5 pts

1. What is the micromolcule of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide

2. Name the 2 macromolecules of nucleic acids.

RNA, DNA

3. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

4. Name the sugar found in RNA.

Ribose

5. Name the sugar found in DNA.

Deoxyribose

6. What is the structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Deoxyribose is missing an O on the 2’ carbon

7. Name the nitrogenous bases found in DNA.

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

8. Name the nitrogenous bases found in RNA.

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

9. Name the purines.

Guanine, Adenine

10. What are Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil called?

Pyrimidines

11. Name the most important nucleotide.

ATP -adenosine triphosphate

12. Name the parts of ATP.

Adenine base, ribose sugar, three phosphate base

13. What is ATP used for?

To supply energy for your body’s chemical reactions

14. Name the three states of ATP.

ATP, ADP, AMP

15. How does ATP supply energy for your body?

Phosphate group is removed (high energy bond is broken)

10 pts

16. Where can ADP and AMP

be recharged?

Mitochondria

17. How does the mitochondria recharge ADP and AMP?

It adds on phosphate groups

18. How many phosphate groups are on ADP? How many on AMP?

2 , 1

19. Name two other nucleotides.

NAD & FAD

20. What are these two other nucleotides?

Coenzymes

21. What does RNA stand for?

Ribonucleic acid

22. What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

23. What are RNA and DNA composed of?

Long chains of nucleotides-millions!

24. Name the reaction which combines nucleotides together.

Condensation

25. What is the name of the structure which DNA assumes?

Double Helix

26. What holds the two strands of nucleotides together in DNA?

Hydrogen bonding

27. Where does hydrogen bonding take place in DNA?

Between nitrogenous bases

28. Name the nitrogenous base pairing in DNA and how many hydrogen bonds you would find between each.

Adenine & Thymine = 2 bonds

Guanine & Cytosine = 3 bonds

29. What nitrogenous base is used in RNA in place of Thymine found in DNA?

Uracil

30. What is the structural difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Purines are a 2 ring structure, pyrimidines are a 1 ring structure

15 pts

31. Who discovered the shape of DNA?

Watson & Crick

32. In a DNA double helix, what are the side-rails of the ladder composed of?

Alternating phosphate groups and sugars

33. What are the rungs of the DNA ladder composed of?

Nitrogenous bases

34. How does DNA ultimately determine how an organism will look?

By the proteins it builds

The End