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Nutrition

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Nutrition • Nutrition

– Healthy body needs good nutrition– Manner in which foods are used

• Diet – Malnutrition– Obesity

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The Food Guide Pyramid

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• Carbohydrates

• Fats and lipids

• Proteins

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

Nutrients

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• Fruits, grains, and legumes

• Energy increase

• Cariogenic foods– Breakdown of sugars causes cavities– Nursing bottle syndrome (NBS)– Preventative Measures

• Fiber

Carbohydrates

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Fats and Lipids

• Both are insoluble in water

• Fats are derived from a solid

• Lipids are the oils from a liquid

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Proteins• Complete proteins

– Contain all ten essential amino acids• Animal proteins

– Eggs, milk, and meat

• Incomplete proteins– Contain less than ten amino acids

• Vegetables and grains

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Fat-Soluble Vitamins• Vitamin A

– Carotene versus Retinol

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin K

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Water-Soluble Vitamins• Vitamin C

– Prevents toothaches– Holds cells together – Found in citrus products

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Water-Soluble Vitamins

• Deficiency (Vitamin C)– Improper tooth development– Ulcerated gums – Slow healing process

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Water-Soluble Vitamins• Vitamin B Complex

– Thiamin (B1)– Riboflavin (B2)– Niacin (B3)

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Water-Soluble Vitamins

• Deficiency (Vitamin B)– Angular Cheilosis– Glossitis– Pellagra

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Minerals• Major minerals

– Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, and chlorine

• Trace minerals– Copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium,

manganese, iodine, iron, zinc, cobalt, and fluorine

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Water• Most abundant nutrient in the body

• Primary functions– Solvent for the biochemical reactions– Removes toxic waste from body

• Must be replenished daily– 8 glasses per day recommended– Coffee and alcohol are diuretics

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Balancing Energy

• Calories

• Metabolism– Metabolic rate is the relationship of calories

consumed to the calories energized – Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy

used when a person is at rest

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Nutrition Labels• Standardized format

• Ingredients

• Serving size

• Calories

• Nutrients

• Preservatives

• Organic

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Nutrition Labels

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Eating Disorders• Chronic dieting syndrome

• Bulimia

• Anorexia nervosa

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Chronic Dieting Syndrome• Characteristics

– Large fluctuations in weight– Compulsive overeating– Use of dieting pills

• Complications– Chemical imbalances– High anxiety levels

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Bulimia• Characteristics

– Secretive, obsessive – Binge eating, vomiting– Laxative abuse– Excessive exercise

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Bulimia

• Complications in oral cavity– Tooth enamel erosion– Sensitivity to hot and cold– Swollen and tender saliva glands

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Characteristics– Extreme aversion to food– Eating perceived as punishment– Food obsessions

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Anorexia Nervosa• Complications in oral cavity

– Tooth enamel erosion – Unhealthy gums– Week teeth– Rapid decay

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Diet, Culture, and Religion

• Variety of foods– Foods may be unfamiliar– Be informed when making suggestions

• Variety of backgrounds– Avoid stereotyping