4G Network Services

1 Mohieldein Mohamed

What is 4G?

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With great power comes great responsibility.

4G Fourth generation Mobile Communications

Wireless World Research Forum defines 4G as:

-A network that operates on Internet technology,combines it with other applications and technologiessuch as Wi-Fi, and runs at speeds ranging from 100Mbps (in cell-phone networks) to 1 Gbps(in localWi-Fi networks).

• Other descriptions:Beyond 3rd Generation. Fourth-generation cellular communication system. Fourth-generation mobile technology. Fully IP-based wireless internet.100 Mbps (outdoor) and 1Gbps (indoor). End-to-end QoS (Quality of service). High security.Any services, anytime, anywhere.4G will make us as a part of the Internet.Always Be Connected (ABC).

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• 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems along with cellular telephone systems.

• The goal of 4G systems is to incorporate and integrate different wireless access technologies and mobile network architectures so as to achieve a seamless wireless access infrastructure.

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Previous Generations(1G,2G,2.5G and 3G)

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Everything you can imagine is real.

1G

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When one door closes, another opens.

• 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation of mobile telephone networks.

• Circuit-switched technology. • FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access).• Analog system. • Basic mobility.• Poor voice quality.• Poor security.

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2G

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You can have it all. Just not all at once.

• Digital –consists of 1s and 0s•Digital signal: 1) Low level, 2) High level,3) Rising edge, 4) Falling edge

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1

3

2

4

10

100

2G• Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much

more effectively than analog voice encodings.•Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal.

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• Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery power.

• Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog.

• CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal.

•Translates data from digital to analog and vice .

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CODEC 0101110Voice

Speaker

2G•Advantages:• The digital voice encoding allows digital error

checking•increase sound quality•lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer.

•SMS –“short message service”•E-mail

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2GDisadvantages

• Cell towers had a limited coverage area.

• Built mainly for voice services and slow data.

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2.5G2G Enhanced

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The best way to predict the future is to invent it.

• Lies somewhere between 2G and 3G.

• The development of 2.5G has been viewed as a stepping-stone towards 3G.

• Was prompted by the demand for better data services and access to the internet.

• Provides faster services than 2G, but not as faster as advanced as the newer 3G systems.

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• Extends the capabilities of 2G systems by providing additional features, such as a packet-switched connection(GPRS) in the TDMA-based GSM system, and enhanced data rates (HSCSD and EDGE).

GPRS: General Packet Radio Services.EDGE: Enhanced Data for Global Evolution.HSCSD: High Speed circuit-switched data.

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Dreams are necessary to life.

3G

3G• Large capacity and broadband capabilities.

•Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps.

•Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz– -A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth.

• High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G.• Global roaming

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3G• CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access.• Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency.• Encodes data with a special code associated with each

channel.

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Data Rates Comparison (Kbps)

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1

10

100

1000

10000

Lower speed Higher speed

2G

2.5G

3G

Evolution To 4G

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Ever wonder where your life is going.

Evolution to 4G

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CDMA

2.5G

2G

3G

3.5G

3.9G

CDMA IS-95A

CDMA IS-95B

CDMA 2000

1x Ev-DORev O/A/B

UMB 802.20

GSM/UMTS IEEE Cellular IEEE LAN

IEEE 802.11a

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11g

IEEE 802.11g

IEEE 802.11n

GSM TDMA IS-136

GPRS

HSDPAFDD/TDD

HSPA+

E-GPRS EDGE

WCDMA FDD/TDD

TD SCDMA LCR-TDD

IEEE 802.16

Wi BROFixed WiMAX 802.16d

Mobile WiMAX 802.16e

HSUPAFDD/TDD

LTEE-UTRA

Technology moving towards 4G

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Mobility

Data Rates

High speed

Medium speed

Low speed

1995 2000 2005 2010+

~14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps <100 Mbps

1G (Analog)

2G (Digital)

3G (IMT2000)

3G LTE

4G

2.4 GHz WLAN

5 GHz WLAN

High Speed WLAN

Mobile WiMAX(WiBRO)

Bluetooth

WPANCDMA/GSM/TDMA

CDMA/GSM/TDMA

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Mobility

Data Rates

High speed

Walking/ Local area

Standing/Indoor

0.1 1 10 100

Medium speed 4th Generation

(2007-2010)3th Generation(IMT-2000)(2001)2G2G

2.5G

4G Communication System

A dream is a wish your heart makes.

• Seamless Roaming• "Seamless" and "wireless," when put together,

represent a technology of wireless Internet that hands you off to another network without interruption so you may continue your activities online without even noticing that you connected into another network. Another name for it is "seamless roaming."

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Seamless Connection of Networks in 4G

Core IP Network

Connection Layer

Cellular 3G (UMTS etc.

Cellular 2.5G (GSM etc.

Digital Audio/Video

Broadcast

Short Range PAN/LAN/MAN/WAN

WLAN/HIPER-LAN

Cellular 4G

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Features of 4G:•Faster and more reliable.

100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s)

•Lower cost than previous generations•Multi-standard wireless system.

–Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x)

•Ad Hoc Networking.•IPv6 Core.•OFDM used instead of CDMA.•Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n

–Most information is proprietary.30

vs.

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Technology 3G 4GFrequency Band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz

Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHzData Rates Up to 2Mbps 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationaryAccess W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMAFEC Turbo-codes Concatenated codesSwitching Circuit/Packet Packet

4G Technology

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Flexibility comes with responsibility.

• Smart Antenna

• Beam radio signals directly at a users to follow the users as they move.

•Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference.

•Seamless handoff between towers/access points.

•One transmit antenna, two receive antennas.–Allows connection to two access points at once.

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34Smart Antenna Technology

Beam Tracking

Space Division Multiple Access(SDMA)

Smart Antenna

Same time and frequency

Past

Now

PastNow

Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM)

Basic idea: Using a large number of parallel narrow-band subcarriers instead of a single wide-band carrier to transport information.

• Advantages: -Very easy and efficient in dealing with multi-path. -Robust again narrow-band interference

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G4• Earth's population stands at around 6.6 billion.• The Internet has a population of just 1.3 billion.

• IPv6 uses 128 bits for IPv6 addresses which allows for 340 billion billion billion billion (3.4x1038) unique addresses.

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22%

IPv6 vs. IPv4Feature IPv4 IPv6

Deployed 1978 1999

Address format 129.5.255.2/16 2001:0ba0:01e0:d001:0000:0000:d0f0:0010

Address Space Over 109; possible addresses Over 1038; possible addresses

Packet Size Variable size- time consuming to handle

Fixed size (40 Octets)More efficient

Special fields in header

Many types, often not supported by venders .

Eliminated for efficiency or replaced by other features.

Security -limited: no authentication or encryption at IP level.-Dependence on higher level protocols; vulnerable to DoS and address deception or spoofing attacks.

-Authentication(validation of packet origin).-Encryption(privacy of contents)-requires administration of “security associations” to handle key distributions.

Quality of Service -Defined but not generally used -Flow labeling-Priority-Support for real-time data and multimedia distribution. 37

Data Rate Comparison (Kbps)

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• Conclusion:4G system provides an end to end IP solution

where voice and data streamed multimedia can be served to users on an ” Anytime, Anywhere ” basis at higher data rates than previous generation.

Wider bandwidth.End-to-end QoS.Higher security.Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere.Affordable cost and one billing.

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