4D Printing: Integrated Properties and Mechatronic ......2D 3D Opportunities for 4D printing Multi-material 3D printing with raster control for each voxel: Printed results is more

4D Printing: Integrated Properties and

Mechatronic Elements in Products

Prof. Jo Geraedts

Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania

Atoms & Bits

bits

actuator

atoms

sensor

The future of printing 7 October 2015 2

Turning information into things, and things into information


Atoms & Bits

bits

actuator

atom

sensor

Moore’s law: exponential growth in information processing


Supercomputer inside

Personal processing power ●  Same Processing Power: 1975 Mainframe and 2010 Smartphone ●  4.5 billion people (60%) own mobile phone (2015) ●  2.0 billion people (25%) own smartphone (3G/4G in 2015)

http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a

1975 2015


Internet of Things 2015

The world is becoming interconnected. Access to the internet (2015): •  Millions of businesses, •  3.2 billion people (43%) and •  4.0 billion devices

(M-2-M, Internet of Things)


bits

actuator

atoms

sensor


Atoms & Bits

bits

actuator

atoms

sensor

3D printer


Cyber Physical Systems

Computer Embedded ICT Internet Cloud

Materials Physics

Chemistry Mechanics

Bits & Atoms

2D Printing

Pixel: Picture Element

Material or Ink

bits

atoms

actuator

sensor


Inkjet: Digital alternative to offset On-demand printing 10.000.000.000 droplets of 4-10 pL per sec Result is identical to the human eye

2D



2D 3D

Opportunities for 4D printing Multi-material 3D printing with raster control for each voxel: Printed results is more than a digital reproduction of injection molding


3D printing in the past

Mono material

3D Printing – Egyptian Pyramids

Voxel: Volumetric Building Element

Multi material

3D Printing

Case Fine Art

Multi material 3D Printing

‘What is a painting?’

Fine Art

Fine Art

Is this a painting?

Fine Art

A painting is a 3D landscape of paint. The texture/relief adds just as much to the uniqueness of a painting as the composition. We visually perceive these indirectly; by the way light is reflected from objects. Painters understand this process

[Image source: http://www.learn2paint.info]

Fine Art

Van Gogh: “… sometimes the material, the nature of the subjects themselves, demands impasto”

Fine Art

Fine Art reproduction research project

●  No model for material appearance description

●  Various aspects to appearance

●  Physical - Light-material interaction

●  Psychophysical – Characteristics eye

●  Psychological – Image processing

●  Attributes:

●  Colour ●  Texture

●  Gloss

●  Translucency

Goal Fine Art reproduction research

Perception

Materials Painting

Materials Print

Different imaging techniques interacting with different layers

•  Developing the access, comparison and data fusion of analytical imagery

•  Reconstruction original painting

sensor

Texture reproduction Printing - Océ high resolution 3D printing technology

●  6 UV-curable inks (T W CMYK) ● Raster (voxels) printer ● Resolution 450 dpi (Apple iPhone 6: 326 dpi)

Materials ●  Color ●  Transparent ●  Conductive ●  Soft/Hard

●  What is the minimal set of materials to (re)produce visual properties on micro scale?

(Re)Production of Fine Arts

atoms

Case Soft Robotics

Multi material 4D Printing


Courtesy of http://www.robotshop.com/en/robotic-arms.html & http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/dlr-super-robust-robot-hand

The hand of a robot arm

A sophisticated one

Standard robotic hand



Big Hero 6: Robot Baymax



Air pressure actuators



Mechatronics

bits

actuator

atoms

sensor

Control



Air

Bending actuator

actuator



Bending actuator



Torsion Actuator

actuator



-  Mono material

-  Bending bellows -  Double bellow

-  Torsion bellow

Air pressure robot arm

actuator sensor +



Sensors


sensor


Torsion



-  Create gestures

-  Interactive handshake

Functionalities



Integrated sensor

Shaking hands


Materials ●  Color ●  Transparent ●  Conductive ●  Soft/Hard

●  What is the minimal set of materials to design gesture, tactile and haptic properties on macro & micro scale?

Design of soft robotics

atoms


Multi-material: Voxels Material 1



Multi-material: Voxels Material 2



Multi-material composition

bits

atoms



Voxels in Gripper



Voxels in Gripper



Thank you


Documents

4D Printing: Integrated Properties and Mechatronic ......2D 3D Opportunities for 4D printing Multi-material 3D printing with raster control for each voxel: Printed results is more