Sternal angle

Lower border of T4

Mediastinum:It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structuresIt is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior

Superior mediastinum:EsophagusTracheaArch of AortaBig branches of Aortic archBrachiocephalic ( innominate) veinsUpper half os superior vena cavaPhrenic nervesVagi nerves

Middle mediastinum:PericardiumHeartPulmonary trunkAscending AortaLower half of SVCUpper part of IVCBifurcation of trachea

Posterior mediastinum:EsophagusDescending thoracic AortaAzygos and hemiazygos veinsvagi

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angle

Esophagus:-Length -begins-Ends-Site and relations- Blood supply

Trachea:-Length -begins-Ends-Site of trachea and bifurcation)-Relation-Main bronchi . length . width . orientation . divisions

Esophagus

Trachea

Rt VagusLt Vagus

Aorta:1- Ascending Aorta:Origin, end, branches2- Arch of aorta:Origin, end, branches3- descending thoracic Aorta:Origin, end, branches

Paired SinglePost intercostals pericardialSubcostal mediastinalPhrenic esophagealBroncheal

Brachicephalic artery

Lt common carotid artery

Lt subclavian artery

Superior vena cava :-Begin by union of….. At level of….right 1st costal cartilage -length-end at right 3rd costal cartilage by joining the heart-Tributaries: vena azygos at right 2nd costal cartilage

Brachiocephalic veins:Comparison between right and left veins:-Begin by union of….. -length-end at …. by forming…..-Tributaries: one of them is internal thoracic vein

Azygos and hemiazygos veins:-Begin at the abdomen. -end at……-Tributaries:1- Posterior intercostal2- Bronchial 3- Pericardial4- Esophageal 5- Mediastinal

Rt Brachiocephalic. Lt Brachiocephalic

Lt Internal jugular

Lt subclavian

Lt Internal jugular

Lt subclavian

Lt subclavian

SVC

Vena azygos

Phrenic nerve

Pulmonary Trunk:-Origin-Divisions-Relations

Inferior vena cava:-Origin- End

Mediastinum:It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structuresIt is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior

Superior mediastinum:EsophagusTracheaArch of AortaBig branches of Aortic archBrachiocephalic veinsUpper half of superior vena cavaPhrenic nervesVagi nerves

Middle mediastinum:PericardiumHeartPulmonary trunkAscending AortaLower half of SVCUpper part of IVCBifurcation of trachea

Posterior mediastinum:EsophagusDescending thoracic AortaAzygos and hemiazygos veinsvagi

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Lower border of T4

Sternal angle

Esophagus

Descending Thoracic

Aorta