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Jos Nez de Arco M.
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IEEE 802
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IEEE 802 WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
Network definition
Wireless personal areanetwork (WPAN)
Low-rate WPAN (LR-WPAN)
Wireless local area network
(WLAN)
Wireless metroplitan areanetwork (WMAN)
IEEE standard
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.16
Known as
Bluetooth
ZigBee
WiFi
WiMAX
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IEEE 802 standardisation framework
802.1
Manage-ment
802.3
MAC
802.3
PHY
802.5
MAC
802.5
PHY
802.11
PHY
802.11a
PHY
802.11b
PHY
802.11g
PHY
802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC)
CSMA/CD(Ethernet)
CSMA/CA
TokenRing
CSMA/CA (Wireless LAN)
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CSMA/CD (Ethernet)802.3
Medium Access Control (MAC)
CSMA/CA = Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Avoidance
physical layer specified in 802.11
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum) 2Mbps
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum) 11mbps
802.11
signal format is OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing)
54Mbps802.11a
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Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
802.1
Manage-ment
802.3
MAC
802.3
PHY
802.5
MAC
802.5
PHY
802.11
PHY
802.15.1
MAC+
PHY
802.2 LLC
802.11
MAC
802.15.4
MAC
+
PHY
802.16
MAC
+
PHY
Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG)
ISM band: 2.4 2.4835 GHz
Data rates up to700 kbit/s (2.1
Mbit/s)
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Low-rate WPAN (LR-WPAN)
802.15.1
MAC
+
PHY
802.15.4
MAC+
PHY
802.16
MAC
+
PHY
802.1
Manage-ment
802.3
MAC
802.3
PHY
802.5
MAC
802.5
PHY
802.11
PHY
802.2 LLC
802.11
MAC
ISM band: 2.4 2.4835 GHz
ZigBee Alliance
Data rates up to
250 kbit/s
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Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
802.15.1
MAC
+
PHY
802.15.4
MAC
+
PHY
802.16
MAC+
PHY
802.1Manage-
ment
802.3
MAC
802.3
PHY
802.5
MAC
802.5
PHY
802.11
PHY
802.2 LLC
802.11
MAC
Various frequency bands (not only ISM)
WiMAX
Various datarates up to 100
Mbit/s andmore
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NetworkIEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)
IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN(ZigBee)
IEEE 802.11 WLAN (WiFi)
IEEE 802.16 WMAN(WiMAX)
Multiplexing / MA / duplexingTDMA / TDD
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CA
TDM/TDMA (down/uplink) /TDD or (semi-duplex) FDD
Multiplexing / multiple access / duplexing (2)
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Network
IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)
IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN(ZigBee)
IEEE 802.11 WLAN (WiFi)
IEEE 802.16 WMAN(WiMAX)
Maximum data rate
1 Mbit/s (Bluetooth v. 1.2)3 Mbit/s (Bluetooth v. 2.0)
250 kbit/s
11 Mbit/s (802.11b)54 Mbit/s (802.11g)
134 Mbit/s
Maximum channel data rates
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Network
IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)
IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN(ZigBee)
IEEE 802.11 WLAN (WiFi)
IEEE 802.16 WMAN(WiMAX)
Modulation / spreading method
Gaussian FSK / FHSS
Offset-QPSK / DSSS
DQPSK / DSSS (802.11b)64-QAM / OFDM (802.11g)
128-QAM / single carrier64-QAM / OFDM
Modulation / Signal spreading
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IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture
802.11 defines two BSS (Basic Service Set) options:
Infrastructure BSS Independent BSS(Ad-Hoc network)
AP
wired
LAN
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WiMAX fijo (PP) en
el 2005-2006,
WiMAX nmade
(portable) en 2006-
2007
WiMAX mvil(integrado en PDA,
Notebooks, etc.)
desde el ao 2008,
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Bandas licenciadas y libres
Cobertura desde metros hasta 30 Km
Velocidades de usuario desde cientos
de Kbps hasta decenas de Mbps
Despliegues con vision directa (LOS)
indirecta (NLOS) entre estaciones
base y CPEs
Aplicaciones fijas, portables y
mviles en interiores y exteriores
Serviciosclase IP
claseTDM
(ATM)
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3G 4G
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1G basic
mobile voice
2G capacity
and coverage
3G mobile
broadband
IP-based network
architecture with Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA) based air
interface technology
WiMAX (Worldwide
Interoperability for
Microwave Access) , LongTerm Evolution (LTE), Ultra
Mobile Broadband (UMB),
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mobile phones
Nokia, Motorola, LG, and Samsung
Functionalities:
keyboard, which is virtual and rendered on a touch screen.
User friendly graphical user interfaces. Internet services such as email, web browsing and local Wi-Fi connectivity.
Built-in camera with image/video capturing.
Media player with audio and video decoding capability.
Smart media management tools for songs, photo albums, videos, etc..
Phone call functionalities including text messaging, visual voicemail
sold 270 000iPhones in thefirst 30 hours
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lack Mobile TV support to receive live TV programmes. Multi-user networked 3D games support. Realistic 3D scene rendering. Stereo image and video capturing and rendering. High definition visuals.
Factors computational capability power constraints of the mobile devices available bandwidth and transmission efficiency of the wireless
network quality of service (QoS) support of the network protocols
universal access capability of the communication systeminfrastructure compression and error control efficiency of video and graphics
data.
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KeyTechnologies
3GPP LTE/LTE-Advanced
3GPP2 UMB
Mobile WiMAX based on IEEE 802.16m
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3GPP LTE
scalable bandwidth from 1.25 to 20MHz
FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division
Duplex)
downlink peak rate of 100Mbps and uplink with peak rate of
50Mbps in 20MHz channel
latency of less than 100 msec for control-plane, and less than 5
msec for user-plane
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LTE Evolved UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)
Downlink based on OFDMA
Uplink based on SC-FDMA
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system
MBMS (multimedia broadcast multicast services)
either in single cell or multi-cell mode
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Mobile WiMAX
scalable channel bandwidth from 1.25 to 20MHz
scalable OFDMA
peak downlink data rate of up to 63Mbps
peak uplink data rate of up to 28Mbps in the 10MHz channel
MIMO antenna techniques and flexible sub channelization schemes
end-of-end QoS is supported by mapping the service flows to the
DiffServ code points of MPLS flow labels.
optimized handover schemes are supported in Mobile WiMAX by
latencies of less than 50 milliseconds
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advanced features of
MOBILE WIMAXsmart antenna technologies including Beamforming,
Space-Time Code, and Spatial Multiplexing
spatial diversity and fade margin reduction by STC,
and SM
Flexible sub-channel reuse is supported by sub-
channel segmentation and permutation zone.
The Multicast and Broadcast Service (MBS) is
supported.
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Multiple-Input-Multiple-OutputMIMO) technology
multiantenna systemtechnology
phased array,
spatial division multiple
access (SDMA),
spatial processing,
digital beamforming,
adaptive antenna (AAS)
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Diversity Techniques
Frequency diversity
Time diversity
Space diversity Antenna Diversity
Polarization diversity Antenna
Diversity
Angle diversity Antenna Diversity
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Frequency diversity
carries the signals in different carrierfrequencies far apart with each other.
Frequency separation must be more than the
coherence bandwidth to achieve uncorrelated
signal fading.
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Time diversity
sends the data over the channel at
different times. Time separation is
directly proportional to the
reciprocal of the fading bandwidth,
which is proportional to the speedof the mobile station.
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Space diversity Antenna Diversity
uses multiple antennas in the
receiver, which have distance in
between to ensure independent
fading. The separation around
half-wavelength is ample toobtain uncorrelated signals.
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Polarization diversity
Antenna Diversity
utilizes the antennas either for ahorizontal polarized wave or a
vertical polarized wave. This can
be a special case of space diversity
and only two diversity branches
can be possible.
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Angle diversity Antenna Diversity
is achieved by directional antennas. The
received signal arrives at the antenna via
several paths, each with a different angle of
arrival. The signals that are received from
different directional antennas pointing at
different angles are uncorrelated.
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STATISTICAL PARAMETERS TO CHARACTERIZE A WIRELESS CHANNEL
Delay spread
Coherence bandwidth
Doppler spread
Coherence time
Flat and frequency selective fading
Slow and fast fading
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Reusable private addresses
IP Address Classification
there can be 4,294,967,296 IP addresses
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IPv6IP address field is increased from 32 to 128 bits in
length and incorporation of address hierarchy issupported,
Simplified header format is introduced,
Extension headers and options are supported,
Authentication and privacy is provided,
Auto-reconfiguration is provided,
Incremental upgrade is possible,
Low start-up costs is provided,
Quality of service capabilities is provided,
Mobility is supported.
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IP session
connection-oriented (TCP)
connectionless (UDP)
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IP Routing
ProtocolsInternal Gateway Protocols (IGP) such as Routing
Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path
First (OSPF) carry out routing within a networkmanaged by a single operator.
External Gateway Protocols such as Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) handle routing between autonomous
systems and are used, for example, to connect the
gateways belonging to different ISPs on the Internet.
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consider three interfaces
air
access network
core network
DiffServ: Differentiated ServicesIntServ: Integrated ServicesRSVP: Resource Reservation ProtocolMPLS: Multiprotocol Label SwitchingDPI: Deep Packet Inspection
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IP Security
CONFIDENTIALITY
AUTHENTICATION
INTEGRITY
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IP
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IP
Tunneling
PPP:Point-to-Point Protocol
AAA
Authentication,
Authorization andAccounting
RADIUS
protocol
DIAMETER
base protocol
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SIP Agent
User
Agent
(UA) is the
peer
entity
SIP Proxy
Proxy
serverforwards
requests
to the
correct
location
of the
UAs.
SIP Registrar
UAs
register
their
currentlocation
info to
Registrar
server.
Location
info may
include IPaddress,
cell ID
SIP Redirect
UA request
is
respondedwith
redirection
response for
UA to
initiate new
call to thelocation.
SIP Location
UAlocation
info is
stored
and
updated.
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P-CSCF:Proxy-Call Session Control Function
S CSCF:Serving-Call Session Control
I-CSCF:Interrogating-Call Session Control
AS:Application Server hosts services for
subscriber
HSS:Home Subscriber Server
BGCF:Breakout Gateway Control Function is
used to select the circuit-switched
network
MGCF:Media Gateway Control Function
controls Media Gateway (MGW External
signaling (SS7/ISUP) from circuit-
switched network is translated to SIP in
MGCF.
MRF:Multimedia Resource
Function
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is a flat, all-IP based core network with asimplified architecture and open interfaces MME Mobility Management Entity
SGW Serving Gateway
PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway
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eNBs, which is the base station of LTE EvolvedNodeB
UE: User Equipment
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BCCH:Broadcast Control Channel is to
transmit broadcasting system
control information.
PCCH:Paging Control Channel is to
transmit paging information
when UE is unlocated.
CCCH:common Control Channel is
used by UE when UE has no RRC
connection.
MCCH:Multicast Control Channel isused to transmit MBMS control
information, which is point-to-
multipoint (eNB to UEs) and only
UEs that receive MBMS use it.
DCCH:Dedicated Control Channel
is a point-to-point
bidirectional channel used
by UE for RRC connection.
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DTCH:Dedicated Traffic Channel is a
point-to-point bidirectional
channel dedicated to one UE
to transfer user information.
MTCH:Multicast Traffic Channel is a
point-to-multipoint channel
for transmitting traffic data
from the network to the UE
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LTE with WiMAX
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WiMAX + IMS/NGN Solution
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WiMAX + 2G Solution
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Huawei 16e Standalone Solution
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16e Integration into Existing 2G/3G Network
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