWORK SPEECh RECOGNITION uSING TCP(A. Jarin, K. Ramli and Suryadi)

AuRAL AND PhOTONIC SPECTRum BASED DIGITAL PEST CONTROLLER FOR ORyZA SATIvA (RICE)

(I. A. P. Banlawe)

DEvELOPmENT OF PROGRAmmABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)-BASED COF-FEE PuLPER FOR WET PROCESS

(m. R. Perena)

ScMST (13)EFFECT OF SINTERING TEmPERATuRE RATE ON PhySICAL PROPERTIES OF PO-ROuS TRICALCIum PhOSPhATE (TCP) CERAmICS

(A. Fadli, A. Rasyid and R. Firmansyah)

STuDy OF KINETICS AND ThERmODyNAmICS AS WELL AS ThE EFFECT OF ThE PRESENCE OF CO-IONS IN INFLuENCING ADSORPTION Cu2+ ION By COAL FLy ASh ADSORBENT

(A. Zakaria, et al.)

ORGANOPhOSPhORuS (OPS) IN ThE ENvIRONmENT: EFFECTS OF REPEATED APPLICATION OF ChLORPyRIFOS ON AGRICuLTuRAL SOIL

(C. Carol and S. h. Fauziah)

BONDED PRFEB mAGNET: FABRICATION AND ChARACTERIZATION (D. Aryanto, et al.)

EFFECT OF SINTERING TEmPERATuRE ON DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SILICA PREPARED FROm RICE huSK ASh

(qudratun, et al.)

SyNThESIS AND ChARACTERIZATION OF AL-DOPED LIThIum TITANATE LI-4TI5O12 AS ANODE mATERIAL FOR LI-ION BATTERy

(S. Priyono, et al.)

CELLuLOSE FIBERS FROm OIL PALm FRONDS REINFORCED POLyLACTIC ACIDB COmPOSITE

(F. A. Syamani, y. D. Kurniawan and L. Suryanegara)

ISOLATION AND ChARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN FROm ALKALINE PRETREAT-mENT BLACK LIquOR OF OIL PALm EmPTy FRuIT BuNCh AND SuGARCANE BAGASSE

(m. A. R. Lubis, et al.)

ChANGES IN ThE CELLuLOSE CRySTALLINITy DuRING DIFFERENT PhASES OF DISTILLED vETIvER ROOT CELLuLOSE FIBERS DEvELOPmENT

(F. A. Syamani, et al.)

BIOEThANOL PRODuCTION uSING SAcchAroMyces cerevisiAe ImmOBIL-ISED ON FRESh AND mODIFIED SuGARCANE BAGASSE

(S. h. Anita, et al.)

EFFECT OF Ph ON ExTRACTION EFFICIENCy AND DISTRIBuTION IN NICKEL ION SEPARATION uSING SOLvENT ExTRACTION

(A. maimulyanti and A. R. Prihadi)

EThOxyLATED GLyCEROL mONOOLEATE: PALm OIL BASED NONIONIC SuR-FACTANT FOR OIL-IN-WATER EmuLSION SySTEmS

(I. B. Adilina, et al.)

CONvERSION OF CITRONELLA OIL AND ITS DERIvATIvES TO mENThOL OvER BIFuNCTIONAL NICKEL ZEOLITE CATALySTS

(I. B. Adilina, et al)

APPendiXEditorial BoardAuthors Index

ediToriAl foreWord

The ASEAN Conference on Science and Technology 2014 was held in Bogor - Indonesia on August 18th–19th, 2014. The conference was a part of activities of the 9th ASEAN Science and Technology Week (ASTW) event under the theme “Innovations from the most Dynamic Region on Earth” which was held on August 18th–28th 2014. It is a triennial event of the ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology (COST). Innovation for better ASEAN Community was selected as the sub-theme for the Conference. The Conference covered all subcommittees and flagships in a focused topic, i.e. Science and Technology Innovation in food, energy, water and related topics for ASEAN development.

The Proceeding of ASEAN Conference on Science and Technology 2014 – 9th ASEAN Science and Technology Week (ASTW-9) contains papers which had been presented and discussed in the parallel sessions during the Conference and have undergone review process. The authors come from Indonesia, malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Japan.

This proceeding is an excellent result of collaborative work. We would like to express our gratitude to international editorial board members, reviewers, authors and the publisher for the quality of their works. We would also convey our sincere appreciation to ASEAN Secretariat, The ministry of Research, Technology and higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia and JAIF for their continued support.

We hope this proceeding could be a constructive contribution in development of science and technology, especially among ASEAN member states.

Jakarta, 20 November 2014Editor in Chief

Prof. Dr. Estiko Rijanto

The reMArkS By The indoneSiA nATionAl ASeAn coST chAir

The 9th ASEAN Science and Technology Week (the 9th ASTW) was successfully organized by the ministry of Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia at Bogor, West Java from 18th to 28th August 2014. ASTW event is a flagship project of the ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology (ASEAN COST) which is aimed at demonstrating major achievements made and exploring potential of S&T generated both in ASEAN member Countries and Dialogue Partners. The ASTW is conducted triennially on a rotational basis amongst ASEAN member Countries. This forum is expected to be used as a media for opening windows of opportunities for the triple helix plus societal communities (ABG-S) to promote networking and to expand their S&T co-operations, not only amongst the ASEANs, but also with ASEAN Dialogue Partners. As the ASTW is deemed as an important event; therefore, Indonesia has been very pleased to host the ASTW twice, in 2005 (7th ASTW) and in 2014 (9th ASTW). As a reference other member countries holding the previous ASTW are: malaysia (1st, 1986), Philippine (2nd in 1989 and 8th in 2008), Singapore (3rd in 1992), Thailand (4th in 1995), viet Nam (5th in 1998), and Brunei Darussalam (6th in 2001).

The 9th ASTW was proceeded by the 4th ASEAN Science Congress and Sub Committee Conferences or known as the ASEAN Science and Technology Conference 2014 (ASEAN COSAT 2014). It was opened by former minister of Research and Technology the Republic of Indonesia, Prof. Dr. Ir. Gusti muhammad hatta, m.Si on August 18th 2014. The ASEAN COSAT 2014 was organized in two days with the following agendas: (1) Convener by Organizing Committee Chairman, Prof. Dr. Estiko Rijanto; (2) Opening Remarks by his Excellency Prof. Dr. Ir. Gusti muhammad hatta; (3) Plenary session Day 1 by four keynote speakers: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Sweden by Dr. Sven Thore holm (Sweden), Innovation and Entrepreneurship in ASEAN: Challenge and Opportunities by Dr. Warsito P. Taruno (Indonesia), ASEAN as a driving force of global innovation by Dr. haruo Takeda from hitachi Ltd (Japan), Science and Technology Innovation for Food Security by Prof. Ram Rajasekhran (India); (4)Oral Parallel session Day 1 (7 Sub Committees in 7 Rooms) and Poster session

Day 1; (5)Plenary session Day 2 by five keynote speakers: Blue Economy for Small Island Developing State by mr. Nico Barito (Ambassador, Republic of Seychelles), human environmental security in ASEAN: Water –Energy-Food Nexus by Prof. Robert Delinom (LIPI, Indonesia), Basic material research for renewable energy applications by Dr. Nicola Seriani (The Abdus Salam ICTP, Italy), An Application of Synchrotron-based x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy on materials by Dr. Pinit Kidkhunthod (Thailand), and China-ASEAN Technology Transfer Center: a Great Boost to China-ASEAN Science and Technology Cooperation and Technology Innovation by Dr. ye Bo (People Republic of China); (6)Oral Parallel sessions Day 2 (7 Sub Committees in 7 Rooms) and Poster session Day 2.

We are pleased to see the completion of The Proceeding of ASEAN Conference on Science and Technology 2014 – 9th ASEAN Science and Technology Week (ASTW-9). As a scientific documentation it will contribute to the development of science and technology especially among ASEAN member states.

Finally we would like to convey our gratitude to the international edito-rial board and reviewers who have dedicated up to the end in completing this proceeding.

Jakarta, 20 November 2014Indonesia National ASEAN COST Chair

Dr. Agus R. hoetman

PrefAceThe MiniSTer of reSeArch, Technology And

higher educATion, The rePuBlic of indoneSiA

First, I would like to congratulate all of the ASEAN Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy makers and scientists, for the success of the 9th ASEAN Science and Technology Week (9th ASTW) spectacular event, which was conducted in Bogor, 18–27 August 2014. I acknowledged that out of 15 activities, the 4th ASEAN Science and Technology Congress and Conferences (18–19 August 2014), is one of a very important activities, which aims to expose all of S&T achievements in the past 6 years, since the 8th ASTW in manila (2008). Therefore, special gratitude was also delivered to the ASEAN joint committe for this congress and conference.

Secondly, I would like to take this opportunity to inform you that as of October 20, 2014, the former Indonesian ministry of Research and Technology (RISTEK) has been transformed into the ministry of Reserach, Technology and higher Education (RISTEK-DIKTI). With regard to this development, I am convinced that Indonesian commitment in the ASEAN Committe on Science and Technology (ASEAN COST) would be more firmed and continued, especially in supporting the implementation of ASEAN Plan of Action on Science, Technology and Innovation (APASTI) 2015–2020, with its vision on “A Science, Technology and Innovation-enabled ASEAN which is innovative, vibrant, sustainable and economically integrated”.

APASTI 2015–2020 has several goals, among others are to encourage active collaboration between public and private sectors, and to improve human resources, through capacity building and talent mobility. All of these goals are in line with RISTEK-DIKTI ministry in the next five years. Therefore, I am expecting that most of ‘research results presented in this ASEAN congtess and conference’ could be ‘leveraged up’ into prototypes (lab and industrial scales), which then the ‘useful and valuable products’ could be massively produced to fulfill the ASEAN

and world markets. In addition, I also believe that both of the academic papers and their commercial transformations into the valuable reserach products would encourage more numbers of techno-entrepreneurs in ASEAN countries, as one solution to the global challanges that we should face together.

Ending my remarks, I would like to emphasize that developing a proceeding after the congress and conference is surely very useful to empower Indonesia as the ‘knowledge-based society’country, as well as to expose the scientific results and achievements to the users, industries and societies. Regarding this, I would like to express my appreciation to the editorial board and reviewers for the efforts and commitments of the International editorial boards and reviewers, as well as the publishers, who have been working hard to the completion of the 4th ASEAN Conference on Science and Technology (ASEAN COSAT 2014). I am sure this proceeding would lead to STI product commercializations in the future, which benefit all of the ASEAN and world community.

Jakarta, 20 November 2014minister of Research, Technology and higher Education,

The Republic of Indonesia

Prof. Dr. m. Nasir

1

SCB

2

GAMMA RADIATION INDUCED CHANGES OF MOLECULAR AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES ON MUTANTS OF AndrogrAphis

pAniculAtA (BURM.F.) WALLICH Ex NESS

J. I. Royania,*, A. Purwitob, W. Sumaryonoa, D. Hardiantoa and A. Mahsunaha

aThe Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology 630 Bld PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, Tangerang

b Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture-Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University,

Darmaga, Bogor

Abstract

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness is a medicinal plant that became the pre-eminent national and prospective to be developed in Indonesia. Self pollination and habitual inbreeder from sambiloto affected the low of genetic variation. Quality improvement of the plants is one strategy that can be used to increase the genetic diversity and improve the content of the active compounds in medicinal plants. One method to improve genetic diversity and the content of active compounds is by using radiation. The aim of this research was to find out changes in mutant characters of sambiloto plants irradiated with gamma rays on molecular and phytochemicals profiles. Sambiloto seeds were irradiated using gamma rays Cobalt 60 and grown vegetatively with ex vitro propagation from M1V1 to M1V4 generations. Molecular analysis of mutant by 10 primers of ISSR marker was used to obtain DNA profiles. Determination of phytochemical profiles of mutant at M1V4 generation was done by using HPLC method. The results showed that 5 primers out of 10 primers could distinguish changes of DNA profile, 4 primers showed the same number and size bands and 1 primer could not amplified. Analysis of genetic similarity obtained 6 groups with genetic distance 0.79–1.00. HPLC analysis with a wavelength of 230 nm showed the variation of the profiles and contents of phytochemical mutants of sambiloto. The contents of andrographolide varied in the range between 6.5%–10.9%. Highest content of andrographolide was found in DK300 mutant, while the lowest one was found in control. In DB60 mutant, andrographolide content had the same content as control; however, chromatogram revealed the presence of 4 peaks compared to the control that just had 2 peaks.

Key words: Andrographis paniculata, Gamma radiation, DNA profiles, Phytochemical

* Corresponding author. Email: idhajr@yahoo.com

THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT AND ANTIOxIDANT ACTIvITY OF THE (-)-EPICATHECIN FROM AN

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS Mycoleptodiscus indicus

Panji Cahya Mawardaa,*, Teni Ernawatib and Yoice Srikandacea

aResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Cisitu Sangkuriang-Bandung, Indonesia

bResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspitek Serpong-Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract

The current study was to investigate the chemical constituent and antioxidant activity of (-)-epicathecin from an endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus indicus. The fungus was isolated from Indonesian medicinal plant Thyponium flageliiforme. The endophytic fungus was fermented in Potato Dextrose Broth and extracted with ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using column chromatography techniques to obtain flavones. The structure of flavones was elucidated through spectral data based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometer. The compound was identified as (-)-epicatechin with molecular weight of 290.11 g/mol. The compound was tested with DPPH radical scavenging method and it showed strong antioxidative activity with IC50 0.6 µg/mL. At the first time, (-)-epicathecin from M. indicus Indonesia was reported.

Key words: Mycoleptodiscus indicus, (-)-epicathecin, Antioxidant activity

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6285711749663. Email: panji.cahya@gmail.com

POTENCY OF HIBISCUS (hibiscus rosA-sinensis L.) AS ANTIOxIDANT TO REDUCE CARBON

TETRACHLORIDE COMPOUNDS IN RED BLOOD CELLS

Dody Priadi and Kusmiati*Research Centre for Biotehnology-LIPI

Jl. Raya Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia

Abstract

Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) is a species of flowering plant that is easily found and used for traditional medicine. Hibiscus flower decoction is used to treat various diseases, such as urinary tract infections, coughing, whooping cough, dysentery, bronchitis, tuberculosis and various degenerative diseases. These properties are related to the content of compounds as antioxidants such as anomuricin and polyphenols. Antioxidant compounds may reduce the risk due to free radical oxidation process to prevent degenerative diseases. Hibiscus flowers were extracted by maceration method with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The extract containing antioxidant of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm was tested against sheep red blood cell that induced with CCl4 as oxidant. Parameters measured were malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results showed that the highest reduction in MDA content (0.7679 nmol/ml) was obtained by the treatment of ethyl acetate extract at the concentration of 10 ppm. The highest activities of the SOD and catalase enzymes were 0.8874 U/ml and 460.655 U/ml respectively, obtained by the treatment of 40 ppm of the extract containing antioxidants.

Key words: Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), Antioxidants, MDA, SOD, Catalase

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-21-8754587. Email: kusmiati02@yahoo.com

PURIFICATION OF BIOACTIvE PEPTIDE WITH PROTEASES INHIBITORY ACTIvITIES FROM

streptoMyces Misionensis

Juwaini Mohd Yusoff, Khanom Simarani* and Zazali Alias

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Phone: +603 79675843

Abstract

Actinomycetes are the major source of the biologically active compounds. Extensive bioactive compounds are yet to be screened from these known vast producers of antimicrobials for future benefits. During the screening of over 400 soil actinomycete isolates for the production of epsilon poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), a potentially bioactive protein was discovered. The molecular weight of the protein was estimated as 6 kDa by using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cation Exchange Chromatography revealed that the protein sample was positively charged and thus subjected to proteases activity. The putative protein exhibited an enhanced activity towards the well-characterized serine proteases; trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, while inhibiting the activity of α-amylase, suggesting an interesting finding particularly in enzyme modulation aspect. Furthermore, it showed antagonistic activity against some pathogens including Gram negative Xanthomonas campestris, Ralstonia and Erwinia, as well as Gram positive B. cereus. Subsequently, the isolate was identified as Streptomyces misionensis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence.

Key words: Actinomycetes, Peptide, Serine Proteases

* Corresponding author. Phone: +603 79675843. Email: hanom_ss@um.edu.my

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING OF LOCALLY ISOLATED XAnthoMonAs SP.

Nur Izlin Shafinaz Bokhari, Khanom Simarani** and Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar

Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Phone: +603 79674371

Abstract

Xanthan gum is a water soluble, complex exopolysaccharide which have great commercial values produced industrially by pytopathogen called Xanthomonas sp. Commercially, because of its rheological properties, it is widely used as a thickener, viscosifier and stabilizer, as well as emulsifier in both food and non-food industries including dairy products, bakeries product, beverages, cosmetics, textiles, paper miling and pharmaceutical product. Samples were isolated from diseased vegetables, and were subjected to set of simple phenotypic. The strains were further identified by BIOLOG. All positive isolates were compared by fermention in shake flask, under controlled conditions, and the production of xanthan gum were compared to Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris strain from ATCC culture collection (ATCC33913). 411 bacteria were isolated, and 55 isolates were presumptively identified as Xanthomonas spp. based on the biochemical test. Thirteen of the presumptive isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Raphani, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Begonia A, Rhizobium vitis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Microbacterium maritypicum using BIOLOG. Strain C206 has productivity (0.1074) compare to others as well as control strain, ATCC.Key words: Xanthan gum, Xanthomonas campestris, Optimization

* Corresponding aAuthor. PhoneTel: : +603 79675843. Email: hanom_ss@um.edu.my

ULTRAvIOLET IRRADIATION EFFECT OF penicilliuM chrysogenuM ON PENICILLIN

PRODUCTION

Dudi Hardianto*, Uli Julia, Eka Siska, Diana Dewi, Suyanto, Erwahyuni E. Prabandari, Lira Windriawati and Danang Waluyo

Biotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area Serpong 15314, Indonesia

Abstract

Penicillin is the oldest β-Lactam antibiotic that is produced by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Since the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, much effort has been invested to improve productivity of Penicillium chrysogenum. Strain improvement to increase the penicillin production can use random mutation with physical and chemical mutagents. In this research, UV irradiation was used to obtain Penicillium chrysogenum mutant. Penicillin production was determined by HPLC, and productivity of Penicillium chrysogenum mutants were compared to wild type. The penicillin yield of mutants are varied, and mutant M12 produced 1.23 fold compared to wild type.

Key words: Penicillin, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ultraviolet, Mutation

* Corresponding author. Email: dudihd@gmail.com

ISOLATION AND CLONING OF PARTIAL her-2 GENE FROM INDONESIAN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS FOR

DNA vACCINE DEvELOPMENT

Desriani* and Lita TriratnaResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Over-expression of proto-oncogene HER-2 occurs in 20–30% of the total breast cancer cases associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It consists of a 620 aa extracellular domain, followed by a 23 aa trans-membrane domain and a 490 aa intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase activity. Treatment using the monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, was an expensive treatment with an incidence rate of resistance in single use reaches a high percentage of 66-88%. Until now, there are continuous efforts for materials or methods improvement for HER-2 breast cancer treatment. Vaccination is an attractive alternative approach to provide protective immunity. Several reports show that a DNA vaccine encoding full-length or truncated HER-2 was immunogenic since it may generate protective immunity. Furthermore, HER-2 engineered epitope can also be used as a vaccine active agent. Here in this study, we were successful in isolating and cloning partial of HER-2 gene which include extracellular and trans-membrane domain with total size of 2.127 base pairs (bp) into pGEMT-easy. This gene material will allow us to develop new vaccine candidate in the future works.

Key words: HER-2, Proto-oncogene, DNA vaccine, Immunogenic, Vaccination

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-21-8754587. Email: gerodes@yahoo.com

HETEROLOGOUS ExPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT PLANTARICIN WS34 IN escherichiA coli

Andini Setyanti Putria, Rifqiyah Nur Umamib, Apon Zaenal Mustopab,* and Hasim Danuria

aGraduate student of Biochemistry Department, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Phone/fax: +62-251-8423267

bResearch Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911,

Phone: +62 (021) 8754587 Fax: +62 (021) 8754588

Abstract

Plantaricin W is a two peptide lantibiotic produced by Lactobacillus plantarum S34 isolated from bekasam, a traditional fermented food of meat products from Waykanan, Lampung. Plantaricin W is a potential antimicrobial peptide. However, the expression of recombinant plantaricin W has not been reported. To express a recombinant plantaricin WS34, we constructed and expressed the gene encoding plantaricin W in pET-32a by using the T7 RNA polymerase promoter with approximately 33 kDa in size in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)(pLysS). The result revealed that the plantaricin WS34 peptide was expressed as a translational fusion protein with thioredoxin and His-tag. When expressed in E. coli, recombinant plantaricin W was found to be accumulated in the cell cytoplasm but forming an inclusion body. In this study, two solubilization strategies were done and showed that inclusion bodies were solubilized at alkaline condition in the presence of urea solution under mild condition and the expression of plantaricin WS34 has been confirmed with western blot. The expression of plantaricin WS34-pET32a was succesfully expressed in E. coli.

Key words: Inclusion body, Plantaricin W, Protein expression

* Corresponding author. Email: azmustopa@yahoo.com

EvALUATION OF LOW TEMPERATURE INDUCED MUTANT OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC vIRUS FOR CROSS

PROTECTION IN SOYBEAN

Wuye Ria Andayanie* and Praptiningsih Gamawati AdinuraniFaculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University

Serayu, Madiun, Indonesia

Abstract

Early natural infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) can reduce seed production in soybean. Cross protection enables the production of SMV free seed and is a mechanism which can signficantly reduce the impact of SMV. We proposed that attenuated isolates of SMV obtained by cold temperature treatments are able to produce SMV free seed in soybean [Glycine max (L.)] Merr. plants. We inoculated the cotyledons with SMV infected plants, incubated at low temperature, mechanically inoculated seedlings with virus were subjected to cold and finally transplanted into pot and then into the field. We examined plants with different symptoms. Serological assays, RT-PCR analysis and electron micrography did not distinguish between the very mild mosaic symptom of attenuated isolate and the original virulent isolate. However, the mutant of SMV did not give rise to local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor. Our results suggest that attenuated isolate of SMV is potentially useful for reducing the impact of SMV infection. When plants are inoculated with the attenuated isolate at 8 days after planting, symptoms of the disease do not develop.

Key words: Attenuated isolate, Cross protection, Induced mutant, soybean, soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-81335401517. Email: wuye_andayanie@yahoo.com

PROCESS DESIGN OF PEPTONEPRODUCTION FROM PEANUT MEAL AS BYPRODUCT OF PEANUT OIL

INDUSTRY USING CRUDE PAPAIN

Mulyorini Rahayuningsih* and Ninuk Gilang WirantiDepartement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor

Agricultural University Jl. Puspa, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia

Contact author: +628128534505Email: mulyorinir@yahoo.com

Abstract

Peptone is an important component in the microbial growth media which has function as the source of amino acids. Up until now, Indonesia still imports peptone which reaches $17.84 milion per year in the last five years. That fact is the reason to develop the research in peptone production by using protein source material that is available in Indonesia, such as peanut meal that can be obtained as by product of peanut oil industry. The objectives of this research was to design the production process of peanut peptone using enzymatic hydrolysis by crude papain. Design process was performed by determination of the best condition (time of hydrolysis, crude papain concentration and temperature of hydrolysis. Peanut peptone produced was characterized on its amino acids content and applied to be used as microbial growth media and compared with a commercial product. Crude papain powder was obtained from the sap of papaya fruit, through drying and milling process. The activity of crude papain used in this experiment was 5057.47 U/g min. Hydrolysis process was conducted on peanut meal that have been diluted in water with ratio of 1:2. The research showed that the best hydrolysis condition of peanut peptone was obtained by using 0.4% of crude papain for 4 h at temperature of 55 °C. The peptone product has appearance of brownish yellow color in liquid form. The yield peptone produced was 40.8%. The analysis of amino acids content showed that peanut peptone produced had high glutamic acid aspartic acid and arginine. Those 3 amino acids are very important for microbial growth. The result of growth test of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by determining optical density (OD620nm) and Total Plate Count showed that peanut peptone produced has similar performance with commercial peptone.

Key words: Enzymatic hydrolysis, Peanut meal, Crude papain, Peanut peptone

* Corresponding author. Email: mulyorinir@yahoo.com

POTENCY OF IAA HORMONE PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTES BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM shoreA

selAnicA ON SUPPORTING THE GROWTH OF pArAserinthes fAlcAtAriA

Tiwit Widowati*, Sylvia J. R. Lekatompessy, Nuriyanah and Harmastini SukimanResearch Center for Biotechnology-LIPI

Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Indole acetic acid is a key hormone for various aspects of plant growth and development. The objectives of this study were to screen endophytes bacteria from Shorea selanica that are able produce IAA hormone and determine the effect of IAA hormone on the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria. Eight isolates of endophytes were studied by growing them in Nutrient Broth medium supplemented with Tryptophan. Isolates SSBt1 and SSBt2 had ability to produce the highest IAA with concentration about 40 µg/ml. Both isolates were studied on producing IAA at different pH for 120 hours and were also selected for determining their capability on supporting the growth of P. falcataria in semi solid media. The results indicated that IAA produced by endophytes bacteria isolated from S. selanica are able to induce elongation of primary root and stem, numerous of lateral and sub lateral roots of P. falcataria.

Key words: IAA, Endophytes bacteria, Paraserianthes falcataria

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-21-8754587. Email: tiwitwidowati@yahoo.com

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BIOSURFACTANT BY THE FORMATION OF GLYCOLIPID ISOLATED FROM pseudozyMA

hubeiensis Y10BS025

Martha Sari*, Fifi Afiati and Wien KusharyotoResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Indonesia

Abstract

The present study demonstrates the production and properties of a biosurfactant isolated from P. hubeiensis Y10BS025. Biosurfactants are produced by a variety microorganism to produce renewable resources which have a unique properties. P. hubeiensis was cultivated in a medium containing glucose and soybean oil to induce and intensify biosurfactant (bioemulsifier) synthesis. To confirm the ability of isolate in glycolipid biosurfactant production, TLC pattern, emulsification test and stability of the biosurfactant was investigated. The strain Y10BS025 produce bioemulsifier and exihibit emulsification index (E24) of 47–72% with oils tested and resultant emulsion found more stable compare to chemically made surfactant. This strain is a potential candidate for microbial enchanced oil recovery.

Key words: P. hubeiensis, Biosurfactant, Glycolipid, TLC, Emulsifier

* Corresponding author. Phone: +628754587. Email: martha.biotek@gmail.com

APPLICATION OF MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION AND SENSORY TEST FOR SELECTING AROMA ON F2 PROGENY OF RICE DERIvED FROM CROSSING

BETWEEN CIHERANG x BASMATI

Santika Saria, Nono Carsonob,*, Murdaningsih Haerumanb and Farida Damayantib

aGraduated Student, Master Program in Plant BreedingFaculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia

Phone/Fax +62227796316bLaboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, IndonesiaPhone/Fax +62227796316

Abstract

Aroma is one of the characters that influences consumer acceptance in the market. Tracing aromatic rice genotype on F2 segregated population by applying marker assisted selection (MAS) in combination with phenotypic assessment (sensory test) is highly demanded since it will effectively assist in finding desired genotypes. This experiment aimed to select individual plant of F2 progeny from Ciherang (high productivity) with Basmati (aromatic rice), based on the molecular markers and sensory test. Two hundred and thirty-three F2 rice plants were screened. Molecular marker of Bradbury and RM223 were applied to detect fragrance gene (fgr). The fgr gene corresponds to the BADH2 (betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase) that is responsible for aroma metabolism in fragrant rice varieties. One percent of KOH test was used to detect 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline aromatic compound. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty-one genotypes were detected by molecular markers; meanwhile, fifteen genotypes were identified by sensory test. The calculation of Spearman’s correlation resulted a value of r = 0.51 and r = 0.49 for RM223-sensory test and Bradbury’s primer-sensory test, respectively, indicated a moderate relationship between molecular marker and sensory test. Genotype #7, 37, 49, 66, 89, 175, 206, and 212 were confirmed by both molecular marker as well as sensory test. These genotypes are recommended for further experiment in developing aromatic rice.

Key words: Aroma, Correlation, MAS, Rice, Sensory test

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6281395567514. Email: ncarsono@mail.unpad.ac.id

DEvELOPMENT OF RICE LINES RESISTANT TO BROWN PLANTHOPPER WITH AROMATIC TRAITS:

SELECTION BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKER

Anggia Puspa Asria, Nono Carsonob,* and Suseno Amienb

aStudent, Master Program in Agronomy, Universitas PadjadjaranJl. Raya Jatinangor KM 21 45363, Sumedang, Phone/Fax. ( +6222) 7796316, Indonesia

bAssociate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PadjadjaranJl. Raya Jatinangor KM 21 45363, Sumedang,Phone/Fax. ( +6222) 7796316, Indonesia

Abstract

Development of rice lines that are resistant to BPH is an alternative pest management. However, most of resistant varieties is unfavorable, whereas aroma, flavor and texture are actually major factors that consumer preferred. Selection for two different characters at the early generation (F2) is time consuming; therefore, molecular assisted selection needs to be performed to speed up the selection process. The objective was to obtain F2 progeny derived from Sintanur, aromatic rice, as a recurrent parent and PTB-33, brown planthopper resistant rice, as a donor parent by using brown planthopper resistant and aromatic markers. This experiment was done at the Laboratory of Plant Analysis and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. A number of 261 rice plants of F2 progeny were analysed using RM589 and RM8213 for brown planthopper resistance, while aromatic was detected by Bradburry’s primer. There were 125 genotypes which were selected by brown planthopper resistance markers, and eight of them were selected by using RM589, RM8213, and Bradburry’s primer. Eight selected genotypes i.e. SP35, SP55, SP84, SP87, SP141, SP151, SP237, and SP261 are recommended for the next generation for brown planthopper resistant and aromatic rice breeding program.

Key words: Aromatic, Brown planthopper, Molecular marker, Rice, Selection

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6281395567514. Email: ncarsono@mail.unpad.ac.id

SCSER

ASSESSMENT OF E-WASTE RECOvERY FACILITIES IN SELANGOR AND KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Nurul Ain Mohd Nordin* and P. Agamuthu Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

The fast development of the world has increased the use of electrical and electronic equipments (EEE). EEE is often being upgraded to more sophisticated device and users keep changing their out of date equipment to a new product and increase EEE waste (e-waste) generation. The implication of the increment of e-waste and its improper disposal will lead to major issues to health and environment. Material recovery facility (MRF) of e-waste is the most critical element in e-waste industry. This article attempts to assess e-waste recovery facilities in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 15 questionnaires were sent to MRF through email and interviews. The results show that many challenges are faced by recovery facilities to be in e-waste industry. E-waste recycling in Malaysia is still at infancy as there is lack of specific regulation on e-waste, lack of MRF that carry out complete recycling process and poor e-waste disposal by public. At the same time, this research helps us to understand various activities going on within MRF and thus, encourage the formulation for a proper e-waste management strategy in Malaysia

Key words: E-waste, Material recovery facilities, Management, Malaysia

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6014-8029382. Email: nurulain.nordin90@gmail.com

PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A MALAYSIAN CASE STUDY

S. H. Fauziah* and S. F. Ser Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

The fact that public should be socially and financially prepared is undeniable to ensure an effective implementation of waste management system in a country. This paper deliberates on public perceptions towards the efforts to improve a waste management, including pay-as-you-throw scheme. The study was conducted through distribution of questionnaires on issues related to current waste practices and public understanding on various concepts in waste management hierarchy to 759 randomly selected respondents in Peninsular Malaysia. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS to correlate the socio-economic background of the respondents with their perception and level of awareness. With 96% confidence level, this study indicates that 50% of the respondents were in agreement that individual environmental awareness dictates personal environmental behaviour, including waste generation and participation in recycling activities. As for the legislations related to waste management in Malaysia, majority (68%) was not aware of the existence of such regulations and provision. This is followed by 19% that felt that the lack of enforcement is the causal factor towards ineffective waste management system. On the statement that people become more attentive towards the environment only when they are threatened by the negative impacts are supported by 86% of the respondents. This indicates that in general, public tends to be ignorance of various environmental issues if there is no direct implication to them. The study concludes that understanding on issues related to environment in general, and waste management in particular, is highly influenced by the education level and attentiveness of the community.

Key words: Recycling, Public participation, Pay-as-you-throw scheme, Solid Waste Management Act 2007

* Corresponding author. Phone: +603 7967 6739. Email: fauziahsh@um.edu.my

BIOMASS FLOW AND CARBON SEqUESTRATION IN AN ORGANIC FARM

L. Hong Yeng* and P. AgamuthuInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Science, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

Biomass is believed to improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration by enhancing soil organic matter (SOM) content. Organic farm uses large amount of biomass input to replace chemical fertilizer. Thus, it is considered a sustainable option for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in agriculture. There are inconsistent findings on the increase in soil carbon concentrations in organically managed soil and this has become a hotly debated issue. In this paper, biomass carbon flow of an organic farm was evaluated with material/substance flow analysis (MFA/SFA) for evidence of carbon stock. Annually, there was 3,046 ton ha-1 y-1 of biomass input, which accounts for 73% of total farm input. The only biomass output from organic farm was harvested vegetables which was 112 ton ha-1 y-1. The substance flow shows a total of 156 ton ha-1 y-1 of carbon stock within the system and this indicates that the farm system was playing a role as carbon sink. In addition, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emission is also one of the major culprits of carbon outflow from farm system which comprised a total of 172 ton ha-1 y-1 of carbon per year. Moreover, the soil carbon concentration of the organic farm increased 29% during the study period. Despite the carbon outflow, results indicate that organic farm management practices focused large amount of biomass input had increased soil carbon concentration.

Key words: Organic, Vegetable farm, Material/substance flow analysis, STAN

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6012-6538938. Email: nicolelhy5134@gmail.com

BIOMASS GASIFICATION FOR POWER GENERATION USING DUAL CHAMBER CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED

BED REACTOR

Haifa Wahyu*, Imam Djunaedi, M. Affendi and SugiyatnoResearch Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang 21/154D, Bandung 40135 Indonesia

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation on using dual chamber circulating fluidized bed reactor for biomass gasification in power generation. Gasification process has been around for many years for charcoal production from biomass or gas production from biomass or coal. The technology varies from simple downdraft reactor or more complex system, such as circulating fluidized bed and combined cycle. Gasification technology is an alternative solution to conventional steam power plant to generate electricity from biomass waste. Its use can be combined with diesel generator or gas engine where the gas products from biomass gasification system can replace up to 70% of diesel oil while the gas can be used as 100% fuel in a gas engine. This will help reduce the electricity cost generated from diesel engine. A major problem that still occurs in a gasification reaction is the formation of tar. The most effective way to eliminate tar is by complete burning. In circulating fluidized bed, tar can be captured using sand media. The tar covered sand will be brought to the second chamber to be completely burned to remove the tar. This way, the plant can be operated continuously without interruption. For a commercial power plant, it is important that the plant operational is reliable. A circulating fluidized bed can be used to perform this task. In this work, a dual chamber reactor is developed so that tar removal can be done continuously. We have constructed a test plant with the capacity of 30 kg biomass per hour. This work includes the gasification of several biomass types, that is wood sawdust, coffee husk, empty fruit bunch, rice husk and vertiver root. On average, the plant is able to produce fuel gas with the composition of H2 around 4%, CO between 10 to 12%, CO2 around 12% and CH4 around 2%. The tar produced is less than 50 mg. Most biomass produced similar gas composition, except for the rice husk. The rice husk must be mixed with other type of biomass to enable the production of fuel gas satisfactorily.

Key words: Biomass gasification, Circulating fluidized bed, Dual fuel power generation

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-22-2507771. Email: haifa.wahyu@gmail.com, haifa.wahyu@lipi.go.id

ROOF MOUNTED MICRO-WIND TURBINE FOR POWER GENERATION IN COASTAL HOUSING IN

SEMARANG, INDONESIA

Dany Perwita Sari*

Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Scienes (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor km.46, Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia

Abstract

Mounted micro-wind turbines have the potential power saving in coastal housing. In this paper, the meteorological data of five year wind velocity and wind direction of Semarang, Indonesia, were used to find out the wind energy potential. From wind direction evaluation at a height of 10 m above the ground level, it was found that the highest wind power potential is on north wind. This research aims to present the result of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for identifying wind velocity and wind flow of two kind roof profiles: gable roof and hip roof. Result shows that the wind flows are strongly dependent on the profile of the roof. It was also concluded that roof mounted micro-wind turbine is suitable for electric wind application, which can reach 20% more than wind velocity approach.

Key words: Micro-wind turbine, Wind velocity, CFD, Wind energy, Semarang, Indonesia

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-8132-5693808. Email: dany.perwitasari@gmail.com

PERFORMANCE OF A RADIAL TURBINE FOR SMALL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER GENERATION

SYSTEM

Maulana Arifina,*, Bambang Wahonoa and Ari Darmawan Pasekb

aResearch Center for Electric Power and Mechatronics – LIPIKomp. LIPI Gd. 20, Jl. Cisitu No.21/154D, Bandung 4015, Jawa Barat

Phone: 022 2503055, Fax: 022 2504773bFaculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Bandung Institute of Technology

Jl. Ganesha No.10 Taman Sari, Bandung 41032, Jawa BaratPhone: 022 2504243, Fax: 022 2534099

Abstract

Coresponding to global environmental problems and energy crisis in recent years, a method to choose the optimal working fluids which improves performance of power generation with Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) is required. This paper investigates the optimal working fluids for ORC with focus on thermo-fluid. In the ORC system, radial turbine component is highly influential in resulting high and low performance. This paper discusses comparative study of radial turbine using R134a and R123 as working fluids. Comparative study consisted of numerical analysis to determine the performance of radial turbine for ORC system. Numerical study was carried out in area of fluid flow turbo-expander rotor radial with R134a and R123 as the working fluids. Analysis was performed using two turbulence models, the k-epsilon and SST (shear stress transport). The results shows analysis with grid of 250000 (fine grid), turbulence model SST at steady state, mass flow rate of 0.4 kg/s, torque of 15000 rpm, inlet pressure of 5 bar, inlet temperature of 373 K, and working fluid of R134a produces power of 6,7 kW whereas R123 produces power of 5,5 kW.

Key words: Organic Rankine Cycle, Radial turbine, Shear Stress Transport

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6222 2503055. Email: mfilzah@gmail.com, maul004@lipi.go.id

EFFECT OF REACTION TIME AND CELLULASE LOADING ON DILUTE ALKALI PRETREATMENT OF

SUGARCANE BAGASSE TO PRODUCE FERMENTABLE SUGARS FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

Triyani Fajriutamia,* and Rizky Rissa Bellab

aResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Indonesia

bBina Putera Nusantara Vocational High SchoolJl Sukarindik 63A, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials, which consist mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are among the most promising renewable feedstocks for the production of bioethanol. Its production typically involves a hydrolysis-fermentation route, which has three main steps: pretreatment and hydrolysis to get fermentable sugars, fermentation to produce bioethanol and a separation process to obtain highly concentrated bioethanol. The pretreatment step has been recognized as a technological bottleneck for the cost-effective development of bioprocesses from lignocellulosic materials. In this work, we analyze the potential of dilute alkali pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for fermentable sugars production when using 1:20 ratio between substrate and 1% NaOH. Alkali pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse at 121 °C and reaction time of 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes were investigated. Furthermore, the enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase 10 and 20 FPU/g substrate was examined. The result shows that the highest lignin loss was 74.95% when sugarcane bagasse was pretreated for 60 minutes. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse for 48 hours and 20 FPU/g of cellulase loading produced the highest yield of fermentable sugars of 49.11%.

Key words: Lignocellulosic, Sugarcane bagasse, Alkali pretreatment, Cellulase hydrolysis, Ferment-able sugars

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-2187914509. Email: triyani@biomaterial.lipi.go.id

PERFORMANCE OF MICROBES CONSORTIUM ON SINGLE-Chamber miCrobial Fuel Cell as

eleCtriCity Generation

Diana Rahayuningwulana,*, Dani Permanaa and Herlian Eriska Putraa

aResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences, LIPI Campus Cisitu, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) systems use microbes to convert organic compounds, as in food wastewater treatment, and could produce direct current. Single microbe has showed their performance as good biocatalysts on previous researches, both on synthetic media or wastewater. This research studied 1-liter single-chamber MFC (SCMFC) using microbes as consortium on tofu wastewater, since it has high organic pollutant value (COD as O2). Variation of consortium concentration consists of three single microbe, Saccaromyces cereviceae, Saccaromycopsis fibuligera, and Escherichia coli that previously acclimated with the wastewater. Result shows that tofu wastewater, as substrate for the consortium decreases 76% COD value compared to the blank on variation 1. This SCMFC system also produced maximum current at 0.25 mA with consorsium SF2SC1:EC1 during 40hours.

Key words: SCMFC, Microbes, Consortium, Tofu wastewater, Current

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-222503051. Email: dian009@lipi.go.id

HEAT RELEASE ANALYSIS OF A TWO CYLINDERS IN DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH ETHANOL-DIESEL

BLENDS

Yanuandri Putrasari*, Arifin Nur, Achmad Praptijanto and Aam MuharamResearch Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKomplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Abstract

An experiment on the application of ethanol-diesel blends as fuel in diesel engine was carried out at various engine loads and ethanol percentages. The experiments were performed using neat diesel fuel of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% ethanol-diesel blends with 1,500 rpm of engine working speed at three different loads namely 0, 10 and 40 Nm. Several engine parameters data, such as torque, fuel consumption, cylinder pressure, air intake flow, radioator coolant temperature, the exhaust gas temperature, lubricating oil temperature and exhaust emission were collected. The combustion or heat release of the engine then was calculated and analyzed. The results show several interesting features from heat release phenomena in every combustion process from different fuel blends. The results indicate that the increase of ethanol fraction in the ethanol-diesel blends causes the maximum values of cylinder pressure and heat release value to increase as well.

Key words: Heat release, Combustion, Ethanol, Diesel

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-82120136976 Email: yanu001@lipi.go.id

AN EvALUATION FOR ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION OF FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES FROM SECONDARY FOREST IN WEST

KALIMANTAN

Lucky Risantoa,*, Danang Sudarwoko Adia, Masakasu Kanekob, Yosuke Kurosakib, Deden Girmansyahc, Ruliyana Susantic, Euis Hermiatia and

Takashi Watanabeb aResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,

Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, IndonesiabLaboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere

(RISH),Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

cResearch Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

Abstract

Fast growing tree species can be considered suitable raw material for the production of second generation bioethanol due to their promising biomass sustainability. However, until now, there is less information regarding the bioethanol utilization from these species. In this study, we examined the enzymatic hydrolysis of potential fast growing tree species that have been previously prescreened from fifteen species. Fast growing tree species were taken from secondary forest concession area of PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma in West Kalimantan and Eucalytus globulus was used as a standard wood. The experimental work was carried out using hydrothermal, diluted sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonia (NH4OH) and maleic acid (MA) pretreatment with 30 minutes of heating duration, and several conditions of temperature and concentration. Based on the results of the saccharification after hydrotermolysis pretreatment, Ilex cissoides has the highest yield of sugars among the other fast growing tree species, from pulp saccharification was obtained 8.16 g/100g-biomass when pretreated at 190 °C, and sugars from the filtrate saccharification was obtained 5.30 g/100 g-biomass, thus making total yield of sugars 13.46 g/100 g-biomass. When I. cissoides was pretreated with diluted NaOH, NH4OH and MA, the yield of sugars were increased. The highest yield of sugars and saccharification level for I. cissoides was obtained 18.04 g/100 g-biomass and 29.50 g/100 g-pulp after pretreated with 0.5% MA at 180 °C. I. cissoides have a potential as raw material for bioethanol production if we used pretreatment using diluted MA, due to a similar saccharification result when compared with E. globulus as standard.

Key words: Bioetanol, Enzymatic saccharification, Fast growing species, Lignocelluloses, Pretreatment

* Corresponding author. Phone: +62-21-87914511. Email: Lrisanto@biomaterial.lipi.go.id

a Novel Microwave-Biological PretreatMeNt effect oN cellulose aNd ligNiN chaNges of BetuNg

BaMBoo (DenDrocalamus asper)

Widya Fatriasaria,b,*, Wasrin Syafiic, Nyoman J. Wistarab, Khaswar Syamsud, Bambang Prasetyae and Muhammad Adly R. Lubisa

aResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI),Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

bDepartement of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

PO Box 168, Bogor 16001, IndonesiacDepartement of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural

University (IPB) PO Box 168, Bogor 16001, IndonesiadDepartement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and

Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB PO Box 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

eInstitute of National Standarization, Manggala Wanabakti Building Blok IVJl. Gatot Subroto Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the effect of microwave-biological pretreatment of betung bamboo on the characteristic changes of cellulose and lignin. Chemical component analysis, FT IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, SEM-EDX analysis was used to analyze the characteristic changes after pretreatment. The microwave-biological pretreatment caused the weight loss, lignin and hemicellulose removal. FT IR spectra indicated that the microwave pretreatment for 12.5 min (330 W) with 5% inoculum loading caused loss of the absorbed O-H and conjugated C-O. This treatment also affected C-H2 scissoring motion lost in 5 and 10 min (330 W) with 5% inoculum loading. Aromatic skeletal of lignin (1605 cm-1) did not appear in microwave pretreatment for 5 and 10 min (330 W) and 10% inoculum loading. The lowest absorbance of lignin (1512 cm-1) in 5% inoculum loading was founded in pretreatment for 5 min (330 W). Absorbance Syringil propane units were lower than guiacyl moties which indicates that syringyl was more soluble than that of guiacyl. The crystallinity of cellulose in 5% of inoculum loading tends to decrease, while the 10% of inoculum loading is since versa. SEM images illustrates that the pretreatment disrupted the fiber structure (more porous and soften structure). EDX analysis shows that there was lost in minor element constituent of pretreated bamboo. Crystalline allomorph of 5, 10 and 12.5 min (330 W) with 5% inoculum loading shows Iα (triclinic) structure.

Key words: Betung bamboo, Microwave-fungal pretreatment, Crystalline allomorph, Functional groups, Crystallinity index

* Corresponding Author. Phone: +21-87914511. Email: widya_fatriasari@yahoo.com

THE EMERGENCE OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCING RURAL POvERTY: EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN

JAvA ISLAND

Lutfah Ariana*Center for Science and Technology Development Studies, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Gedung A PDII, 4th floor, Jl. Gatot Soebroto Kav 10 Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Many people in Indonesia, like in many developing countries, have lack of access to economical and convenient energy sources. For various reasons, energy services provided by the government or the private sector are difficult to access by those living in remote areas. When accessible, the communities–mostly the poor–are burdened by the expensive price of the services, leading to an even more economically vulnerable state. Although sustainable energy services will not solve the underlying cause of poverty, its limited availability will hinder the pathway to prosperity. This paper analyzes the arising development programs of biogas technology in some rural regions in Java as one of the solution. These programs are mainly developed in a wide range of affordable and appropriate technologies to address energy poverty. One of the actors in this program is the Indonesia Domestic Biogas Programme, or commonly called BIRU. However, successful project types and technologies have often faced barriers that prevent them from scaling up and becoming widely disseminated. This paper briefly describes some of the internal and external obstacles faced by biogas user in rural areas, characteristics of successful users and some empowerment programs and strategies undertaken by various stakeholders in the development of biogas technology in Indonesia.

Key words: Biogas, Rural, Program, Cost efficiency, Energy

* Corresponding author. Phone: +6281578723901 Email: juffrow@yahoo.com, lutf001@lipi.go.id.

SCMG

ASSESSMENT OF EROSION POTENTIALS ON vARIOUS CROPPING PATTERNS USING USLE: CASE OF SUBANG

REGION, WEST JAvA

R. I’anatus Sholihah*, Dyah R. Panuju, Enni D. Wahjunie, Bambang H. Trisasongko

Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Meranti, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Abstract

Degraded lands in Subang regency have been increasing within this decade. Land inventory conducted by the government shows that degraded areas expanded from 7,785 ha in 2011 up to 9,581 ha in a year. Improvements of this type of land, primarily due to erosion, are necessity in order to support intensive agriculture. This research aims to study erosion in various cropping pattern based on land units in four districts of Subang region, West Java, which is important for conservation planning. The research indicates that there are 19 land units formed by combining land capability classes and land use types. The result shows that erosion in the test site varies from 0.30 to 133.19 ton ha-1y-1. Actual erosion from USLE is found higher than tolerable soil loss, meaning that conservation is urgent to maintain land productivity.

Key words: Erosion, Land unit, Soil and Water conservation, USLE

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62-251-8422325. E-mail: rizqiianatus_99@yahoo.com

NEW STAGE OF INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON CLIMATOLOGICAL OBSERvATION

Manabu D. Yamanakaa,b,*

aJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanbGraduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Abstract

Based on collaborations with Japanese scientists (principal institution: JAMSTEC) for three decades, Indonesian Government (principal agency: BPPT) has installed the Maritime Continent Center of Excellence (MCCOE) which operates weather and wind-profiling radars, develops/installs climate buoys, and informs/investigates local/global climatic variations. We have been clarifying various scientific results on the multiple-scale climate variability which is triggered in this Maritime Continent region and is governing the global climate. This type of truly international high-level collaboration is necessary to watch/understand to complex climatological issues.

Key words: Climatological observation, Multiple scales, International collaboration

* Corresponding Author E-mail: mdy@jamstec.go.jp. URL: http://aoe.scitec.kobe-u.ac.jp/~mdy/index-e.html

SIMULTANEOUS CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN SUMMER MONSOON INDEx (AUSMI)

AGAINST RAINFALL IN BALI REGION

Subekti Mujiasiha)* and I Gede Agus Purbawab)

aBalai Besar MKG Wilayah III DenpasarJl. Raya Tuban, Kuta 80362, Kabupaten Badung, Bali,Indonesia,

bBanyuwangi Meteorogical StationJl.Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.152, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Rainfall is one of the most important parameters of weather and climate which needs to be studied in depth because it has a large degree of variability. Its pattern and characteristics in Bali region are influenced by the Asian and Australian Monsoon. Furthermore, monsoon is considered as the most significant phenomena in affecting rainfall in Indonesia region. From previous studies, Australian Monsoon Index (AUSMI), one indicator of the Asian-Australian monsoon activity, can capture rainfall variability in Australia and the Indonesia maritime continent. In this study we analyzed the relationship between AUSMI and rainfall in Bali region using simultaneous correlation method. The used data was monthly averaged rainfall from 36 rainfall post station during 30 years since 1979–2008. With expectations, we can know how strong influence of AUSMI against rainfall, so that we can use AUSMI as one of predictors to predict rainfall. The result shows that the AUSMI greatly affects rainfall in this region. The degree of influence varies in range 0.5–0.8 of correlation, coefficient, spatially and temporally.

Key words : AUSMI, Simultaneous correlation, Predictor, Bali

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-85313131831. E-mail: subekti.mujiasih@bmkg.go.id.

DEvELOPING STRATEGY FOR MONITORING AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SMOKE HAZE

TRANS-BOUNDARY PROBLEM WITHIN ASEAN REGION

Sheila Dewi Ayu Kusumaningtyas**Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)

Jl. Angkasa I, No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Land clearing for plantation and the subsequent simple approaches of biomass burning which occur in many provinces in Indonesia, especially in Riau province increases during the past decades and reduces the quality of air in the region. The associated trans-boundary haze pollution issue has been a political debate and creates tensions among neighboring countries. When biomass burns, certain aerosol pollutant is emitted to the atmosphere. The present study aims to describe a concerted effort in monitoring the challenge of smoke haze distributions in the region to improve early warning and minimizing the unprecedented impact on economy, health and environment. The use of satellite remote sensing and in-situ measurement from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Program in determining trans-boundary haze pollution in South East Asia will be shown. Other political and operational field instruments to support the mechanism to put out fires are applied in the region. The haze pollution that is detected from observation of aerosol loading in Singapore during dry period in June 2013 is used as case study. Necessary data of air quality and remote sensing are analyzed to provide comprehensive picture of the problem. Hysplit Trajectory Model has also been applied to study the dispersion of smoke haze pollution. According to the remote sensing satellite, smoke haze originate from Riau during fire period of June 2013 had affected neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and floated up to the southwestern edge of the Philippines. This study suggests a further extension of such a project in order to monitor further the disturbing low quality of air due to smoke fire. Ultimately, a decision support system within the ASEAN countries is needed to have data exchange and join analyses in detecting, monitoring and minimizing the risk of the problem.

Key words: Vegetation fires, Trans-boundary haze pollution, AERONET, Hysplit Model

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +6281381430023.E-mail: sheila_bmg@yahoo.com

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CARBON MONOxIDE EMISSION TO THE COMMUNITY HEALTH IN THE

vICINITY OF BARANANGSIANG TOLL GATES

Yudith Vega Paramitadevia,*, Arief Sabdo Yuwonob, Meiske Widyartib

aDiploma Program, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Kumbang No. 14, Bogor, Indonesia

bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural UniversityPO BOX 220, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Over the past decade, emission from carbon monoxide (CO) has risen due to the increase of vehicles per year. Bogor as a weekend tourist city has a heavy burden in terms of the volume of motor vehicles. Object in this study is Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway where queue of motor vehicles often happens and allegedly produces CO pollutants.

This study was conducted to simulate the CO concentration by the method of Finite Length Line Source (FLLS) around Baranangsiang Bogor toll gateway and recapitulate types of diseases associated with CO impacts on communities around the toll in line with the pattern of 6% increase of vehicle volume per year.

Based on the results of measurements and simulations conducted in four sampling points within 20 m and 190 m from the sources of pollution on 29 August to 1 September 2013 , the concentration of CO is still within the range of quality standards in accordance with Regulation No. 41 Year 1999 which is 634–9,189 µg/Nm3. Dispersion of pollutants CO dominantly heading Eastwards with the wind speed measurements 1.5–5.2 m/s and atmospheric stability class B. Kampung Sawah RT 02 RW 07 is higher exposed with CO. Recapitulation of medical records showed that suspected CO intoxication disease cases are more common in Kampung Sawah than IPB Baranangsiang settlements.

Key words: Carbon Monoxide, CO Intoxication, Dispersion CO, Toll Gates Baranangsiang

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +6285-717-99-555-6. E-mail: vega_paramitadevy@yahoo.com

THE MECHANISM OF DRY MID-ATMOSPHERE IN THE WESTERN MARITIME CONTINENT DURING RAINY

SEASON IN 2014

Supari a,*, A.M. Setiawan a, E. Makmur b, A. Sopaheluwakan a, Siswanto c, W. Sulistya a

a Center for Climate, Agro and Marine Climate - Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

b Center for Research and Development - Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

c Center for Aviation and Marine Meteorology - Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

Jl. Angkasa I no 2 Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

In the late January to mid-March 2014, which is normally peak of rainy season, massive forest fire cases were monitored over North-Western part of Maritime Continent resulting serious environmental impact such as a huge pall of smoke, poor air quality and flight cancellation. This paper is aimed to investigate the atmospheric setting of January-March 2014 based on site observations and global re-analysis data which were associated to the fire cases. It was observed that rainfall decreased up to 30 % than its long-term average. The evolution of vertical profile of atmosphere based on sounding data from Medan (96035), Ranai (96147) and Pangkalpinang (96237) show a dramatic drop of humidity in the mid-atmosphere (700–500 mb) starting from the third week of January. The synoptic features of low-level atmosphere exhibit an intensified northeasterly winds and a propagation of cold air over the South China Sea suggesting an intrusion of dry sub-tropical air. The diagnosis of meridional wind component reveals that over the region, the circulation was dominated by sinking air that suppressed the convection process, indicating anomaly of Hadley cell. The negative phase of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is assumed to play another role where the wide suppressed convection area was observed based on outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data. These findings suggest that monitoring mid-atmosphere condition is relevant for smoke trajectory forecast and fire danger early warning.

Key words: Forest fire, Maritime continent, Dry atmosphere.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-81315689645. E-mail: supari@bmkg.go.id

DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT FOR WATER DISCHARGE ON DRAINAGE

MONITORING SYSTEM

Retno Tri Wahyuni*Electronic Departement, Polytechnic of Caltex, Riau

Jl. Umban Sari No. 1, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesiaretnotri@pcr.ac.id

Abstract

The drainage system is one of infrastructures that is developed to prevent local flooding in urban area. The urban drainage management system should be implemented overall. One of drainage management component is monitoring. The monitoring system integrates meteorological data in form of rainfall data, and also data water level, and water discharge. The water discharge is monitored to observe whether drainage can handle the water flow. The water discharge is also a variable that is considered in design of drainage. Design of automatic measurement instrument of water discharge consists of propeller, magnetic sensor, water level sensor, and micro controller. Water discharge of drainage is obtained by multiplying the velocity of water flow (v) by wet cross section area (A). Wet cross section area is calculated using hydraulic formula depends on the type of drainage. The magnetic sensor changes the propeller rotation to electric signal for calculating velocity of water flow. The water level measured by an ultrasonic sensor.

Key words: Water discharge, Automatic, Drainage

* E-mail: retnotri@pcr.ac.id

ACEHSEIS, A LOCAL SEISMIC ExPERIMENT IN BENER MERIAH AND CENTRAL ACEH

Muzli Muzlia,*, Muksin Umarb, c, Klaus Bauerb, Masturyonoa, Jaya Murjayaa, Rakhindro P. Mahesworoa, Sigit Pramonoa

aMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

bGerman Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ-Potsdam)Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam GermanycUniversity of Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH)

Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Darussalam – Banda Aceh

Abstract

Following the destructive 2013 Mw 6.2 Bener Meriah earthquake in Aceh, we conduct a temporary seismic experiment in Bener Meriah and Central Aceh. The experiment is a collaboration work between GFZ-Potsdam, BMKG and Unsyiah. We deploy temporarily six months 30 short period seismic sensors. The sensors are stationed with a distance of about 5 to 7 km apart. This dense network is expected to record the local seismic, particularly from the source of Sumatran fault and other local faults near Central Aceh. The aim of this project is to identify the seismic structure and faults in Aceh. Understanding the local seismic structure of the region will significantly contribute to future disaster mitigation in this region. Moreover, this study could also be used to fill the gap of a comprehensive investigation of the large picture of the Sumatra area of the previous studies from Lake Toba to the southern part of the Sumatra Island.

Key words: Seismic experiment, Sumatran fault, local earthquake, tomography

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-21-4246321 ext. 8200. E-mail: muzli@bmkg.go.id

SELECTION OF GLOBAL GMPES MODELS FOR SEISMIC HAZARDS ASSESSMENTS IN INDONESIA

(CASE STUDY SUMATRA-JAvA AREA)

Ariska Rudyantoa,*, Phil Cummins b,c, Hadi Ghasemic, I Nyoman Sukantaa

aBadan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika,Jl. Angkasa I, No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, 10720 Indonesia

bResearch School of Earth Sciences-The Australian National UniversityBld 142 Mills Road Acton ACT, 0200 Australia

cGeoscience AustraliaCnr Jerrabomberra Ave and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT, 2609 Australia

Abstract

This study focuses on investigation published by Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE) which is appropriate to be used in Indonesian earthquake hazard assessment, especially for study area in Sumatra-Java region. The relevant GMPEs compared in this study are based on the resemblance of geologic and tectonic conditions of the regions where the GMPEs were developed to the study area. Twelve GMPEs have been considered in this study, consisting of nine GMPEs derived for subduction-zone event types (intraslab and interface regimes) and three GMPEs derived for the crustal regime. The analysis of GMPEs in this study was done using the graphical analysis of residuals between the observed ground motion value and the corresponding values predicted by each GMPE. The visual analysis of the statistical graphs presented in this study indicates four GMPEs (Youngs (1997), Zhao (2006), Kanno (2006) and Lin-Lee (2008) that match with the recorded data well, while the others have poor ft with the data. In this study, we also rank the GMPEs using the quantitative method proposed by Scherbaum et.al (2004). The Scherbaum e.al (2004) scheme shows that comparison of PGA/PSA with threshold value 0.0005 m/s2 gives a better output than using all data. In this study, we found that among all models, only the Youngs (1997) and Zhao (2006) models provide predictions that are consistent with the data from BMKG’s network.

Key words: Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE), Seismic hazard assesment, Strong-ground motion.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +062-8563322617. E-mail: ariska.rudyanto@bmkg.go.id, rudyantoariska@gmail.com

SCMIT

led-Based sPectroMeter for advaNced cheMistry laBoratory exPeriMeNts

Mary Angelie Alagaoa ,*, Dwight Angelo Bruzonb, Imee Su Martinezb, Giovanni Tapanga

aNational Institute of PhysicsUniversity of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

bInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Abstract

An LED-based spectrometer that can scan in the visible range is demonstrated in a classroom environment using the Arduino platform. The performance of the device was tested and evaluated using solutions with absorbance in the visible region. The results obtained using the fabricated instrument were compared to theoretical values obtained using a commercial available UV-VIS Spectrometer. The development of a low-cost LED-based spectrometer, which is an initiative of the Versatile Instrumentation System for Science Education and Research (VISSER), serves as a tool to improve education, especially in laboratory class experiments, since commercial spectrometers are expensive.

Keywords: Spectrometer, Light emitting diodes, Chemical sensors

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +63 (02) 9818737. E-mail: malagao@nip.upd.edu.ph.

INTRODUCTION INvESTIGATION: ExECUTIvE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR UNIvERSITY

Spits Warnarsa*, Sasmokoa, b, Nancy Susianna b

aSurya UniversityJl. Boulevard Gading Serpong Blok O/1 Summarecon Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

bSTKIP SuryaJl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract

University as higher education implementer has responsibility to accelerate their national human capital in order to compete in highly competitive economic.The higher the national human capital, the more prepared they are to compete in highly skilled labour. University as a knowledge keeper should be equipped with information technology in order to establish well prepared university, particularly to support high level management. High level management university, such as rector, vice rector, dean and head of study program should be armed with information technology tool which can help them when making their decisions become better and accurate. EIS (Executive Information System) as highly DSS (Decision Support System) which is designed for high level management is the appropriate information technology tool in order to sharp high level management’s decision making. The EIS will be built up by 24 Indonesian national standards of higher education, where each of standards will be generated as Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to evaluate and justify the university performance from 3 perspectives such as education, research and community services. The average KPI score of national standard of higher education for each study program will show the quality assurance of each study program or faculty in university. The study program or faculty performance should be assessed based on KPI national standard of higher education and the higher KPI score total, the better quality of the study program. When one of standards has poor quality then it will automatically alert the high level management. EIS will be developed with web based programming and equipped with technology such as data warehouse and data mining. Data warehouse should be used to extract data from university data transaction into fact constellation schema, in order to increase performance including for multidimensional purposing. Meanwhile, data mining will equipped with mining unexpected patterns particularly from data warehouse. At the end, the better and accurate decision making which is produced by high level management university will make it easy for the decision maker to create well established higher education for the society and having high accreditation score from Indonesian government. As a reward, the university will have a good reputation among the competitors, invite best students, lecturers, researchers and funding as well.

Key words: Executive information system, Data warehouse for higher education, Quality assurance of Indonesian higher education, Indonesian national standard of higher education, Indonesian higher education accreditation.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: 62181318992388. E-mail: spits.warnarsr@surya.ac.id

DESIGN OF IMPLEMENTATION DELAY TOLERANT AT WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS USING IBR-DTN AND

BATMAN-ADv

Herman Yuliandokoa,b, Sritrusta Sukaridhotob, M. Udin Harun Al Rasyidb

aState Polytechnic of BanyuwangiJl. Raya Jember Km.13 Labanasem-Kabat, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

bPostgraduate of Information Engineering and Computer, Electronics Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya

Jl. Raya ITS Sukolilo 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Wireless technology is one of the fast growing technology. Research on wireless technology has been widely applied, and one of them is a mesh network technology research. Mesh networking technology is considered as one solution to the problem of network with complex equipment. By applying a mesh network, each node has the same level with other nodes without the need of an access point. Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. In our research, we use propose a design of implementation of Batman-adv software for mesh network in addition, we also will combine and implementing delay tolerant technology IBR-DTN to support inter-node communication. It is appropriate to mention that previous research IBR-DTN is an efficient technology to be applied compared to other technologies. In the end, we also include the analysis and design implementation of mesh technology will be carried out the Batman-adv and IBR-DTN running together.

Key words: Wireless mesh, Batman-adv, IBR-DTN, Combine.

DEvELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMABLE MULTIPURPOSE FORCED CONvECTION TYPE DRYER

Emeline C. Guevarra*

Cavite State UniversityIndang, Cavite, Philippines

Abstract

Drying is considered as one of the effective methods of food preservation to prolong the storage life of foods. This study is focused on the development of a programmable multipurpose forced convection type dryer which is designed to dry agricultural crops. The hardware of the system is composed of a drying chamber, heater, blower, buzzer, PIC16F877 microcontroller, liquid crystal display, temperature sensor, and keypad. PBASIC is the language used in the development of the software which interfaces the microcontroller with the dryer. Testing of the system was done with banana, cassava, and malunggay leaves which are loaded to the dryer by batch. Results showed that the microcontroller is able to control and monitor the temperature inside the drying chamber. The heater automatically stopped once the desired temperature is reached while the blower continuously blows the air inside the chamber. Blower and heater automatically shut off when drying time is reached.

Key words: Artificial drying, Drying, Food dryer, Microcontroller, Temperature sensor.

* Tel: (0915)949-1578. E-mail: emi_guevarra@yahoo.com

A STUDY OF NETWORK SPEECH RECOGNITION USING TCP

Asril Jarina, *, Kalamullah Ramlia, Suryadib

aDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of IndonesiaDepok 16424, Indonesia

b Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia

Depok 16424, Indonesia

Abstract

Network Speech Recognition (NSR) puts the whole recognition system in the network. The client sends the speech data to the server where recognition is carried out. The NSR over IP network or Internet will suffer degradation caused by packet loss and delay. TCP as a reliable transport protocol can be used by NSR to solve the packet loss but with timeliness failure. In this paper, we study the streaming model using TCP in order to get the satisfactory performance of NSR in terms of timeliness factor. The timeliness factor refers to an acceptable delay where the whole packets should be ready available for recognition on the server.

Key words: Network Speech Recognition, Performance modeling, TCP streaming, Acceptable delay.

* Asril Jarin.Tel: +62-82114942530. E-mail: asril21@ui.ac.id

AURAL AND PHOTONIC SPECTRUM BASED DIGITAL PEST CONTROLLER FOR ORYZA SATIvA (RICE)

Ivane Ann P. Banlawea*

aMapùa Institute of TechnologyMuralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

A research study was conducted in the rice fields of Western Philippines University, Aborlan, Palawan from November 2013 to January 2014 to test a prototype of an alternative digital pest controller for rice which eliminates the use of chemicals. Two modules were developed the day module operation covered the determination of frequency (60Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz, 120Hz) that attracts pests and to what sound intensity will they respond (20dB, 50dB, 80dB); the night module operation determines which light color (white, yellow, blue, UV) and the light intensity (10lux, 40lux, 80lux) that will attract the most number of insects. The results for the day module operation showed that 80Hz attracted the most number of insects and that most of the insects responded to 50dB. Rice bugs were more attracted to 80Hz while black bugs were more attracted to 120Hz. For the night module, the most number of insects were attracted to UV, at 80 lux intensity. The white light attracted rice bugs while white leafhoppers flocked mostly to UV, and stem borers were inclined to yellow and blue. These results indicated that insects are diversely attracted on different sound frequencies but are more inclined with modulated sound level and are attracted to lights with short wavelengths on higher light intensities.

Key words: Insect pest control, sound frequency response, light color attraction, rice pests, alternative digital pest controller.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +63-9174552259. E-mail: ivaneannbanlawe@gmail.com

DEvELOPMENT OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)-BASED COFFEE PULPER FOR

WET PROCESS

Marlon R. Perenaa,*

aCavite State UniversityIndang, Cavite, Philippines

Abstract

The study was a portable machine equipped with programmable logic controller capable of pulping freshly picked coffee berries. A Programmable Logic Controller-Based Coffee Pulper, developed for pulping a freshly picked coffee beans. It measures 42 inches in height, a length of 55 inches and 17 inches in width. The machine is limited to a fixed variety of coffee berries for pulping which is Robusta variety.

The purpose of this study was to develop a programmable logic controller-based coffee pulper for pulping locally produced coffee berries using the wet process. It was intended to support the machines being used at the Coffee Processing Center of the Cavite State University and other coffee farmers who are involved in coffee pulping activity. The evaluation process was done with the help of different coffee farmers within Cavite and the IT experts respectively. The performance of the machine was rated very good in terms of functionality, aesthetics, workability, durability, economy, safety and saleability.

However, there were still some recommendations given in order to help the machine, such as provision for sorting process of coffee beans from the unpulped and manufacturing a bigger size of coffee pulper to accommodate more load and to improve the pulping activity.

Key words: Coffee, Coffee Pulper, Wet process, Programmable logic controller, Automation

* Marlon R. Perena.Tel: +639275817259. E-mail: dit0055mrperena@gmail.com

SCMST

EFFECT OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE RATE ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS TRICALCIUM

PHOSPHATE (TCP) CERAMICS

Ahmad Fadli*, Abdul Rasyid, Ricky FirmansyahDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University

Jln. HR. Subrantas Km. 12,5, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, Indonesia

Abstract

Porous Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) were designed for the use in bone implant via starch-consolidation method and the effect of sintering temperature rate was investigated. TCP suspension were mixed with wheat particles then stirred for 1 hour. The slurries were cast into cylindrical shaped molds and then dried for consolidation process at 100°C for 30 minutes, 80°C for 24 hours and 120°C for 8 hours. Afterward, the dried bodies were burned at 350°C for 1 hour and continued at 600°C for 1 hour, then followed by sintering at 1100°C with termperature rate of 2,5, 8°C/minute for 1 hour. The sintered TCP bodies with shrinkage in the range 56 - 59% and porosity in range 61–82% were obtained. Increasing sintering temperature rate from 2 to 5°C/minute will reduce compressive strength from 0.73 to 2.89 MPa.

* Corresponding Author. E-mail: abdulrasyid8793@gmail.com

study of KiNetics aNd therModyNaMics as well as the effect of the PreseNce of co-ioNs iN iNflueNciNg adsorPtioN CU2+ ioN By coal fly

ash adsorBeNt

Ahmad Zakariaa,*, Eti Rohaetib, Irmanida Batubarab, Sutisnac, Wittri Djasmasaria

aBogor Analytical Chemistry AcademyJl. Pangeran Sogiri No.283, Bogor, Indonesia

bBogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

cNational Nuclear Energy AgencyJl. Puspitek Raya, Serpong Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract

The aim of this research is to define the order of kinetics model and thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, entropy and enthalpy of adsorption process of metal ion Cu2+ by coal fly ash adsorbent and the effect of the presence of coexisting ion against of the efficiency of Cu2+adsorption., Coal fly ash was obtained from steam power plants Suralaya. Experiment was carried out at pH adsorbat, contact time and adsorbent concentration optimum that were obtained in the previous study. Kinetics experiment was performed at various contact time 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes while the thermodinamyc parameters studies was done at temperature 27, 32, 37 and 42 oC. The influence of coexisting ion Mn2+ and Pb2+ to the adsorption process was examined here. The kinetics data were evaluated using a pseudo first-order and a pseudo second-order Lagergren equation. The results revealed that the kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and accompanied by an increase in entropy and decrease in Gibbs energy. The coexisting ions Pb(II) or Mn(II) decreased the adsorption capacity of coal fly ash in the Cu2+ adsorption, but increased the total adsorption capacity.

Key words: Kinetics model, Coal fly ash, Coexisting ionns, Gibbs energy, Adsorption capacity.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-812-1333843. E-mail: alifrahmatulalam@yahoo.com

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS (OPS) IN THE ENvIRONMENT: EFFECTS OF REPEATED APPLICATION OF CHLORPYRIFOSON AGRICULTURAL SOIL

C. Carol* and S. H. FauziahInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

The most pervasive applied pesticide of chlorpyrifos prone to bound on suspended particles and sediment than dissolved in water. Chlorpyrifos persistency in soil is attributed to various environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and frequency of treatment. Therefore, it is essential to perform studies on the interaction of chlorpyrifos in different microenvironment in order to assess the impact caused by its application onto agricultural soil. This study aimed to determine the behaviour of chlorpyrifos in selected agricultural soil from Klang, Selangor. Agricultural soils from vegetable farms were sampled five times within 15 days of crop cycles in February 2014. Results show that chlorpyrifos residues persisted in each soil sample at an average amount of 0.06±0.02 mg kg-1. The agricultural soil contained residues of chlorpyrifos even before the seeding of crop. This study found that pesticide applied throughout the crop growing period and even after it has been harvested significantly increases the persistent level of chlorpyrifos in agricultural soil. Without proper practice of pesticide application, chlorpyrifos can be persistent and last longer in the agricultural soil.

Key words: Chlorpyrifos, Agricultural Soil.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +60-16-8808908. E-mail: chiacarolchia@gmail.com

BoNded PRFEB MagNet: faBricatioN aNd characteriZatioN

Didik Aryanto*, Ferensa Oemry, Toto Sudiro, Ayu Yuswita SariResearch Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

Abstract

We studied the effect of particle size modification on the structural and magnetic properties of isotropic bonded PrFeB magnet. The commercial PrFeB magnetic powder was used for this study. Particle size of the powder was modified and analyzed using high energy milling (HEM) and particle size analysis (PSA), respectively. The milled powder was compressed and heat cured at 230oC for 1 hour. Structural and magnetic properties of bonded PrFeB magnet were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

Key words: PrFeB, Bonded magnet, Particle size, Structure, Magnetic properties.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-21-7560570. E-mail: didik_phys@yahoo.com

EFFECT OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE ON DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SILICA PREPARED FROM

RICE HUSK ASH

qudratun*, Y. Iriani, Kusumandari, S. KhoirumDepartement of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Ir. Sutami 36A Street, Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Silicon dioxide (silica) is one key material in micro- and nano-electronic industries. Silica from rice husk ash was synthesized by sintering at 800°C and 900°C. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to determine silica content of rice husk ash. The dielectric constant obtained through LCR meter testing. Silica content of rice husk ash at 800°C and 900°C are 90,38 (wt%) and 90,56 (wt%) respectively. Only 87,3% porosity at 900°C but at 800°C increased to 93,5 %. Dielectric constant (K) values for samples sintered at 800°C and 900°C are 5,85 and 6,02 respectively. The value increased with increasing sintering temperature.

Key words: Dielectric constant, Rice husk Ash, Sintering.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-857-28462978. E-mail: qudratun@nano.or.id

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AL-DOPED LITHIUM TITANATE LI4TI5O12 AS ANODE MATERIAL

FOR LI-ION BATTERY

Slamet Priyonoa, *, Achmad Subhana, Joko Triwibowoa, Bambang Prihandokoa

aResearch Center for Physics – LIPIKawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 442 Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten

Telp. 021- 7560570, Fax 021- 7560554

Abstract

Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 powder doped by Al atom for lithium ion battery anodes had been done. Al doped on Li4Ti5O12 was aimed to increase the ionic conductivity and strengthen the structure of Li4Ti5O12. Al doped on Li4Ti5O12 had been performed by following equation Li(4 – x/3)AlxTi(5 –

2x/3)O12 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075) where the Al atoms substitute Ti and Li atoms. Synthesis was done through a solid state reaction by using Li2CO3, TiO2-anatase, and Al2O3 as raw material. In this study, the effects of substitution of Al in Li4Ti5O12 on the structure, morphology, particle size, surface area and electrochemical performance was studied. The XRD patterns showed that the Al doped on the Li4Ti5O12 did not change crystal structure of Li4Ti5O12. Morphology of the obtained powder was observed by SEM, it showed that the increasing Al doped make the powder porous. Further observation showed that the particle size decreased to 20.32 µm, surface area increased with highest value as 8.25m2/gr and the conductivity is increased by increasing of Al doped. The best conductivity was 8.5 x 10-5 S/cm, the working voltage was about 1.55 V and the best cycle stability was obtained on doping Al 0.05. The maximum specific capacity was 70mAh/g.

Key words: Li-ion batteries, Anode, Lithium titanate, Aluminium doping

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62-21-7560570. E-mail:slamet.priyono@lipi.go.id

CELLULOSE FIBERS FROM OIL PALM FRONDS REINFORCED POLYLACTIC ACIDB COMPOSITE

Firda Aulya Syamani*, Yudhi Dwi Kurniawan, Lisman SuryanegaraResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, IndonesiaAbstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cellulose fibers from oil palm fronds on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. PLA has a great potential to replace petroleum-based plastic, due to its high stiffness and strength are comparable to polystyrene. Nevertheless, the low heat resistance, brittleness and slow crystallization characteristics of PLA are its drawback. To overcome PLA limitation, one of the best solution is natural fiber addition into PLA to produce green composite. Natural fiber from oil palm frond (OPF) is renewable and available excessively in oil palm plantation during cultivation and harvesting time. Three major components of natural fiber are cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. After pulping and bleaching, lignin and hemicellulose of oil palm frond fiber will be removed and set aside cellulose fiber which performance as reinforcing agent in PLA composite. The green composites were prepared by mixing OPF cellulose fibers and PLA in an organic solvent with various fibers content (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%) and various plasticizer (5 wt%, 10wt%). Mechanical properties data show that addition of pulp fibers improved the Young modulus of PLA composite.Key words: Oil palm frond pulp cellulose fibers, Polylactic acid composite, Mechanical properties, Composite morphology.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-21-87914509. E-mail: firda.syamani@biomaterial.lipi.go.id

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNIN FROM ALKALINE PRETREATMENT BLACK LIqUOR OF

OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE

M. Adly Rahandi Lubisa,*, Aniva Rizkia Dewi b, Lucky Risantoa, Lukmanul Hakim Zainia, Euis Hermiatia

aResearch Center for Biomaterial, Indonesian Institute of ScienceJl. Raya Bogor, Km.46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

bBogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Kumbang No. 14, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Lignin is one of potential biopolymers that can be obtained from pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials. In this study, lignin was isolated from alkaline pretreatment black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) by precipitation with hydrochloric acid. The isolated lignins were analyzed for their chemical properties, such chemical compositions, UV absorbances, and FT-IR spectra. The results showed that the ash content of lignin from alkaline pretreatment of SB (16.91%) was lower than from alkaline pretreatment of OPEFB (19.19%), while the acid insoluble lignin (AIL) and acid soluble lignin (ASL) contents were vice versa, 46.23 and 4.00% for the former, and 40.14 and 2.82% for the latter. The empirical formula of the lignin isolates derived from the result of ultimate analysis were C9H13.8764O5.9318 and C9H14.1112O6.4321 for lignin from of OPEFB and SB, respectively. The UV spectra showed that lignin from OPEFB had similar bands with lignin from SB. Both lignin from of OPEFB and SB also had similar FT-IR spectra.Key words: Lignin, Oil palm empty fruit bunch, Sugarcane bagasse, Alkaline pretreatment.

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62-21-87914511. E-mail: adlylubis89@gmail.com

CHANGES IN THE CELLULOSE CRYSTALLINITY DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISTILLED vETIvER

ROOT CELLULOSE FIBERS DEvELOPMENT

Firda Aulya Syamania,*, Subyaktoa, Sukardib, Ani Suryanib

aResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, West Java, 16911, Indonesia

bDepartment of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

Abstract

Distilled vetiver roots (dVR) are agricultural by products and economically lignocellulosic resources. To extract cellulose from lignocellulosic materials, lignin and hemicellulose have to be separated for instance by pulping and bleaching process. Having high tensile strength, cellulose fibers are potential to be utilized as reinforcing agent in composite materials. The main goal of this study was to monitor changes in the cellulose crystallinity occuring during different phases of cellulose fibers development from distilled vetiver root. Soda pulp of distilled vetiver roots were bleached using hydrogen peroxide. The bleached pulp then was reacted by potassium hydroxide to eliminate hemicellulose. Then the second phase of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was conducted to produce cellulose fibers. Surface morphological study using SEM revelead that there was a reduction in fiber diameter during cellulose fibers developments. Cellulose crystallinity was higher at final phase of cellulose fibers development as demonstrated by FTIR and XRD analyses.

Key words: Distilled vetiver root soda pulp, Cellulose fibers, Cellulose crystallinity.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-21-87914509. E-mail: firda.syamani@biomaterial.lipi.go.id

BioethaNol ProductioN usiNg sAcchAroMyces cerevisiAe iMMoBilised oN fresh aNd Modified

sugarcaNe Bagasse

Sita Heris Anitaa,b,*, Wibowo Mangunwardoyoc, Yopid, Maulida Oktavianib, Raden Permana Budi Laksanab

aBiology Study Program, The Graduate School, University of IndonesiaKampus Baru UI Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

bResearch Center for Biomaterials, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

cBiology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of IndonesiaKampus Baru UI Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

dResearch Center for Biotechnology, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

Abstract

Fresh and modified sugarcane bagasse as a carrier of immobilized cells for ethanol production were investigated. Modified sugarcane bagasse was obtained from serial treatments respectively namely steam only, pressure with steam, and by combining both of steam procedure. Aside from that, biocatalyst 1% (w/v) (fresh and modified carrier containing cells) were used as an inoculum for ethanol fermentation. The best modified sugarcane bagasse for carrier of immobilized cells was obtained using steam treatment for 30 minutes by improving the physical properties of carrier that increased the ethanol yield. A maximum ethanol yield was 0.40 ± 0.01 g/g in 24-hour of fermentation period. This maximum ethanol production showed 2 and 5 times higher result compare to immobilized cells on fresh sugarcane bagasse and free cells system, respectively.

Key words: Bioethanol, Immobilized cells system, Sugarcane bagasse, Natural Adsorption.

* Corresponding Author. E-mail: sita.heris@biomaterial.lipi.go.id

EFFECT OF PH ON ExTRACTION EFFICIENCY AND DISTRIBUTION IN NICKEL ION SEPARATION USING

SOLvENT ExTRACTION

Askal Maimulyanti*, Anton Restu PrihadiAkademi Kimia Analisis

Jl. Pangeran Sogiri No. 283, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Nickel ion separation with dimethylglyoxime as chelating agent has been developed in liquid-liquid extraction. Extraction is done with variation of pH in acidic, neutral and alkaline condition, from pH 5 to pH 8. Extraction performed using a total of 12 mL chloroform solvent with one extraction process. Nickel concentration was varied from 5 ppm to 30 ppm. The optimum amount of nickel extracted at pH 5 and 20 ppm concentration, at pH 7 and 20 ppm, at pH 8 and 25 ppm. Using linearity curve is more visible on the extraction of nickel at pH 8 at a concentrastion range of 5 ppm to 25 ppm. 86.30 % of nickel extracted with comparative figures value distribution at 6.29.

Key words: Solvent extraction, Nickel, Dimethylglyoxime, pH, Distribution coefficient.

* Corresponding Author.Tel: +62-251-8650351. E-mail: askal_m@yahoo.com

ETHOxYLATED GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE: PALM OIL BASED NONIONIC SURFACTANT FOR OIL-IN-WATER

EMULSION SYSTEMS

Indri Badria Adilina*, Egi Agustian, Yenny Meliana, Anny SulaswattyResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Puspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

Abstract

The present study focuses on the application of ethoxylated glycerol monooleate as a palm oil based nonionic surfactant for oil-in-water emulsion systems. Preparation of the nonionic surfactant was performed in the prescence of an alkaline catalyst by reacting glycerol monooleate with ethylene oxide at 80ºC followed by purification using acetic acid and black carbon. Results show that the stability of emulsion formed by addition of white oil to an aqueous ethoxylated glycerol monooleate was highly affected by the physical and chemical properties of the ethoxylated material. Formulated emulsions using the nonionic surfactant did not demonstrate separation of oil and water phase after centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes and therefore potentially used as bio-additive materials in natural cosmetics.

Key words: Nonionic surfactant, Ethoxylated glycerol monooleate, Palm oil, Oil-in-water emulsion.

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62-21-7560929. E-mail: indribadria@yahoo.com, indr002@lipi.go.id

CONvERSION OF CITRONELLA OIL AND ITS DERIvATIvES TO MENTHOL OvER BIFUNCTIONAL

NICKEL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS

Indria Badila Adilina*, Ralentri Pertiwi, Anny SulaswattyResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Puspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

Abstract

Citronella oil and its derivatives were converted to menthol in a one-pot reaction system using bifunctional zeolite based nickel catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by immobilization of nickel on natural zeolite (NZ) and synthetic zeolite (ZSM-5) by a simple cation exchange method. Catalytic reactions were carried out at 70ºC by first stirring the mixture in air for cyclization of citronellal to isopulegol followed by hydrogenation of isopulegol to menthol at 2 MPa of H2 pressure. The Ni/NZ catalyst was able to convert 24% of a citronella oil derivative yielding 9% menthol (37% selectivity), whereas Ni/ZSM5 catalyst showed lower activity of with 65% conversion and 4% yield of menthol (6% selectivity). These zeolite based catalysts are therefore potential materials for the conversion of biomass feedstock to value-added fine chemicals.

Key words: Bifunctional Catalysts, Zeolite, Nickel, Citronella Oil, Menthol

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62-21-7560929. E-mail: indribadria@yahoo.com, indr002@lipi.go.id

APPENDIX

EDItorIAl BoArD

Editor in ChiefProf. Dr. Estiko Rijanto

Editors/reviewersProf. Dr. M. Hanafi Dr. T. Mozef Dyg H. Siti Raihani b. H. Abd

Hamid (Brunei)B. Wahono, M.Eng. N. Huda, M.Eng. Sc. Prof. Dr. Apichit Therdyothin

(Thailand)Dr. S. Pribadi Prof. Dr. E. Aldrian Dr. Hrin Nei Thiam (Myanmar)Dr. Desriani Dr. Z. Mustopa Dr. Sreng Vang (Cambodia)Dr. K.A.Z. Thosin Dr. J. Triwibowo Prof. Nguyen Quang Liem

(Viet Nam)Dr. E. Prakasa Dr. D. Rosiyadi Dr. Ong Sim Heng (Singapore)Dr. Dirhamsyah Prof. Dr. Dwi Listyo Mr. Shahruddin Yusof (Malaysia)

Guest RevieweRsProf. Dr. Bambang Riyanto Dr. Ahmad Agus SetiawanDr. Riza Muhida Prof. Dr. Tagawa Yasutaka (Japan)Eny Ida Riyanti, Ph.D. Dr. Fatimah, M.SiDr. Kustiariyah Tarman Dr. Sukma Nuswantara, M.Phil.Prof. Dr. Khanom Simarani (Malaysia) Dr. M. Ali Sulaiman (Malaysia)Dr. Edi Kurniawan Dr. Hilman F. Pardede (Italy)Andrian Arizal, M.Eng. (Germany) Yunita Sari, M.Sc. (United

Kingdom)Ahmad Mukhalson, M.Sc. (United Kingdom) Nazre Batool, M.Sc. (USA)Dr. Bakhit A. Adoum (Chad) Dr. Muhammad Agni Catur

Bhakti

Authors INDEX

A. D. PasekFaculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Bandung Institute of TechnologyJl. Ganesha No.10 Taman Sari, Bandung 41032, Jawa Barat

A. FadliDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau UniversityJln. HR. Subrantas Km. 12,5, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, Indonesia

A. JarinDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of IndonesiaDepok 16424, Indonesia

A. MaimulyantiAkademi Kimia AnalisisJl. Pangeran Sogiri No. 283, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

A. Mahsunah The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology630 Bld PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, Tangerang

A. MuharamResearch Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKomplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

A. M. setiawanCenter for Climate, Agro and Marine Climate - Agency for Meteorology Cli-matology and Geophysics (BMKG)

A. NurResearch Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKomplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

A. PraptijantoResearch Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKomplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

A. PurwitoDepartement of Agronomy and Horticulture-Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University, Darmaga, Bogor

A. P. AsriStudent, Master Program in Agronomy, Universitas PadjadjaranJl. Raya Jatinangor KM 21 45363, Sumedang

A. rasyidDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau UniversityJln. HR. Subrantas Km. 12,5, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, Indonesia

A. rudyantoBadan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika,Jl. Angkasa I, No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, 10720 Indonesia

A. r. DewiBogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Kumbang No. 14, Bogor, Indonesia

A. r. PrihadiAkademi Kimia AnalisisJl. Pangeran Sogiri No. 283, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

A. sopaheluwakanCenter for Climate, Agro and Marine Climate - Agency for Meteorology Cli-matology and Geophysics (BMKG)

A. subhanResearch Center for Physics–LIPIKawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 442 Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten

A. sulaswattyResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of SciencesPuspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

A. suryaniDepartment of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

A. s. PutriGraduate student of Biochemistry Department, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680

A. s. YuwonoDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural UniversityPO BOX 220, Bogor, Indonesia

A. Y. sariResearch Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

A. ZakariaBogor Analytical Chemistry AcademyJl. Pangeran Sogiri No.283, Bogor, Indonesia

A. Z. MustopaResearch Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911

B. h. trisasongkoDepartment of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Meranti, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

B. PrasetyaInstitute of National Standarization, Manggala Wanabakti Building Blok IVJl. Gatot Subroto Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia

B. PrihandokoResearch Center for Physics–LIPIKawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 442 Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten

B. WahonoResearch Center for Electric Power and Mechatronics – LIPIKomp. LIPI Gd. 20, Jl. Cisitu No.21/154D, Bandung 4015, Jawa Barat

C. CarolInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DesrianiResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Indonesia

D. AryantoResearch Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

D. A. BruzonInstitute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-DilimanQuezon City, Philippines

D. DewiBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

D. GirmansyahResearch Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

D. hardianto The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology630 Bld PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, Tangerang

D. PermanaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences,LIPI Campus Cisitu, Bandung, Indonesia

D. PriadiResearch Centre for Biotehnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia

D. P. sariResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Scienes (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor km.46, Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia

D. rahayuningwulanResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences,LIPI Campus Cisitu, Bandung, Indonesia

D. r. PanujuDepartment of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Meranti, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

D. s. AdiResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

D. WaluyoBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

E. AgustianResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of SciencesPuspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

E. C. GuevarraCavite State UniversityIndang, Cavite, Philippines

E. D. WahjunieDepartment of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Meranti, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Erwahyuni E.Biotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

E. hermiatiResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

E. MakmurCenter for Research and Development - Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

E. rohaetiBogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

E. siskaBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

F. AfiatiResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Indonesia

F. A. syamaniResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia

F. DamayantiLaboratory of Plant Biotechnology and BreedingFaculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indo-nesia

F. oemryResearch Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

G. tapangNational Institute of Physics University of the Philippines-DilimanQuezon City, Philippines

h. DanuriGraduate student of Biochemistry Department, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680

h. E. PutraResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences,LIPI Campus Cisitu, Bandung, Indonesia

h. GhasemiGeoscience AustraliaCnr Jerrabomberra Ave and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT, 2609 Austra-lia

h. sukimanResearch Center for Biotechnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

h. WahyuResearch Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang 21/154D, Bandung 40135 Indonesia

h. YuliandokoState Polytechnic of BanyuwangiJl. Raya Jember Km.13 Labanasem-Kabat, Banyuwangi, IndonesiaandPostgraduate of Information Engineering and Computer, Electronics Engi-neering, Polytechnic Institute of SurabayaJl. Raya ITS Sukolilo 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

I. A. P. BanlaweMapùa Institute of TechnologyMuralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

I. BatubaraBogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

I. B. AdilinaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of SciencesPuspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

I. DjunaediResearch Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang 21/154D, Bandung 40135 Indonesia

I G. A. PurbawaBanyuwangi Meteorogical StationJl.Jaksa Agung Suprapto No.152, East Java, Indonesia

I N. sukantaBadan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika,Jl. Angkasa I, No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, 10720 Indonesia

I. s. MartinezInstitute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-Diliman Quezon City, Philippines

J. I. royaniThe Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology630 Bld PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, Tangerang

J. MurjayaMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

J. M. YusoffInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J. triwibowoResearch Center for Physics–LIPIKawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 442 Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten

KusmiatiResearch Centre for Biotehnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia

KusumandariDepartement of Physics, Sebelas Maret UniversityIr. Sutami 36A Street, Surakarta, Indonesia

K. BauerGerman Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ-Potsdam)Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam Germany

K. ramliDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of IndonesiaDepok 16424, Indonesia

K. simaraniInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

K. syamsuDepartement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineer-ing and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPBPO Box 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia

l. ArianaCenter for Science and Technology Development Studies, Indonesian Institute of SciencesGedung A PDII, 4th floor, Jl. Gatot Soebroto Kav 10 Jakarta, Indonesia

l. h. YengInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Science, University of Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

l. h. ZainiResearch Center for Biomaterial, Indonesian Institute of ScienceJl. Raya Bogor, Km.46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

l. risantoResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

l. suryanegaraResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia

l. triratnaResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Bogor, Indonesia

l. WindriawatiBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

MasturyonoMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

M. AffendiResearch Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang 21/154D, Bandung 40135 Indonesia

M. ArifinResearch Center for Electric Power and Mechatronics – LIPIKomp. LIPI Gd. 20, Jl. Cisitu No.21/154D, Bandung 4015, Jawa Barat

M. A. AlagaoNational Institute of Physics University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

M. A. r. lubisResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

M. D. YamanakaJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)Yokosuka, Japan andGraduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

M. haerumanLaboratory of Plant Biotechnology and BreedingFaculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indo-nesia

M. KanekoLaboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Hu-manosphere (RISH)Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

M. MuzliMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

M. oktavianiResearch Center for Biomaterials, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

M. rahayuningsihDepartement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technol-ogy, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Puspa, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia

M. r. PerenaCavite State UniversityIndang, Cavite, Philippines

M. sariResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Indonesia

M. s. M. AnnuarInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

M. umarGerman Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ-Potsdam)Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam GermanyandUniversity of Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH)Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Darussalam – Banda Aceh

M. u. h. A. rasyidPostgraduate of Information Engineering and Computer, Electronics Engi-neering, Polytechnic Institute of SurabayaJl. Raya ITS Sukolilo 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

M. WidyartiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural UniversityPO BOX 220, Bogor, Indonesia

NuriyanahResearch Center for Biotechnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

N. A. M. NordinInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

N. CarsonoLaboratory of Plant Biotechnology and BreedingFaculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indo-nesia

N. G. WirantiDepartement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technol-ogy, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Puspa, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia

N. I. s. BokhariInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

N. susiannaSTKIP SuryaJl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

PrabandariBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

P. AgamuthuInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

P. CumminsResearch School of Earth Sciences-The Australian National UniversityBld 142 Mills Road Acton ACT, 0200 AustraliaandGeoscience AustraliaCnr Jerrabomberra Ave and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT, 2609 Austra-lia

P. C. MawardaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Cisitu Sangkuriang, Bandung, Indonesia

P. G. AdinuraniFaculty of Agriculture, Merdeka UniversitySerayu, Madiun, Indonesia

QudratunDepartement of Physics, Sebelas Maret UniversityIr. Sutami 36A Street, Surakarta, Indonesia

r. FirmansyahDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Riau UniversityJln. HR. Subrantas Km. 12,5, Pekanbaru, Riau, 28293, Indonesia

r. I. sholihahDepartment of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Meranti, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

r. N. umamiResearch Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911

r. PertiwiResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of SciencesPuspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

r. P. MahesworoMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

r. P. B. laksanaResearch Center for Biomaterials, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

r. r. BellaBina Putera Nusantara Vocational High SchoolJl Sukarindik 63A, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia

r. susantiResearch Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

r. t. WahyuniElectronic Departement, Polytechnic of Caltex, RiauJl. Umban Sari No. 1, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia

sasmokoSurya UniversityJl. Boulevard Gading Serpong Blok O/1 Summarecon Serpong, Tangerang, IndonesiaandSTKIP SuryaJl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

siswantoCenter for Aviation and Marine Meteorology - Agency for Meteorology Cli-matology and Geophysics (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I no 2 Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia

subyaktoResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, West Java, 16911, Indonesia

sugiyatnoResearch Centre for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJln. Cisitu-Sangkuriang 21/154D, Bandung 40135 Indonesia

sukardiDepartment of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Raya Darmaga, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

supariCenter for Climate, Agro and Marine Climate - Agency for Meteorology Cli-matology and Geophysics (BMKG)

suryadiDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of IndonesiaDepok 16424, Indonesia

sutisnaNational Nuclear Energy AgencyJl. Puspitek Raya, Serpong Tangerang, Indonesia

suyantoBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

s. AmienAssociate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PadjadjaranJl. Raya Jatinangor KM 21 45363, Sumedang

s. D. A. KusumaningtyasAgency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I, No. 2, Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia

s. F. serInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

s. h. AnitaBiology Study Program, The Graduate School, University of IndonesiaKampus Baru UI Depok, Depok, 16424, IndonesiaandResearch Center for Biomaterials, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

s. h. FauziahInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

s. J. r. lekatompessyResearch Center for Biotechnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

s. KhoirumDepartement of Physics, Sebelas Maret UniversityIr. Sutami 36A Street, Surakarta, Indonesia

s. MujiasihBalai Besar MKG Wilayah III DenpasarJl. Raya Tuban, Kuta 80362, Kabupaten Badung, Bali, Indonesia

s. PramonoMeteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (BMKG)Jl. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran – Jakarta Pusat 10720

s. PriyonoResearch Center for Physics–LIPIKawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 442 Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten

s. sariGraduated Student, Master Program in Plant BreedingFaculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indo-nesia

s. sukaridhotoPostgraduate of Information Engineering and Computer, Electronics Engi-neering, Polytechnic Institute of SurabayaJl. Raya ITS Sukolilo 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

s. WarnarsSurya UniversityJl. Boulevard Gading Serpong Blok O/1 Summarecon Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

t. ErnawatiResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

t. FajriutamiResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Indonesia

t. sudiroResearch Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

t. WatanabeLaboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Hu-manosphere (RISH)Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

t. WidowatiResearch Center for Biotechnology-LIPIJl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

u. JuliaBiotech Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Area, Serpong 15314, Indonesia

W. DjasmasariBogor Analytical Chemistry AcademyJl. Pangeran Sogiri No.283, Bogor, Indonesia

W. FatriasariResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia andDepartement of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agri-cultural University (IPB)PO Box 168, Bogor 16001, Indonesia

W. KusharyotoResearch Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Indonesia

W. MangunwardoyoBiology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of IndonesiaKampus Baru UI Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

W. r. AndayanieFaculty of Agriculture, Merdeka UniversitySerayu, Madiun, Indonesia

W. sulistyaCenter for Climate, Agro and Marine Climate - Agency for Meteorology Cli-matology and Geophysics (BMKG)

W. sumaryono The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology630 Bld PUSPIPTEK Area, Serpong, Tangerang

W. syafiiDepartement of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agri-culturalUniversity (IPB)PO Box 168, Bogor 16001, Indonesia

YopiResearch Center for Biotechnology, LIPI, Cibinong, BogorJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

Y. D. KurniawanResearch Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of SciencesJl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia

Y. IrianiDepartement of Physics, Sebelas Maret UniversityIr. Sutami 36A Street, Surakarta, Indonesia

Y. KurosakiLaboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Hu-manosphere (RISH)Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan

Y. MelianaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of SciencesPuspiptek Area Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

Y. PutrasariResearch Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of SciencesKomplek LIPI, Jl. Cisitu No. 154D/21 Gd. 20, Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Y. srikandaceResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Cisitu Sangkuriang, Bandung, Indonesia

Y. V. ParamitadeviDiploma Program, Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl. Kumbang No. 14, Bogor, Indonesia

Z. AliasInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia