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5 Years of the BEATS Study:
Past, Present and Future
Associate Professor Sandy Mandic
BEATS Study, Principal Investigator
Active Living Laboratory
University of Otago
Email: [email protected]
BEATS Study Symposium | 16 November 2018
www.otago.ac.nz/active-living
Teamwork | Curiosity | Creativity | Excellence
Areas of research
• Physical Activity
• Public Health
• Transport
• Built Environment
• Sustainability
BEATS Research Team 2017-2018 Collaborators
A/Prof Sandra
Mandic
(Otago)
Dr Christina
Ergler
(Otago)
Dr Debbie
Hopkins
(Oxford)
A/Prof Antoni
Moore
(Otago)
Dr Susan
Sandretto
(Otago)
A/Prof Melody
Oliver
(Auckland)
Prof John
Spence
(Alberta)
Dr Enrique
García
(Limerick)
A/Prof Palma
Chillón
(Granada)
Dr Kirsten
Coppell
(Otago)
Dr Anna
Rolleston
(Auckland)
Mrs
Charlotte
Flaherty
Mr Gordon
Wilson
(DSSP)
Advisory Board
A/Prof Janet
Stephenson
(Otago)
A/Prof
Michael Keall
(Otago)
…
Mr Nick
Sargent
(DCC)
Mr Graeme
Rice
(NZTA)
Mr Gavin
Kidd
(DSSP)
Mr Frank
Edwards
(Māori)
Mrs Finau
Taungapeau
(Pacific)
Ministry of Transport. (2015). 25 years of New Zealand travel: New Zealand household
travel 1989–2014. Wellington: Ministry of Transport.
1989/1990 2010-2014
2.5 million
vehicles
3.4 million
vehicles
72% car travel 78% car travel
755 deaths 294 deaths
Travel to school:
21% driven
Travel to school:
32% driven
1h/day travel
(28 min driving)
(10 min walking)
1h/day travel
(32 min driving)
(8 min walking)
Transport to School in NZ: 1989-2014
Ministry of Transport. (2015). 25 years of New Zealand travel: New Zealand household
travel 1989–2014. Wellington: Ministry of Transport. (page 30)
1989/1990
2010-2014
Travel to school:
21% driven
26% walking
19% cycling
Travel to school:
32% driven
27% walking
3% cycling
Physical Activity in Children and
Adolescents
National Survey of Children and Young People Physical Activity
and Dietary Behaviour in NZ. 2007/08
Age (years)
Meeting P
A g
uid
elin
es
(%)
37%26%
24%13%
Olds T et al. J Phys Act Health. 2011;8:58-557
Active
transport
Organized
sport
Chores /
MiscellaneousUnstructured
play
Moderate-to-vigorous PA in
10- to 13-year old children
Travel
behaviour
Preferences
Constraints
Cost
Personal factors
Environmental
factors
Family factors
Destination
characteristics
Enjoyment
Health
Environment
Discomfort
Safe routes
Factors related to
transport in generalFactors specific to
active transport
Adapted from Mandic S et al. Journal of Transport and Health. 2017; 4:294-304
Built Environment and Transport
Behaviour
www.designedtomove.org
Built Environment and Transportation
• Walkable community design
– Density
– Connected streets
– Mixed land uses
– Access to transit
• Pedestrian & bicycle facilities
– Access; Connectivity
– Design; Quality; Safety
• Perceived environment:
accessibility and convenience
Sallis SF et al. Circulation. 2012;125:729-737
Different urban layouts and social norms
(e.g. private vehicle ownership) compared to NZ
Kerr (2006)
McDonald (2008)
Babey (2009)
Larsen (2009)
Pabayo (2011)Cooper (2006)
Bringolf-Isler (2008)
Nelson (2008)
Chillon-Garzon (2009)
Panter (2010)
Van Dyck (2010)
Timperio (2006)
Leslie (2010)
Duncan (2008)
Utter (2011)
BEANZ
• Investigates:
– transport to school habits,
– the neighbourhood environment and
– physical activity habits
in Otago adolescents. www.otago.ac.nz/beats
Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196
BEATS Research Programme at Otago
BEATS Research Programme Framework:Ecological Model for Active Transport
Individual
Social/Cultural
Environment
Built
Environment
Policy
Environment
Sociodemographics
Behaviour
Motivations/barriers
Social support
Social norms
Walkable community
design
Pedestrian & bicycle
facilities
School policy for ATS
School’s road safety
procedures
Adapted from Sallis JF et al.
Circulation. 2012;125:729-737
Mandic S et al. BMJ Open.
2016; 6:e011196
Research Methodology
Survey Maps; GIS Analysis Physical
Activity
Focus groups
Adolescents & Parents
Adolescents
Anthropometry
School bag weight
Adolescents, Parents, Teachers
Interviews
School
Principals
Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196
BEATS Research Programme Framework:
Ecological Model for Active Transport
Adapted from
Sallis JF et al.
Circulation.
2012;125:729-
737
Individual
Social/Cultural
Environment
Built Environment
Policy Environment
Mandic S et al.
BMJ Open.
2016;
6:e011196
Exercise
ScienceHealth Built
EnvironmentEducationTransportation
Multidisciplinary
research
Service to government
Service to community
Service to schools
Consultation
Access to schools
Support
Funding (partial)
School
recruitment
Schools
Students
Parents
Teachers
Lab space
Assistance
Funding
Facilities
Feedback
Dunedin Secondary
Schools’ Partnership
University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand)
Dunedin Secondary Schools’ Partnership
Dunedin City Council
University of Alberta (Canada)
McGill University (Canada)
Transport safety
Cycle skills training
School choice
report
Rewards
Individual school
reports
Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.
Mandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196
BEATS Study(2014-2017)
2013 2014
Grant writing
Establishing collaborations
School recruitment
Expanding collaborations
Vision; design
Developing study materials and planning
2015 2017
Pilot
studyBEATS Student Survey
Focus Groups & Interviews
GIS Analysis
Reports and publicationsMandic S et al. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011196
Mandic S et al. Retos, 2015:28;197-202.
2016
Refining
BEATS Parental Survey
n=1,780
18 FG + 12 Interviews
n=365
BEATS Study: Dunedin (2013-2017)
* * * * * ** * * * ** * * *
BEATS Research Programme (2014-2018)
Dunedin City (2014-2017)
12 Secondary schools
(100% school recruitment rate) 11 Secondary schools
(73% school recruitment rate)
Dunedin
Otago Region(2018-2019)
BEATS Study BEATS Rural Study
BEATS Research Programme (2013-2022)
URBAN RURAL
BEATS Study
(2014-2017)
(Dunedin)
BEATS Rural
Study
(2018-2019)
(Rural Otago)
BEATS Natural
Experiment
(2019-2022)
(Dunedin)
11 Schools
1014 Adolescents
75+ Parents
2 Principals
12 Schools
1780 Adolescents
355 Parents
14 Teachers
12 Principals
Urban versus rural
BEATS Cultural
Study (2018-2019)
Exercise
SciencePublic
HealthTransport
Built
EnvironmentEducation
Partnerships: City Council CommunityAcademia Schools
Disciplines &
impact areas:
Significance
Understanding influences
of multiple factors will
enable the scientific
community, policy
makers, regional
planners, and health
promoters to address
barriers to ATS
Generating important
information for key
stakeholders for planning
future school-,
neighbourhood- and
city/town-wide built
environment changes to
encourage ATS
If effective, population level
initiatives aimed to ↑ physical
activity across all groups such
as pedestrian and/or cycling
infrastructure construction/
improvements will contribute
to improving health and
wellbeing of communities
Involvement of the key
stakeholders will facilitate
the generation of usable
data, relevant to the local
context and generalisable
to other areas, and the
incorporation of new
knowledge into policy and
future initiatives
Spin Off
Projects
Evaluations of
Cycle Skills
Training
(2015-2017)
Cycle Skills
Training Content
and Delivery
(2018-2019)
BEATS Study
Symposia
2014 | 2016 | 2018
2nd 2019
1st 2017
(2019)
Exercise
science
Expert
ise
Geographic
information
science
(GIS)
Children
and health
geographies
Behavioural
medicine;
Research methods
Māori
health
Geographies
of transport
and
mobilities
Education
Public health;
Community
interventions
Sandy
Mandic
Antoni
Moore
Christina
Ergler
Enrique
García John
Spence
Anna
Rolleston
Debbie
Hopkins
Susan
Sandretto
Kirsten
Coppell
Michael
Keall
Biostatistics
Physical activity
and health
BEATS Team 2018: Multidisciplinary Expertise
Advisory Board
Members:
Gavin Kidd,
Gordon Wilson
(Dunedin
Secondary Schools’
Partnership)
Nick Sargent
(Dunedin City
Council)
Greame Rice
(NZ Transport
Agency)
Janet Stephenson
(Centre for
Sustainability)
Frank Edwards
(Māori) and Finau
Taungapeau
(Pacific) community
representatives
Physical
activity
and health
promotion
Exercise science
Overseeing project implementation
Leading research team
Role
s a
nd
responsib
ilities
Expert
ise
Leading preparation of
research outputs
Geographic
information
science (GIS)
GIS analysis
and mapping
Coordinating survey data collection
Leading accelerometer data
analysis and environmental audits
Children
and health
geographies
Focus groups
design, facilitation
and analysis
Contributing to
GIS mappingPhysical activity
and health
promotion
Advising on mixed methods
research design and data analysis
Advising on community-based
participatory research processes
Behavioural
medicine;
Research methods
Advising on research
methodology and application
of the ecological model
Contributing to quantitative
data analysis
Contributing to quantitative
data analysis
Māori
health
Incorporating the values of
Vision Mātauranga
Liaising with relevant Māori
stakeholders
Analysis and dissemination
of Māori-related findings
Geographies
of transport
and
mobilities
Designing transport-
related survey questions
Contributing to qualitative
research design and
analysis
Education
Advising on recruitment
Contributing to
qualitative research
design and analysis
Public health;
Community
interventions
Sandy
Mandic
Antoni
Moore
Christina
Ergler
Enrique
García John
Spence
Anna
Rolleston
Debbie
Hopkins
Susan
Sandretto
Kirsten
Coppell
Michael
Keall
Designing the dietary
patterns survey questions
Analysing data related to
food outlets
access/availability
Biostatistics
Advising on aspects of
research design
Performing statistical
analyses
Physical activity
and health
BEATS Research Programme:
Developing Research Capacity
PhD Students, recent PhD graduates and
post-doctoral fellows Master’s students
Honours students Summer research students
Dr Jillian
Frater
(Canterbury)
Chiew
Ching Kek
Dr Judith
Rodda
(Otago)
Dr Debbie
Hopkins
(Otago/Oxford)
Tessa
Pocock
Dr Christina
Ergler
(Otago)Logan Copland
Olivia Eyles
Isobelle Lane
Tessa Pocock
Chiew Ching Kek
Siobhan McArthur
Dana Lawrie
Alex Mintoft-Jones
Ashley Mounfort
Long Chen
(PhD
student)
Leiana Sloane
Lauren Keaney
Jessica
Calverley
Brittany
White
Chris
Tait
Internship students
Roman Keller (ETH Zurich)
Michael Jensen (Uni. of Alberta)
Tessa Porskamp (Maastricht Uni.)
20+ Volunteers
15+ Research assistants
Research Assistants and a Volunteer 2018
Kimberley
King
Angela
Findlay
Charlotte
Flaherty
Ann-Maree
FoxAprille
Mincher
Fanny
Monnett
BEATS Research Programme (2014-2018)
Dunedin City (2014-2017)
12 Secondary schools
(100% school recruitment rate) 11 Secondary schools
(73% school recruitment rate)
Dunedin
Otago Region(2018-2019)
BEATS Study BEATS Rural Study
Otago Secondary Schools Supporting BEATS (23 out of 27 schools; 85%)
Dunedin (2014/15)
(12 out of 12 school)
Rural Otago (2018)
(11 out of 15 school)
Total sample (n=2,656)
http://www.lphs.school.nz/http://www.columbacollege.school.nz/index.htmhttp://www.obhs.school.nz/index.phphttp://www.tokohigh.school.nz/
Comprehensive Dissemination of
Research Findings
Last updated: November 2018
Journal
articlesConference
abstractsTechnical
ReportsSymposiaPresentations
BEATS Research Programme Outputs to Date
24 Published
(3 progress
reports)
2 Keynotes
1 Invited
21 Academic
19 Non-academic
3 Local(2014/2016/2018)
2 International
(2017/2019)
14 Published
2 in review
10 in preparation
1 Book chapter
18 International
15 National
31 Local
Weight Status of Dunedin Adolescents
Underweight3.2%
Healthy weight69.6%
Overweight20.5%
Obese6.8%
Source: BEATS Student Survey 2014/2015
n=1,300 (measured heights and weights)Mandic et al. Am J Health Behav.
2017;41(3):266-275
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://trainingonempty.blogspot.com/2012_12_01_archive.html&ei=CGF_VKzEB-LamAXGk4KgBA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNFT54CitkoE-8W5iSqKwgwMYZ_-mg&ust=1417720354984308
Health Behaviours in Dunedin Adolescents
Guidelines: ≥60 min per day
Average: 4.2 ± 2.1 days/week
17.9% meeting guidelines
Guidelines: ≤2 hrs per day
Average: 5.4 ± 2.9 hours/day
14.2% meeting guidelines
Guidelines: More than
once a day for both fruit
and vegetables
29.8% met guidelines
Physical Activity
Screen Time
Fruit and Vegetable
Intake
Source: BEATS Student Survey 2014/2015
n=1,300 (self-reported data)
Less than 1/3 of adolescents met individual guidelines
Mandic et al. Am J Health Behav.
2017;41(3):266-275
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sophyta.blogspot.com/2014_01_01_archive.html&ei=ZVB_VNG3FNPW8gXFuoKAAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHlVfLySpdN7CMKxm-PvTAii0vMvw&ust=1417716163529534http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sites.psu.edu/drobitsleap/2014/07/&ei=yFB_VKGZN8HU8gWKloDYAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHKgdzM3W89OfEtmKoAedTsck90Kw&ust=1417716264758424http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.autoorb.com/fruit-vegetable-clipart/mothergoose.com*Clipart*fruitsVeggies*onion.jpg/&ei=Ll5_VMvTCYSa8QWsw4GQCg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNETtt6olABVxC46fYRi-eJt_nBAAw&ust=1417719632775412http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.foodclipart.com/food_clipart_images/fresh_tomato_0515-1006-2505-3702.html&ei=-V5_VMGYLIf88AX6kYHACQ&psig=AFQjCNERaBqQHcbs34k5cPZMiWZPi7mvTg&ust=1417719898347477http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://bookloverslane.com/tag/harlequin/&ei=7GF_VOGEGqSxmwWNgoGQAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHRpCv39y0il5XVbWUXiQ3Fl87YWA&ust=1417720557196052
Mandic et al.
Am J Health Behav.
2017;41(3):266-275
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
and Transport to School
17.9%
58.9%
23.2%
Active
Transport
Motorised +
Active
Transport
Motorised
Transport
47.9%
33.5%
46.4%
MVPA / weekday
61.2 ± 23.2MVPA / weekday
59.6 ± 21.7
MVPA / weekday
52.5 ± 19.6
No difference
in average MVPA
on weekend days
BEATS Student Survey (n=314)
n=73 n=56
n=185
Chiew Ching
Kek
Kek CC et al. (in review)
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://cesnightmare.com/category/writer/&ei=GFB_VKfsHs_M8gWC_oCQCw&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNFD0vjDy-kvVBVDylfqPzZTzMy1DA&ust=1417716053819527
Adolescents’ Perspective
Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation
and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.
BEATS Student Survey (n=764)
(adolescents living ≤4 km from school)
Perceptions of Cycling to School(From Student and Parental Focus Groups)
• Perceived safety:
– A complex range of factors including:
• Features and perceptions of the
built environment
• Traffic safety (including behaviours
of other road users)
• Previous cycling experiences
(including accidents)
• Adolescents’ cycling skills and
on-road experiences
• Implicit messages
• Social normsHopkins D and Mandic S. International Journal of
Sustainable Transportation 2017;11(5):342-356
Dr Debbie
Hopkins
(Oxford)
The Tale of Two New Zealand Cities
Dunedin(n=430)
38.4%
47.2%
1.9%
Christchurch (n=373)
16.9%
50.9%
17.7%
Living ≤4 km
from school
Age (years)15.0 ± 1.6
44.9% boys
55.1% girls
Age (years)14.3 ± 1.6
62.7% boys
37.3% girls
Frater et al. Transp Res F: Traff Psych Behav. 2017;49:205-214
Dominant
influenceAttitude Subjective
norm
Future interventions should consider interpersonal factors,
the social needs of adolescents and adolescents’ cycle skills
Dr Jillian
Frater
(Canterbury)
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://sophyta.blogspot.com/2014_01_01_archive.html&ei=ZVB_VNG3FNPW8gXFuoKAAg&bvm=bv.80642063,d.dGc&psig=AFQjCNHlVfLySpdN7CMKxm-PvTAii0vMvw&ust=1417716163529534http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://imgarcade.com/1/walking-to-school-clipart/&ei=dnV_VK6xG4Tz8gWR1YL4Dw&psig=AFQjCNHl7p-0oReDBz_UA-yxwqMjd0uhFw&ust=1417725665243421
Enablers of Cycling to School:
Adolescents’ Perspective
Cycle-friendly
uniform
41.4% 40.1%
Safer bike storage
at schoolSlower traffic
36.4%
Bus bike racks
free of charge
26.2% 32.7%
Bike ownership Cycling without
a helmet
22.1%
n=764(non-boarders;
within ≤4km)
Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation
and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIvF2aKdlckCFSZepgodh1IO9Q&url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/33868/policing-technology-laser-speed-camera-2009&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNGMYqAlypAe4uHNhfkJP49ynxkT2A&ust=1447773086122627http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCO66xdedlckCFeclpgodDE8JaQ&url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/167066/bike-racks-buses-opt-out-option-cyclists&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHmlcgtZoEKHKzO-qvG8-hzFwAwOQ&ust=1447773209324789
Cycle Skills Training:
Perceptions and Evaluation
Mandic S et al. Transport Res F Psychol Behav. 2016;42:217-226
39% of adolescentsCycle skills training
could make adolescents
safer in traffic
Mrs Charlotte
Flaherty
(DCC)
73% of parents
Interventions should capitalize on this interest
Mandic S et al. J Transp Health. 2017;6:411-419
Evaluation of Cycle Skills Training Programme in Dunedin
(2015-2017)
https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/action-urged-get-more-cycling-school
Mandic et al. J Trans Health. 2018;8:271-282
Mandic et al. J Trans Health. 2018;9:253-263
https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/action-urged-get-more-cycling-school
Enablers of Cycling to School:
Adolescents’ Perspective
Cycle-friendly
uniform
41.4% 40.1%
Safer bike storage
at schoolSlower traffic
36.4%
Bus bike racks
free of charge
26.2% 32.7%
Bike ownership Cycling without
a helmet
22.1%
n=764(non-boarders;
within ≤4km)
Mandic S et al. Journal of Transportation
and Health. 2017: 4:294-304.
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIvF2aKdlckCFSZepgodh1IO9Q&url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/33868/policing-technology-laser-speed-camera-2009&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNGMYqAlypAe4uHNhfkJP49ynxkT2A&ust=1447773086122627http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCO66xdedlckCFeclpgodDE8JaQ&url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/167066/bike-racks-buses-opt-out-option-cyclists&bvm=bv.107467506,d.dGY&psig=AFQjCNHmlcgtZoEKHKzO-qvG8-hzFwAwOQ&ust=1447773209324789
Cycle Helmet Legislation as a Barrier to
Cycling to School
774 Adolescents living ≥4 km from
school (BEATS Study; Dunedin) Molina-García et al. (2018) J Transp Health. 11, 64-72
Adolescents would cycle to school
more if helmet use was not mandatory
Recommendations:
Design educational
interventions to
influence adolescents’
attitudes towards the
helmet use.
• Could be offered
as a part of cycle
skills training
22%
Significant factors:
• Distance to school
• Māori and other ethnicities (vs. NZ European)
• Cycling to school is ‘not cool’
• Cycling often with friends
• Boring route to school
• Cycling as a great way to exercise (+)
https://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjZhczWh5zeAhVCM-wKHbazCo4QjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/8019_fitting-a-helmet.pdf&psig=AOvVaw04oZTnNFQK9GfbsS0fZe7F&ust=1540366695463433
Active transport users were
less likely to report heavy
school bags
School Bag Weight as a Barrier
682 Adolescents and 331 parents
BEATS Study (Dunedin) Mandic S et al. (2018) Children. 5:129
Adolescents:School bag perceived
as a barrier to active
transport to school
68% of parents
58% for walking
66% for cycling
Full bag weight:
5.6 kg (± 2.1 kg)
9.3% (± 3.9%)
of adolescents’
body weight
37.9%
Above
10%
of body
weightActual school bag weights
did not differ by mode of
transport to school.
School Choice
and Transport to School
Mandic et al. (in review)
Mr Gordon
Wilson
(DSSP)
Dr Susan
Sandretto
Comments from
students and
parents
Social
connections
Programmes
and
facilities
Co-ed
status
Positive feedback
about school:
51.9% Students
51.3% Parents
Reasons
for school
choice
50.7% Friends
enrolled
35.1% Sibling(s)
went or enrolled
27.0% Parents
attended
68.6% Preferred co-ed
25.3% Preferred
single-sex school
52.3% Facilities
46.3% Sports
programmes
33.0% Cultural
programmes
n=1,465
(boarders
excluded)
Other
7.3% Other
reasons
Proximity
36.5% Closest
school to home
Adolescents’
perspective Negative feedbackfrom people at closest
school:
8.0% Students
8.4% Parents
Mandic S et al. Journal of School
Choice. 2018;12(1):98-122
Dr Susan
Sandretto
Implications of School Choice Decisions
on Active Transport to School
Mandic et al. Journal of
Transport and Health.
2017; 6:347-357
Adolescents (n=797)
(Special character (integrated) schools and schools with zoning excluded)
(Students from 6 out of 12 Dunedin secondary schools (50%) included in the analysis)
Without school zoning,
51.3% of adolescents
enrolled in the closest school.
Distance
Importance of school
proximity to home
Co-educational school status
Peer feedback
Closest
school
Distant
school
46.5% 8.8%
School choice has implications for
education, health, transport and
environment
40.3% 68.8%
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://imgarcade.com/1/walking-to-school-clipart/&ei=dnV_VK6xG4Tz8gWR1YL4Dw&psig=AFQjCNHl7p-0oReDBz_UA-yxwqMjd0uhFw&ust=1417725665243421
Being Driven to School:
Adolescents’ PerspectiveOlivia
Eyles
Dr Christina
Ergler
(Otago)
Positives Negatives
Eyles O et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.
Bus to School – or Not?
Isobelle
Lane
Dr Christina
Ergler
(Otago)
Lane I et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.
Social Capital, Active Transport and
Independent Mobility in Rural AreasTessa
Porskamp
Dr Christina
Ergler
(Otago)
Porskamp T et al. 2018. (Abstract) BEATS Study Symposium.
www.otago.ac.nz/active-living-2019
Sponsored by Transport Research Network, University of Otago
(1st Symposium was held at the University of Otago in August 2017)