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Producedby:FisheriesandAquacultureDepartment
Title:Planningandengineeringdata.2.FishCanning... Moredetails
5.PROCESSINGEQUIPMENT
5.1GeneralCanningEquipment5.2EquipmentforCanningTuna5.3EquipmentforCanningSardines5.4EquipmentforCanningFishPasteProducts
Someofthemostimportantequipmentusedforcanningandpretreatmentoffishisdescribedinthischapter.Theitemsselectedarechosen,moretogiveanimpressionoftheprocessingprinciples,ratherthantorecommendparticularequipment.
5.1GeneralCanningEquipment
5.1.1Retorts
Asbrieflydescribedpreviouslyretortsareusedtosterilizethecontentsofthecans.
Horizontalretorts,whicharecommunwithinthefishcanningindustry,havethefollowinggeneralfeatures:
Themajorcomponentsofsuchretortsaretheretortshell(body),cratesandvariouscontrollers.
Thecapacityoftheretortis.optionalanddependsontheoutputofthecannery,howeverasaguidearetortwhichholds1400cans(850ml)perbatchwouldsuitmostmediumsizedbatchoperations.Inthiscasetheretortwouldbeapproximately4000mmlongandhaveadiameterof1200mm.Thesizeofeachcratewouldbe800mmx700mmx700mm.
Approximatesteamconsumptionwouldbe400kgperbatchwhilewaterconsumptionduringcoolingwouldbeapproximately10000lperbatch.Consumptionofelectricitywouldbeapproximately5kWhperhourforcirculationpumpetc.
Stainlesssteellsmainlyusedintheconstructionofretorts.
Normallytheretortcanbeoperatedbyoneperson,whoinmanycasesisinchargeofabatchofretorts.
5.1.2Seamingmachines
Thereareseveralautomaticseamingmachinesspeciallydesignedforclosingfilledsquare,ovalandroundaluminiumortinplatecans.CharacteristicsofacommonmachineareshowninFigure22.
Automaticmachinesarefittedwithcanendandcanbodyfeedingdevicesandalsowithequipmentforautomaticcodemarkingofcanends.
Inadditiontheymayalsobelinkedwiththefollowingdevices:
Automaticfillingdevice
Thedeviceisdesignedforfillingofoil,tomatosauceandotherliquidsaucesintocans.Itispneumaticallyoperatedandfillspreciselymeasuredquantitiesintoeachcan.
Lidplungerandcontrolclosingdevice
Thedeviceismountedontheclosingmachineandisparticularlyusefulforoverpackedcans.Itpressestheliddownonthecan,andifthelidisnotlyingonthecan,theseamingoperationisautomaticallystopped.
Automaticseamingmachinescanoperateatspeedsof35004000cansperhour.Diatetersofcansthatmaybeseamedrangefromapproximately50to195mm.Theheightofthecansmayrangefrom15to120mm.Multiplecodemarkingsareavailable.
Approximatelengthoftheseamingmachinewillbe2000mmwhilewidthwillbe2000mm.
Figure22Automaticseamingmachine
Approximateconsumptionofelectricityis3035kWhper8hours.
Themachinecanbeoperatedbytwoworkers.
5.1.3Canwashinganddryingmachine
Canwashinganddryingmachinesareusedtocleancansaftersterilizationinordertoremoveresidualoilsthatmayhaveadheredtothecansurfacesduringfillingandretorting.
Thesemachinesarefrequentlyfittedwithavariablespeeddrivetoregulatethespeedoftheconveyorbelt.
Approximatedimensionsofthesemachinesare3600mm(length),1500mm(height)and1600mm(width).
Thedrivemotorswillconsumeapproximately6070kWhper8hourswhenfullyused.Ifsteambatteryisusedforheatingitwillconsumeapproximately200kgsteamperhour.Ifthemachineisheatedbyelectricityitwillconsumeapproximately100kWhper8hours.
Allpartsaremadefromstainlesssteel.
Themachineisautomatic,butmaybefedbyoneortwoworkers.SeeFigure23.
5.1.4Cartoningmachine
Cartoningmachinesareusedforpackingcansintoindividualcartons.Themaincharacteristicsofanairoperatedcartoningmachinesaregivenbelow.
Figure23Canwashinganddryingmachine
Theymaybeequippedwitharotatinginfeedtable.Thecartonsareseparatedandopenedbyuseofvacuumandthemachineisequippedwithapumpforthispurpose.Themachinehastwoelectricmotorseachof0.25hp.
ThecapacityofthemachineshowninFigure24isupto65cansperminute
Table14Dimensionsofcansthatmaybeoperatedbythecartoningmachine,showninFigure24
Length: 85180mm
Width: 50100mm
Height: 1240mm
Lengthofthemachineis2400mmandwidthis800mm
Themotorswillconsumeapproximately35kWhper8hours.Consumptionofcompressedairis160200litresperminute.
Themachinemaybefullyautomaticoritmaybefedbyoneortwoworkers.
Thereareonthemarketothertypesofcartoningmachineswithcapacity120ormorecansperminute.
5.2EquipmentforCanningTuna
5.2.1Racks
Racksareusedintheprecookingprocess.Basketswithtunaareplacedontheracksbeforetheyareloadedintothecooker.
Themaincharacteristicsofracksusedfortunaaregiveninthefollowing:
Theracksareequippedwithtwofixedandtwoswivelwheels.Theholdingcapacityofeachrackisdeterminedbytherequirementsofproduction.
CARTONINGMACHINE:A:FeedingconveyorforproductB:CardboardboxesstackandextractionC:InfeedattachmentforproductD:ClosingstationforboxesE:Dischargeoffinishedcardboardboxes
Figure24Automaticcartoningmachine
Approximatedimensionsofarackare760mm,width838mmandheight1400mmwheel.ThematerialusedinconstructioniseithergalvanizedorblackironTwoworkersareusedtofillthebasketsandloadthecooker.
5.2.2Basketsforcookingtuna
Basketsfilledwithtunaareplacedinracksandloadedintothecooker.
Themaincharacteristicsofbasketsoftenusedforprecookingtunaaregivenbelow:
Theholdingcapacityofeachbasketisapproximately1516kgfish.Dimensionsofthebasketsusedfortheracksdescribedaboveare810mmx380mmx100mmandthenetweightofeachbasketis4kg.Galvanizedwireisoftenused.toconstructthesebaskets.Twoworkmencanfillthebasketsandloadthecooker.
5.2.3Highspeedtunafiller
Ahighspeedtunafillerisafullyautomaticmachinedesignedtocutandfillprecookedtunameatintoroundand/orovalcans.
Themaincomponentsarethefeedingunit,thecuttingunitandthefillingunit.
Themachinefillstunatabletsrangingfrom100gto1kg.MassspeedsareshowninTable15.
Lengthofthemachineis3600mm,widthis1700mmandheightis1250mm.
Table15Summaryofoperatingparametersforautomaticfillingofroundandovaltunacans
Candescription Candimensions Fishtabletdiameter Fillingspeed
Diameter(mm)
Height(mm)
Minimum(mm)
Maximum(mm) (c.p.m.)
Standardround 60to90 24to45 54 82 upto150
Largeround 80to110 48to106 75 93 upto70
Oval 65x105 20to40 56 92 upto100
Allcontactpartsaremadefromstainlesssteel.
Onlyonepersonisrequiredtofeedtunaloinsintothemachine.
5.2.4Exhaustbox
Exhaustboxesareusedforheatingcanstoensurethatwhensealedandcooledavacuumisproducedinthecontainer.
Themaincharacteristicsforatypicalexhaustboxesusedfortunaaregiveninthefollowing:
Theyareequippedwithcanfeedinganddischargebeltsandelectricmotor.
Thecapacityoftheexhaustboxshouldbeapproximately10tonsper8hourswithanexhaustingtimevaryingbetween110minutesinsteamopentotheatmosphere.Lengthoftheboxis3600mmandwidthis600mm.Themotorwillconsumeapproximately25kWhper8hours.Consumptionofsteamis7080kgperhour.Materialusedinconstructionismainlystainlesssteel.Themachinecanbeoperatedbyoneormoreworker,dependingonthedegreeofautomationusedattheinfeedandexiststations.
5.3EquipmentforCanningSardines
5.3.1Gradingmachines
Themachineisdesignedtoautomaticallygradesardinesintovarioussizes.
Themaincharacteristicsofatypicalgradingmachineforsardinesaregivenbelow:
ThemachineshownnFigure25ispoweredbya1.0hpmotor.Ifgreatersegregationisdemandedthanisachievableinasinglegradingoperation,themachinecanbeequippedwithadoublesetofgradingrollers,thesecondmountedunderneaththefirst.Inthismanneradoublegradingofthefishwillbeachieved.Thecapacityofthemachineis15002000kgperhour,whengradingsardinesofasizerangingfrom20to100fishesperkg.Theapproximatedimensionsofthemachinearelength2700mm,width1100mm,andheight700mm.
Figure25Gradingmachineforsardines
Themotorwillrequireapproximately56kWhper8hours.Aluminiumalloyismainlyusedintheconstructionofthemachine.
5.3.2Briningunit
Themaincharacteristicsofanautomaticbriningunit.usedforsardinesaredescribedbelowandshowninFigure26.
Themaincomponentsareadrummadeofperforatedplate,whichisconnectedtoavariablespeeddriveanda1.0hpmotor.Thecapacityofabriningunitvariesfrom1000to5000kgperhouranthespeedofthedrivecontrolsthebriningtimefrombetween1and15minutes.Theapproximatedimensionsarelength4000mm,width1550mmandheight1700mm.Themotorwillrequireapproximately56kWhper8hours.Themachineismanufacturedfromstainlesssteel.
5.3.3Nobbingmachine
AnobbingmachineasdescribedpreviouslyandillustratedinFigure27isusedforheadcutting,nobbing(whichmeanspullingthevisceraoutofthebelly),cleaningandtailcuttingand/orfixedbodycutting.
Thecharacteristicsofanobbingmachineusedforsardinesandherringaregivenbelow.
Themaincomponentsofthemachinearethefeedingunit,fishmagazine,headcuttingunit,nobbingunit,cleaningunitandcuttingunitforthetails.Thecapacityofthemachinedescribedis400550fishesperminutedependingonfishlength,whichmayvaryfrom110to260mm.Approximatedimensionsarelength2700mm,width2200mmandheight1600mm.Powerconsumptionisapproximately20kWhper8hoursandwaterconsumptionisapproximately12litresperminute.
Figure26Briningunit
Figure27Cuttingandnobbingmachine
MaterialsusedinconstructionarestainlesssteelandaluminiumalloyThemachineshownmaybeoperatedbyonesupervisor.
5.3.4Continuousflashcooker
Theflashcookerisusedforprecookinganddryingofsardinesbeforeexhaustingandclosingthecans.
ThemaincomponentsofthecookershowninFigure28aretheautomaticchargeanddischargesection,thesteamchamber,thedrainingsectionandthedryingsection.Twochainscarryapproximately800cratesinwhichthecansareplaced.
Chainspeedandtherebycookingtimeisvariable.Differenttypesofcanscanbecookedwithoutadjustmentstothecooker.Upto12500clubcansperhourcanbeprocessed.
Approximatedimensionsarelength15500mm,width1600mmandheight3900mm.
Thecookerwillrequireapproximately5060kWhper8hoursifitisusedfullywhiledependingonloadsteamconsumptionisapproximately500kgperhour.
Thecookerismainlyconstructedfromstainlesssteel.
Beingfullyautomaticoneoperatorisrequiredtosupervisethemachine.
5.3.5Smokingkiln
Thesmokingkilnisalsousedfordrying,precookingandsmokingsardines.Themaincomponentsofakilnarethedryingunit,thesmokingchamber,thefans,theheatexchangerandtwomotors,a4hpmotorforthefansanda1.5hpmotorforthechains.
ThecapacityoftheautomatickilnshowninFigure29is60008000kgper8hours.
Approximatedimensionsarelength11650mm,width2200mmandheight2170mm.
Thekilnrequiresapproximately3040kWhper8hoursandconsumptionofoilisapproximately5litresperhour.
Materialusedinconstructionismainlyblackiron.Beingfullyautomaticthekilnisoperatedbyoneworker.
5.4EquipmentforCanningFishPasteProducts5.4.1Meatseparator
Fishmeatseparatorsareusedtorecovermeatfromsplitandwashedfish.
Themaincomponentsofaseparatorarenormallyarotatingperforateddrum/cylinder,mountedhorizontally,andarubberbelt.Theperforateddrumandtherubberbeltrotatesinthesamedirection,andthefishissqueezedinbetweentherubberbeltandthedrum.Theseparatorisequippedwitha5hpmotor.
Thecapacityis10tonswashedandsplitfishper8hours,withanapproximateyieldof7tonsmincedfishand3tonsoffal.
Approximatedimensionsofatypicalseparatorare1060mmx1127mmx1050mm.
Thediameteroftheholesindrumare21/23mm.
Themotorwillrequireapproximately30kWhper8hours.
Allcontactpartsaremadefromstainlesssteel.
Themachineisoperatedbyoneworker.
Figure28Flashcooker
Figure29Smokingkiln
5.4.2Bowlchopper/mincer
Theingredients(fish,salt,milkstarch,etc.)mustbemixedandfinelyminced.Themincerbowlrotates,andtheingredientshavetopassunderverticalhighspeedcuttingknives.
Themaincomponentsofthemachinearethebowl,theminceranda50100hpmotor.
Mincer/cuttercapacitiesvaryfromapproximately25litrestoseveralhundredlitres.Thebowlcapacityisapproximately325litres.
Approximatedimensionsofthechopper/mincerare(2200mmx1800mmx1350mm)
Themotorwillconsumefromapproximately300to600kWhper8hours.
Allcontactpartsaremadefromstainlesssteel.
Themachineisoperatedbyoneworker.
5.4.3Pumpsformincedmaterials
Themixtureoffishandingredientsisemptiedfromthebowlmincerintoacontainerwithabuiltinscrewandpumpatitsbase.Fromthiscontainerthemasscanbepumped,eithertotheballformer,orthefishcakeformer.Thefishballsandcakesareextendedthroughstainlesssteelpipes.
Themaincomponentsarethecontainer,thepumpwitha2hpmotorandthepipes.
Approximatecapacityis4050litresperminute,withvariablespeed.
Thedimensionsare1550mmx1100mm.
Themotorwillrequireapproximately12kWhper8hours.
Allcontactpartsaremadefromstainlesssteel.
Oneoperatorisrequired.
5.4.4Cookingequipmentforfishballs
Thecookerforfishballsmayvaryinsizehoweveranexampleofacookerwitha2000kg/hcapacityisgivenbelow.
Themaincomponentsofthemachinearenormallyaballformerandcookingchamber.Approximatedimensionsarelength6000mm,width1250mmandheight400mm.Forthesizequotedsteamconsumptionisapproximately500700litresperhour.Thecookerismadefromstainlesssteelanditisusuallyoperatedautomatically.
5.4.5Fryerforfishcakes
Asthecakeshavetobefriedonbothsides,theyhaveeithertobeturnedmanuallyotherwisethemachinecandothis
automatically.
AdescriptionofanelectricalfryerforfishcakesisgivenbelowandshowninFigure30.
Themaincomponentsofthemachinearenormallythecakeformer,abeltandaheatingelement.Capacityis650kgfriedcakesperhour(13000cakesx50gpercake).Approximatedimensionsarelength6000mm,width1500mmandheight1500mm.Thefryerdescribedrequires900to1000kWhper8hourswhenitisusedtofullcapacity.Themachinemaybeoperatedbyoneworker.
Figure30Fryingmachinewithfishcakeformer