Upload
norah-cunningham
View
222
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
456-466* Analyze Martin Luther’s
Ninety-Five Theses.
* Describe Luther’s beliefs and their impact on society.
456-466* Analyze Martin Luther’s
Ninety-Five Theses.
* Describe Luther’s beliefs and their impact on society.
Martin Luther
The Birth of Protestantism
Directions:
• Skim read each of the following documents by Martin Luther and make note of what he’s suggesting:
• “The Ninety-Five Theses”
• “Defiance of the Pope”
Martin Luther
Faith alone leads to salvation!
The Birth of Protestantism
• Son of copper miner from Saxony in Germany, father wanted him to train as an attorney.• After a frightening thunderstorm Luther joins monastery and is ordained in 1509.• Very concerned with his salvation.• Studied the Pauline letters and concluded that only faith in Christ alone led to salvation.
The Birth of Protestantism Pope Leo X authorized the sale of
indulgences.
Archbishop Albert of Magdeburg hired John Tetzel to oversee the collection of funds.
Luther openly criticized the use of Indulgences (works) to gain salvation.
October 31, 1517, he posted his 95 Theses on the Castle Church in Wittenberg – Ideas spread without his knowledge.
Pope Leo X
John Tetzel
Matthias Gerung, Folly of IndulgencesIn this woodcut by Matthias Gerung, the sale of indulgences is viciously satirized. With one claw in the holy water symbolizing the rite of purification, and the other claw resting on the coins paid for indulgences, the church, in the form of a rapacious eagle with its right hand stretched out for offerings, writes out an indulgence with excrement--which represents its worth. Fools, in a false security, sit in the animal's gaping mouth, representing hell.
Matthias Gerung, Folly of Indulgences
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
The Birth of Protestantism Luther publicly challenges the Pope in 1519 by writing a
letter “Defiance of the Pope”. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
declares Luther an outlaw and calls
him to appear at the “Diet of Worms”
in 1521. In 1530, Luther appears
at “Augsburg Confession”
to explain his teachings; the
basis of Lutheranism.
Charles V
Meeting that formulated LutheranismIn this woodcut of the Augsburg Confession being read to Charles V, the artist has included text and images of the Lutheran teachings on the sacraments and the nature of salvation in the background. In contrast are the images on the left of a papal ceremony and court hierarchy in which, the artist implies, Christ is not present.
* Augsburg Confession (Diet of Augsburg) - 1530
Christ
The Birth of Protestantism Luther publicly challenges the Pope in 1519 by writing a
letter “Defiance of the Pope”. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
declares Luther an outlaw and calls
him to appear at the “Diet of Worms”
in 1521. In 1530, Luther appears
at “Augsburg Confession”
to explain his teachings; the
basis of Lutheranism. Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli
joins with Luther by 1519.
Charles V
Luther believed: Salvation comes by faith alone, not works. Religious authority resides in the Bible, (“sola
scriptura”) not the Pope, and is open to interpretation by one’s conscience.
The church is a community of believers, not just clergy.
All vocations are equal in the eyes of God. There are only 3 sacraments: baptism ,the Lord’s
Supper (Eucharist or Holy Communion) and penance. The importance of marriage. A women’s place was in the home. Consubstantiation rather than transubstantiation.
Social Effects of Luther’s Teachings
1. Preacherships• established in Germany to give sermons
2. Peasant Revolts • based on his work On Christian Liberty (1520)
3. Humanists • educated men and women were attracted to
his teachings
4. Encouraged enlightened views• Wrote that sexuality within marriage is not
shameful
Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553) is known for his portraits. He painted the dual portraits of Martin Luther and his wife Katharine von Bora, who married in 1525 and had an exceptionally happy union.
Luther and his wife Katherine von Bora