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This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (SHW/CGW 00293 6/08) 12921/5

UCLES 2009 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A

Answer all questions.Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.You are advised to spend no longer than 1 hour on Section A.Section BAnswer all the questions, including questions 8, 9 and 10 Either or 10 Or.Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.Write an E (for Either) or an O (for Or) next to the number 10 in theExaminers grid to indicate which question you have answered.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each questionor part question.

*

9

8

2

3

3

5

5

2

9

0

*

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 5096/02

Paper 2 October/November 2009

2 hours

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.

For Examiners Use

1

2

3

4

5

6

7Section Asub-total

8

9

10

Total

www.xtremepapers.net
http://www.xtremepapers.net/http://www.xtremepapers.net/

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Section A

Answer all the questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a view of the heart from the front.

D

EB

C

A

F

G

I

H

Fig. 1.1

(a) Using only the letters A to F, list which of the blood vessels on Fig. 1.1

(i) carry deoxygenated blood, ............................................. [3]

(ii) carry oxygenated blood. ................................................. [3]

(b) Name the heart chambers indicated by the letters G, H and I on Fig. 1.1.

G ......................................................................................................................................

H ......................................................................................................................................

I .................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) State in which of the vessels A to F a blockage commonly leads to heart failure.

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Blood leaves the heart under high pressure through arteries and re-enters it through veins,under low pressure.

(d) List three ways in which the structure of arteries is adapted to withstand highpressure.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................ [3]

(e) When a doctor takes your blood pressure, two readings are given, for example, 120 over80 millimetres of mercury. Explain what the two figures represent in this example.

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Table 1.2 shows the percentage blood flow to different tissues and organs when the body isat rest and then during heavy exercise.

Table 1.2

organs blood flow at rest / % blood flow during exercise / %

heart 4 4

skin 9 2

brain 13 3

kidneys 19 1

gut 24 1

muscles 22 88

other organs 9 1

total 100 100

(f) Using the information in Table 1.2,

(i) state which two organs show the greatest reduction in percentage blood flow duringexercise,

1. ................................................................

2. ................................................................ [2]

(ii) calculate by how many times blood flow to the muscles increases during exercise.

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(g) Describe how muscular activity helps in returning blood to the heart from the extremitiesof the body.

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[Total: 20]


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2 Fig. 2.1 shows an experiment to demonstrate the digestion of starch to sugar by an enzymein saliva.

R S

10cm3 1%starch

solution

10cm3 1%starch

solution+

1cm3 saliva

Visking tubingVisking tubing

water

Fig. 2.1

Visking tubing resembles the gut wall in that it is permeable to small molecules but not tolarge ones. Tests for starch and sugar were carried out on samples of the fluid taken frominside the Visking tubing and the water outside, at the start of the experiment and after20 minutes. Some of these results are shown in Table 2.1 below.

(a) Complete Table 2.1 by using the words presentor absent. [4]

Table 2.1

liquidtested

result at start result after 20 minutes

starch sugar starch sugar

fluid in R present absent present absent

water in R absent absent absent absent

fluid in S present absent

water in S absent absent


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(b) Describe how you would carry out the test for sugar on a sample of liquid, and the resultyou would see if sugar was present.

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[Total: 8]


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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a section through the skin under two different conditions, P and Q. In P thebody is at rest; in Q the body is exercising hard.

sweatgland

capillary

P Q

Fig. 3.1

(a) State two ways in which the skin shown in Q differs from P.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Explain how each of the differences you stated in (a) will increase heat loss from theskin.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

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2. ......................................................................................................................................

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[Total: 6]


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4 Fig. 4.1 shows the bones and related tissues of the elbow joint.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Label an example of each of the following tissues on Fig. 4.1.

(i) cartilage

(ii) ligament

(iii) tendon

(iv) muscle

[4]

(b) State two advantages of bone being a living tissue.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]


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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a vertical section through the female reproductive organs.

Fig. 5.1

Using label lines and the letters J to N show the following on Fig. 5.1:

J where meiosis occursK a ciliated regionL urethraM where implantation occursN where oestrogen is formed [5]

[Total: 5]


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6 Read the following paragraph and choose from the terms given below to fill in the blanks leftin the passage.

active antibodies antigens long lymphocytes

passive phagocytes plasma serum short

Poisonous snakes can be farmed for their venom. This is collected and a diluted sample

is injected into a large animal such as a horse. The horses

make to the toxin in the venom. Later, larger doses of venom are

injected into the horse which responds by forming large numbers of these protective proteins.

Blood can be taken from the horse and its corpuscles removed. The resulting liquid,

rich in proteins, is called a . If a person is bitten by the same

species of snake, the horse-extract can be used to treat that person. This protection is

a type of immunity. The protection given is immediate, but is of

duration. [5]

[Total: 5]


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7 Fig. 7.1 shows the distribution of rods and cones across the retina of the eye from one sideto the other.

0

numberof cells

edge ofretina

edge ofretina

fovea

cones

rods

X

Fig. 7.1

(a) In which part of the retina are

(i) the most rods found, .......................................................

(ii) the most cones found? ................................................... [2]

(b) Identify region X on Fig. 7.1. ................................. [1]

(c) State which region of the eye contracts

(i) to reduce the amount of light entering the eye, .................................................

(ii) to focus on a near object. .................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]


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Section B

Answer all the questions, including questions 8, 9 and 10 Either or 10 Or.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

8 (a) State the uses of water in the body.

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(b) Describe the actions of the different parts of the kidney tubule in taking water from theblood and passing it into the urine.

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(c) Describe how the brain and kidney interact when there is a shortage of water in theblood.

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[Total: 15]


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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a set of living conditions in a poor rural village.

latrine

people crowdedin poorly ventilatedrooms

long grass

wet muddy groundshallow open well

manure heap

stagnantpond water

Fig. 9.1

Describe the possible hazards to health for the people living in this village.

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10 Either

(a) State which two organs of the body are affected by long-term excessive alcohol intake.

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(b) Explain why it is very unwise to drive a car after drinking alcohol.

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(c) Alcohol is said to be addictive. Explain what this means.

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Fig. 10.1 shows simple apparatus which an experimenter could use to measure the speed ofa subjects reactions.

experimenterdrops ruler

subject catchesruler

Fig. 10.1

(d) Describe how this apparatus could be used to measure the effect of drinking alcohol onthe subject.

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[Total: 15]


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10 Or

(a) State two possible effects on the body of smoking cigarettes for a long time.

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(b) Explain why a woman who smokes when she is pregnant is likely to have smaller thanaverage babies.

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(c) What is meant by the term vital capacity?

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Fig. 10.2 shows some apparatus.

water-filledjar tube

trough

Fig. 10.2

(d) Describe how you would use this apparatus to measure the effect of prolonged smokingon vital capacity.

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[Total: 15]


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Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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