5.1 Special Health Concerns

When sick or recovering from illness or injury:Get plenty of fluids If have poor appetite, fix small, frequent

meals

Food intolerance - Body has trouble digesting or handling a component of food

Lactose intolerance – inability to adequately digest lactose, which is the natural sugar found in milk and milk products Symptoms: nausea, stomach pain, gas, diarrhea Drink lactose-free products Consume small servings of dairy at a time Eat milk products with less lactose like hard

cheeses and yogurt Take a supplement that will help your body

digest lactose

Food allergy – sensitivity to food that involves the body’s immune systemBody thinks of the food as an illness to fightRash, itching, stomach cramps, breathing

problems, headache, nausea, vomitingCan be life-threateningCommon foods: milk, eggs, wheat,

peanuts, soy, tree nuts, fish, shellfish If have food allergy must avoid the foods

that cause it

Diabetes – body cannot control levels of sugar in the blood properly

Two types:Body doesn’t produce enough insulinBody doesn’t use the insulin that is

produced normally Managing diabetes:

Eat regular meals and snacksMake careful food choicesBe physically activeMay need medicine or insulin injections

Diabetes develops:As a child, which will have to deal with for

the duration of their lifeAs get older, being overweight can cause

diabetes Must control sugar levels

Sugar or glucose is found in sugary items and items with carbohydrates such as pasta’s!

Modified diet – special eating plan that helps to keep a medical condition under control

May limit certain foods or choose foods for their nutrients or for texture

Examples:Low-sodium diet to help lower high blood

pressureSoft food diet for someone having difficulty

chewing

For more vitamins – add more vegetables to casseroles, pasta dishesExample: add shredded carrots and

zucchini to mashed potatoes For more calcium –

add dry milk to dishes such as mashed potatoes, meat loaf

Add grated cheese to dishes

For less fatUse reduced or low fat ingredientsUse smaller amounts of high-fat ingredients

such as butterSkim fat from soups, graviesSubstitute evaporated fat-free milk for creamUse plain yogurt or light or nonfat sour creamUse fat free or low fat milks instead of whole

milksUse extra lean meatsUse 2 eggs whites instead of 1 whole eggUse 3 T. cocoa powder plus 1 T. oil instead of

1 oz. baking chocolate

For more fiberUse whole-grain pastas and brown riceAdd dry beans to soupsMix bran into casseroles

For less added sugarUse vanilla, cinnamon, spices to bring out

the natural sweetness of many foods for less sodium

Cut down on salt in recipes by using herbs and spices to enhance flavors

Use low-sodium versions of ingredients such as broth, soy sauce, canned foods

5.2 Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Obesity

Refuse to maintain appropriate body weight

Fear of fatDisturbance in body perceptionAmenorrhea (no period, in females, for

more than 3 months)

Recurrent binge eatingRecurrent compensatory (getting rid

of) behavior such as fasting, vomiting, exercise

Binging/purging must occur 2X a week for 3 months

Self evaluation based on weight/shape

2 sub-types of bulimia

2 types of bulimiaNon-purging bulimia

Fasting, excessive exercise, other drugs

Binge eatingBinge eatingRapid eating, not hungry but still eat,

eat alone, depressedDistressed by bingingBinge occurs 2X a week for 6 monthsNo compensatory behaviors

ObesityExcessive body fatMore than 30% overweight

Muscle weakness Osteoporosis Heart failure Difficulty regulating body temperature Lanugo – growth of fuzz Skin becomes dry and flaky because dehydrated Erosion of tooth enamel

High blood pressure Heart disease Arthritis Diabetes Stroke Stress on bones

FatProblem, but there’s a solutionPersonality and value judgmentsFearInsult

FoodEnjoymentcontrol

ThinJealousyToo thin = abnormalSuccessControl

FitSuccessControl

Anorexia“perfect”, loyal, stable, conflict free, nurturing

BulimiaOpen conflict, chaotic, lacks nurturance

1 male for every 10 females suffer from an eating disorder

5-10% of cases of anorexia nervosa 10-15% of cases of bulimia nervosa It is increasing!!! Sports related

Less frequent, but increasing Girls = aesthetic (beauty) Boys = health Failure to grow/weight loss Conscientious, perfectionism, depression Prognosis = 2/3 recover