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GUESS….. 

can you SPOT

the difference

between twofigures?

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 Answer…. 

i) Normal blood cells

ii) Burst blood cell

How does this situation occur?

The movement of water in and out

of cells when placed in differenceconcentration of solution throughosmosis…. 

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3.2 Movement of SubstancesAcross the Plasma Membrane in

Everyday Life

The effects of hypotonic, hypertonicand isotonic solutions on animal and

plant cell

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Concentration ofsolution

Isotonic

solution

Hypotonic

solution

Hypertonic

solution

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The effects of hypotonic, hypertonicand isotonic solutions on animal and

plant cell

How the water, solutes and other substances

move in and out in of plasma membrane?

• The movement of water across the plasma

membrane determined by the concentration of

substances.

• The cytoplasm of animal cells contains water,

solutes and other substances• In plant cells, these substances store in central

large vacuole

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Animal and plant cells in isotonic solution

What is isotonic solution?

• Is a solution in which concentration of solute is

equal to the cytoplasmic fluid

• Water diffuse into and out of cell at equal rates

• No net movement of water  across plasma

membrane

• Cells retains its normal shape 

• Human cell isotonic to 0.9% saline solution (saltwater)

• Plant in isotonic solution retains it normal shape

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Continue…… 

Animal cells in isotonic solution

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Animal and plant cells in hypotonic solution

• What is hypotonic solution?

• Is the solution that the concentration of

solute outside a cell is lower than the

concentration of solute inside the cell

• When cell is placed in hypotonic solution,the water move from the outside into the

cell by osmosis

• Water enters the cell, causing it to swellup.

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Ex: red blood cell (RBC) in animal cells

When water enter the RBC, the cells willswell up and burst

This because plasma membrane is too

thin and delicate to withstand osmoticpressure that develop within cell

The bursting of RBC is known as

haemolysis

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Animal cells in hypotonic solution

Haemolysis ofRBC

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Ex: in plant cells

Plant cells do not burst because of theirrigid cell wall is strong to resist thepressure

Immersed in hypotonic solution, waterdiffuse into large central vacuole byosmosis

Vacuole expand and swell up

Vacuole gained water and plasmamembrane push against the rigid cell wall

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In this condition, the cell is said to beturgid

The swelling of plant cells create turgor

pressure within the cell

Turgor pressure is important in supporting

and maintaining the shape of cells

Turgidity responsible for causing the guardcells of leaf to swell, stomata open for

photosynthesis

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Plant cells in hypotonic solution

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Animal and plant cells in hypertonic solution

• What is hypertonic solution?

• Is the solution in which the concentration ofsolutesin the solution is higher than theconcentration of solutes inside cell

• Net movement of water  from inside to outside

cell by osmosis• Causes the cell to shrink and internal pressure

decrease

Ex: RBC immersed in hypertonic solution

Cell become shrink and plasma membranecrinckle up

RBC undergo crenation

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Crenation

in RBC

Animal cells in hypertonic solution

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Ex: plant cells immersed in hypertonic

solution

Water diffuse out of central vacuole by

osmosis

Vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and plasma

membrane pulls away from cell wall

Plant cell undergo plasmolysis

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Plasmolysis ofplant cell

Plant cells in hypertonic solution

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• Cell become flaccid, cellulose cell wall not shrink

because it strong• Flaccidity cause the plant leaves become limp

and stem to droop

• This situation is called wilting

• If plasmolysis is prolonged, cell become death• Plasmolysis plant cell become turgid if immersed

again in hypotonic solution

• Water  taken by osmosis and flaccid cell become

fully turgid again

• The cell is said to undergo deplasmolysis

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Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solution

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Conclusion…… 

Concentration ofsolutions

Hypotonicsolution

Isotonicsolution

Hypertonicsolution

Turgor pressurein plant cell

Haemolysis in RBC

Plasmolysis in plantcell

Crenation in RBC

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Exercises

1) What are isotonic, hypotonic and

hypertonic solution?

2) What will happen to red blood cell if it

placed in hypotonic and hypertonic

solution? Explain briefly

3) Explain the turgidity and flaccidity in plant

cell.