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7/31/2019 4G Seminar
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4th
GenerationMobile NetworksAn OverviewPresented by,
Syed Ali Nauman Gilani
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1 Evolution to 4G - Background
2 Introduction
3 Technologies and Architecture
4 Scenarios
5 Services and Applications
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Evolution to 4GBackgroundMobile Wireless Telephone
Systems Generations
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0th Generation
No Cells (One cell with radius of hundreds of KM)
Introduced in 1946
Transceivers were big and only carried by vehicles
Inefficient way of Spectrum usage No SDM or TDM
Manual call switching
IMPROVEMENTS in MTS leads to :-IMPROVEMENTS in MTS leads to :-
IMTS Improved MTS
Better channel utilization more channels then MTS
Automatic switching
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1st Generation
Introduced in late 1970s
Cellular Architecture (Space Division Multiplexing)
Small handheld Terminals not so power efficient
Analog communication.
Limited data connectivity (SMS).
Circuit switched.
Suffers the draw back of Analog communication.
Spectrum Inefficiency
Inferior call quality
No use of Encryption
Examples: (Different Countries Adopted Different Standards)
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System)
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony)
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2nd Generation
Introduced in late 1980s
Digital communication.
Limited data connectivity (SMS).
Circuit switched.
Advantages of Digital communication.
Encryption
Use of error correction
Efficient use of spectrum and power control
Good voice quality
Example: (Region vise standards)
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , Digital AMPS
IS 54 - 95 (Interim Standard 54 and 95)
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2.5th Generation
Data connectivity with internet access.
Packet switching overlaid on circuit switched technology.
Data rates 14.4 Kbps to 115 Kbps
Examples:
GPRS (General Packet Radio System)
HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data)
CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)
CDMA TWO (IS-95B)
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3rd Generation
Introduced in late 1990s
Digital communication.
High Data connectivity (60 to 500 Kbps).
Circuit switched and Packet switched.
Advantages:
Supports Symmetric and Asymmetric Traffic
High performance Multimedia Traffic supported
Support of running several services on same terminal
Ability to create a personalized set of services via Virtual Home Environment)
Example: (Almost Universal Standard)
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)
Standards and Radio Interfaces in UMTS:-
W-CDMA , CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, UWC, EDGE, DECT
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3.5th Generation
3rd Generation + Interactivity = 3.5th Generation
Supports IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
Data rates more than 1 Mbps
Examples: (3GPP and 3GPP2)
WiMAX ( Wireless Microwave Access )
HSDPA( High Speed Data Packet Access )
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Evolution Path TimeLine 1G to 4G
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Evolution Path 1G to 4G contd
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Videos
Ericsson IMS
Ericsson IMS Demo
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS.flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS%20Demo%20(Ericssson%20AB).flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS%20Demo%20(Ericssson%20AB).flvhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch22612/Ericsson%20IMS.flv7/31/2019 4G Seminar
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Introduction to 4thGeneration
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Note These Important Points!
New Generations are coming in the time period of 10 years so 4G
is expected to be deployed in 2010.1
2
3
Work on Next Generation starts with the Deployment of
previous Generation.
4th Generation integrates the evolution of Mobile Telephony and
Data Networks and is the Part ofNGNs (Next Generation
Networks)
4Advancements and Evolution in Generations depends on
Technological Advancements andRequirements and Needs of
Users. All these factors collectively set the TRENDS.
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Explaining Point 3
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Defining 4th Generation
4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems andnetwork of networks.
Convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumerelectronics, communication technology, and several other convergences.
Capability of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and
indoor environments. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site)
Guarantees on end-to-end quality of service.
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
Seamless connectivity and globalroaming across multiple networks
High security, High Processing with efficient Power Control system
Services at Anytime, Anywhere basis (Ubiquitous).
Affordable cost and one billing for all services.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiency7/31/2019 4G Seminar
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From user driven perspective, the user has freedom and flexibility to select the service, atFrom user driven perspective, the user has freedom and flexibility to select the service, ata reasonable QoS and price, anytime, anywherea reasonable QoS and price, anytime, anywhere
Reconfigurability: Next-generation wireless network interfaces need to be able to switchReconfigurability: Next-generation wireless network interfaces need to be able to switch
seamlessly between different communications standards, in order to provide the mostseamlessly between different communications standards, in order to provide the mostsuitable level of service while the user moves across different environments.suitable level of service while the user moves across different environments.
Convergence is what 4G is aboutConvergence is what 4G is about
Fixed, Celluar phone systems, WPANs,WLANs ,Broadcasting/Satellite CommunicationFixed, Celluar phone systems, WPANs,WLANs ,Broadcasting/Satellite Communication
Hierarchy of wireless networks: 4G will consist of a hierarchy of quality/bandwidth modesHierarchy of wireless networks: 4G will consist of a hierarchy of quality/bandwidth modes
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Candidate
Architectures and
Technologies
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4G Conceptual4G Conceptual
ArchitectureArchitecture
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Architecture
latency, packet lossand signaling overheadexperienced duringhandoff
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4G Provides Mobility & Capacity4G Provides Mobility & Capacity
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LTE - Long Term Evolution
LTE targets requirements of next generation networks including downlink peak rates of at least100Mbit/s, 50 Mbit/s
In the uplink and RAN (Radio Access Network) round-trip times of less than 10ms.
LTE supports flexible carrier bandwidths, from 1.4MHz up to 20MHz as well as both
FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex).
The goals for LTE include improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services,
making use of new spectrum and reframed spectrum opportunities, and better integration with
other open standards.
The architecture that will result from this work is called EPS (Evolved Packet System) and
comprises E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRANUMTS Terristrial Radio Acces Network) on the access
side and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) on the core side.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_Packet_Corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTRAN7/31/2019 4G Seminar
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Long Term Evolution contd
EPC is also known as SAE (System Architecture Evolution) and E-UTRAN is also known as LTE.
The main advantages with LTE are high throughput, low latency,
plug and play from day one, FDD and TDD in the same platform,
superior end-user experience and simple architecture resulting in low
Operating Expenditures (OPEX).
LTE will also support seamless connection to existing networks,
such as GSM, CDMA and WCDMA. However LTE requires acompletely new RAN and core network deployment and is not
backward compatible with existing UMTS systems.
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Multi Carrier Modulation Techniques
OFDM (Orthogonal Division Multiplexing)
To mitigate the problems in air interface.
To increase the Data rates by removing
Multipath Fading
Inter Symbol Interference
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Design Goals for4G and Beyondand Related
Research Issues
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System Interoperability
Multimode Terminals
Terminal Bandwidth and Battery Life
Packet-Switch Fixed Network
Varying Quality of Bandwidth for Wireless Access
Distribution Layer
Cellular Layer
Hot-Spot Layer
Personal Network Layer
Fixed Layer Advanced Base Stations
Higher Data Rates
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4G Services and Applications
Tele-Presence
Information Access
Inter-Machine Communication
Intelligent Shopping
Security
Location-Based Services
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Trends for NGNWirelessNetworks:
Scenarios
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Scenarios: Visions of Future
Trends for Next-Generation WirelessNetworks Globalization of Products, Services
andCompanies Communicating Appliances Services become more
Independent of theUnderline Infrastructure
Information Trading/Overflow Standardization Diversification
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Scenario 1: Anything Goes
This Scenario has the following characteristics:
High Development Rate of Telecommunications.
Transparent Access to the Network.
Manufacturing Companies Have a Strong Market Power. Large Number ofde facto Standards.
Generic Hardware Equipment will run Software Enabling
Specialized Services.
Self-Configuring Systems.
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Scenario 2: Big Brother
This Scenario has the following characteristics:
Privacy is the First Priority.
Governmental Organizations Ensure Privacy.Limited Telecommunications Market.
Low Development Rate of Telecommunications.
Very Few Operators.
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Scenario 3: Pocket Computing
This Scenario has the following characteristics:
Social and Political Differences.
Existence of Highly Differentiated Service andPricing Categories.
Service Providers offering Specialized Services
also provide equipment for specialized Purposes.
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