5.1: Sectionalism from 1820-1850

Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (pg. 87-89)

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Tariffs & the Nullification Crisis

Nullification Crisis18281828: Tariff of AbominationsProtected Northern industrySoutherners were outraged

18321832: Another high tariff John C. Calhoun threatened that South Carolina would nullify the tariff

President Andrew Jackson created the Force Bill to make SC pay

18331833: Henry Clay created a lower, “compromise tariff” to end the issue

The Mexican-American WarWilmot Proviso, 1846

Territorial Expansion by 1850

CaliforniaCalifornia•The discovery of gold in California led to a gold rush in 1849

Territorial Expansion by 1850

The Compromise of 1850

CA admitted as a free state

Popular sovereignty would decide slavery in

Utah & New Mexico

A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was

created to appease the South

Ended the slave trade in Washington DC (but not slavery)

Key Abolitionists

Frederick Douglass was a

former slave who fought to abolish slavery

William Lloyd Garrison, editor

of the newspaper The Liberator, fought to abolish

slavery.

Harriet Tubman led the Underground Railroad

Who published The Liberator and believed in the immediate and complete abolition of slavery?

The

Grimke

sist

ers

Will

iam

Llo

yd G

arris

on

Har

riet T

ubman

Fre

deric

k Dougla

s

Har

riet B

eecher

Sto

we

11%

78%

0%

11%

0%

1. The Grimke sisters2. William Lloyd Garrison3. Harriet Tubman4. Frederick Douglas5. Harriet Beecher Stowe

10

This person was a former slave who learned to read and write and lectured on the evils of slavery?

The

Grimke

sist

ers

Mar

tin V

an B

uren

Har

riet T

ubman

Fre

deric

k Dougla

s

Har

riet B

eecher

Sto

we

0%

10% 10%

80%

0%

1. The Grimke sisters2. Martin Van Buren3. Harriet Tubman4. Frederick Douglas5. Harriet Beecher

Stowe

10

The Missouri Compromise did all of the following EXCEPT

Mai

ne bec

ame

a fre

e ...

Mis

souri

becam

e a s

l...

Open

ed a

ll th

e te

rrito

...

Pre

serv

ed th

e bal

anc.

..

20% 20%

50%

10%

1. Maine became a free state

2. Missouri became a slave state

3. Opened all the territories to slavery

4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states 10

The Compromise of 1850 did all of the following EXCEPT

Cal

iforn

ia b

ecam

e a f.

..

New

Mex

ico b

ecam

e a.

..

Intro

duced th

e co

nce..

Pre

serv

ed th

e bal

anc.

..

10%

0%

40%

50%1. California became a

free state2. New Mexico became a

slave state3. Introduced the

concept of “popular sovereignty”

4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states 10

According to popular sovereignty, the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in a territory would be decided by

Res

iden

ts o

f the

terri

...

The

Senat

e

The

House of R

epre

s...

The

Presi

dent

70%

20%10%

0%

1. Residents of the territory

2. The Senate3. The House of

Representatives4. The President

10

John C. Calhoun believed that state governments had a right to declare federal laws unconstitutional because

Sta

tes

wer

e el..

.

Sta

tes

spoke

m...

Sta

tes

had cre

...

Sta

tes

exis

ted...

50%

10%

20%20%

1. States were elected by the people.

2. States spoke more directly to the people.

3. States had created the national government.

4. States existed before the National government. 10

Jackson did not accept “nullification” because he believed it

thre

atened

the

feder

a...

gav

e Congre

ss to

o ...

took

away

pow

ers

fro...

made

the

feder

al g

ov...

40%

30%

20%

10%

1. threatened the federal government’s power and authority

2. gave Congress too much power over the states

3. took away powers from the state governments

4. made the federal government too powerful

10

President Polk wanted Mexico to take military action against the U.S. in the 1840’s because

Mex

ico w

ould h

ave t.

..

Mex

ico w

ouldn’t

acce

..

Mex

ico w

ouldn’t

ente

r...

Polk

thought t

he U.S

....

0% 0%0%

100%1. Mexico would have to

buy their gunpowder from the U.S.

2. Mexico wouldn’t accept U.S. offer to buy land.

3. Mexico wouldn’t enter the Industrial Revolution.

4. Polk thought the U.S. was better at defense than offense.

10

Polk used this as grounds for declaring war against Mexico

Nonpay

men

t of .

..

Dec

lara

tion o

f...

Atta

ck o

n Gen

e...

Annexa

tion o

f ...

0%

40%

50%

10%

1. Nonpayment of debts

2. Declaration of the border

3. Attack on General Zachary Taylor’s forces

4. Annexation of Texas 10

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned from

Cal

iforn

ia o

nly

All

the

terr

itorie

s w

o...

The

entir

e nat

ion

The

Distri

ct o

f Colu

mbia

60%

0%

10%

30%

1. California only2. All the

territories won from Mexico

3. The entire nation

4. The District of Columbia 10