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Business Objects
Thursday, March 10, 2011
SAP BO Designer
Business Objects Designer is a SAP software tool that allows developers to createUniverses for Web Intelligence and Desktop Intelligence users It is a client application!accessible after the installation
"ocation of Designer in a client s#ste$%
Start &' Progra$s &' Business Objects (i ) * &' Business Objects +nterprise &'Designer
What is a SAP BO Universe,
SAP BO Universe is a se$antic la#er that isolates end users fro$ underl#ing databaseor technical issues of database A universe $aps to data in the database! but usesever# da# ter$s that describe user business environ$ent
What is the role of an Universe in Reporting:
-he role of an universe is to provide an eas# to use and understand interface for nontechnical Web Intelligence users to run .ueries against a database to create reports andperfor$ data anal#sis
Best Practices to adopt while designing SAP BO universe,
Being the cornerstone of the Business Objects se$antic la#er! universe designbeco$es one of the $ost i$portant aspects of getting the right data out there in ti$e foranal#sis and decision $aking
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/ollowing are the best practices for to be considered while designing universe!
Anal#sis of end user re.uire$ents is the $ost i$portant task in the process It isstrongl# advisable to spend $ost of the universe develop$ent ti$e and put $uch
effort in Anal#0ing and Planning phases of business re.uire$ents Avoid using auto$atic universe creation wi0ard Universe created using wi0ardwill be co$ple1 and difficult to understand
Insert tables into universe one at a ti$e Use short cut joins whenever possible to reduce no of tables used in a 2uer# 3lass and Object na$ing convention should be in business ter$s! so that it
$akes sense to business users All Objects should have help te1t or usage infor$ation Object for$atting should preferabl# done at the Universe level Pre&build condition objects in the universe rather than forcing users to build
conditions for reports
Use aggregation in all $easure objects & to push aggregation to database whereperfor$ance bottleneck is likel# to affect BO server and database perfor$ance isopti$al 4enerall# aggregation at database level is $uch $ore powerful! and itreduces the volu$e of data to be transported over network
Use custo$ "O5s or 3ascading pro$pts to displa# "O5s where hierarchies andnu$erous values are involved
Use derived tables to define $easure objects dependent on $ultiple fact tables
How to create universe in client system:
In order to build a universe! developer should create a new universe file 3onnectionpara$eter $ust be defined while creating universe file! to allow universe to accessdatabase $iddleware 3onnection para$eter includes definition of a universe which isco$prised of universe na$e! description! 6DB7S connection
log onto Designer &'/ile &'8ew
Universe Para$eters dialog appears
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once connection is established! test the connection to $ake sure its working
Schema: A sche$a is a graphical representation of database structures In Designer#ou create sche$a which #our universe represents
Sche$a contains tables and joins -ables contains colu$ns that #ou eventuall# $ap toobject that business user use to create reports 9ou design the sche$a in structurepane b# selecting tables fro$ target database using table browser fro$ Insert $enu indesigner
A good schema design is essential for a good universe.
-here are two t#pes of sche$a!
* Star Sche$a: Snowflake Sche$a
Star Schema , Star sche$a is a relational database sche$a for representing
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$ultidi$ensional data Star sche$a consists of one or $ore fact tables referencing an#nu$ber of di$ensional tables
Advantages of Star Schema:
Provides highl# opti$i0ed perfor$ance for t#pical data warehouse .ueries 6educes the nu$ber of joins between the tables and hence faster perfor$ance
Disadvantages of Star Schema:
6e.uires $ore a$ount of storage space
Star Sche$a is used for both si$ple data $arts and ver# large data warehouses
Snowflake Schema: Snowflake sche$a is a $ore co$ple1 data warehouse $odelthan a star sche$a! and is a t#pe of star sche$a It is called snowflake sche$a!because data $odel rese$bles snowflake
Snowflake sche$a helps in $ore nor$ali0ation and eli$inates data redundanc# -his isbecause! a di$ension data is grouped in to $ore tables instead of one large table
Advantages:
8o redundant data! hence easier to $aintain When we nor$ali0e the di$ension! di$ension will not be parsed
Disadvantages:
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In snowflake $odel! .uer# process takes longti$e as $ore tables are joined Increases nu$ber of tables end users should work with
Snowflake data $odel is good when data warehouse is s$all for large data warehouseenviron$ents star sche$a is idea to i$ple$ent
-#picall# a universe can be created in ; si$ple steps,
* Adding tables: 3reating object e1plorer ?
Structure ane , "ocated on the right hand side -his is the place where developersinserts tables into universe 6ight click on the structure pane to open table browser toinsert tables into universe Select tables fro$ the table browser and click on insertbutton to add tables to the structure pane
Universe ane: is also called as Object +1plorer -he graphical co$ponent with in the$ain designer window that displa#s a hierarchical view of classes! objects andconditions in a universe -wo radio buttons on the lower edge of the universe panefilters the displa# of co$ponents One button the 3lasses @ Objects! provides a view ofclasses and objects! other button 3lasses @ 3onditions provides a view of 3lasses and3onditions
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SAP Universe Designer window in a gli$pse
-o get a better view of tables in structure pane click on Arrange -ables button toarrange tables hori0ontall#
Step !. Adding "a#les to universe: A table browser co$ponent available in universedesigner allows developer to select tables fro$ database and place the$ in structurepane! which shows a visual representation of a ph#sical database structure or sche$a-able browser is a independent co$ponent which can be invoked fro$ toolbar button orb# right click on structure pane
Step $. %reating &oins ' %ardinalities: Once $ore than one table is inserted intosche$a! we need to create joins between tables! as the# allow data to be retrieved in a$eaningful wa#
What is a &oin( A join is a condition that links the data in separate but related tables -he tables usuall#have a parent&child relationship If a .uer# does not contain a join database returnsresult set with all possible co$binations of rows in a table! such a result set is called3artesian Product
A join between two tables deter$ines how data is returned when both tables areincluded in a .uer#
3reating
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7anuall# in the sche$a
B# selecting Auto$aticall# detect joins 4raphicall# b# using the $ouse to drag a line between colu$ns in separatetables
Individual joins can be created between tables graphicall# b# using the $ouse to trace aline fro$ a colu$n in one table to a colu$n in another table
Once join is created between two tables! join properties has to be $entioned $anuall#In order to $ention join properties! double click on the join% edit join dialog bo1 appearswhere we can define join properties
below is the join properties dialog bo1
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&oin )perators , we can select join operator fro$ the drop down list between -able *and -able : bo1es -he operator allows #ou to define the restriction that the join uses to$atch data between the joined colu$ns
one can select following operators for a join
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SAP BO Universe designer supports different t#pes of joins on tables! below are thelist of joins universe designer supports%
SAP BO universe allows full outer joins to be declared between two tables Below is theprocedure to declare full outer joins
Defining full outer *oins:
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Outer joins are defined b# using A8SI : standards In order to declare full outer joinbetween tables on join properties! we have to enable A8SI : para$eter to 9+S -hispara$eter is available on the para$eter page
"ocation, /ile &&' Para$eter &&' Para$eter
Below picture shows how full outer join looks%
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Once
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the colu$n at the other end of join
Above cardinalit# can be e1plained as follows,
*!n &&&' /or each custo$er there can be one or $ore reservations*!* &&&' /or each reservation will have one and onl# one custo$er
Different t#pes of cardinalities can be set on a join! below listed t#pes of cardinalities
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Step +.%reating %lasses and )#*ects:
%lasses:
3lass is a logical grouping of objects and conditions with in a universe! based onbusiness criteria 3lasses are represented as a folder in universe 3lasses are createdin universe pane 3lasses can also contain sub class
how to create class,
/ro$ $enu bar click on insert class icon or right click on universe pane and selectclass! class is created in universe pane
+dit properties of 3lass dialog bo1 appears where #ou can na$e class
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)#*ects: An Object is $ost refined co$ponent in a universe It $aps to data or derivation of datain the database! for the purpose of $ultidi$ensional anal#sis An object can beclassified as Di$ension! Detail! 7easure objectsObjects are grouped into classes Using objects! end users can built .ueries to generate
reports
Cow to create objects in class,
/ro$ $enu bar click on insert object icon or right click on universe pane and selectobject! object is created in universe pane under selected class! below is the objectdefinition
8a$e, Object na$e It can consists of alphanu$eric characters including specialcharacters
-#pe, It defines object datat#pe It can be of four t#pes! 3haracter! Date! 8u$ber! "ongte1t
Below are the object properties dialog bo1%
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Dimension )#*ect , An object being tracked in $ultidi$ensional anal#sis Di$ensionsare organi0ed into hierarchies
Detail )#*ect: An object .ualified as a detail provides descriptive data about adi$ension object A detail is alwa#s attached to di$ension It $aps to one or $orecolu$ns in the database that provide detail infor$ation about di$ension object A detailobject can not be used in a drill down anal#sis
,easure )#*ect: An object that is derived fro$ aggregate function It conve#s nu$ericinfor$ation b# which di$ension object can be $easuredfollowing are the five basic aggregate functions available in objects
Su$ Average 7ini$u$ 7a1i$u$ 3ount
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other than above $entioned functions in object! BO universe supports one $orefunction which is aggregate aware
What is aggregate aware( Aggregate Aware is a feature that $akes use of predefined aggregate tables to
enhance the perfor$ance of S2" transactions It is used to i$prove the speed b# whichaggregates are calculated in the database -o set up aggregate awareness in auniverse! #ou define one or $ore objects using the EAggregate Aware function -hes#nta1 for this function is as follows,
EAggregate Aware>aggregate table * aggregate table n?
-he argu$ents of this function are all the na$es of alternative aggregatetables When #ou for$ulate the s#nta1! #ou should be aware of the orderof the argu$ents -he precedence is fro$ left to right% this $eans thatSAP Business Objects deter$ines the aggregate to use beginning fro$ theleft$ost argu$ent
As a general rule! #ou should enter the $ost aggregate table as the first argu$ent! the ne1t $ostaggregate table as the second argu$ent! and so on 9ou $ust then use the Aggregate 8avigation editorto set up a list of inco$patible objects and@or inco$patible conditions for each aggregate table in #ouruniverse -hese are the co$ponents that cannot be used with an aggregate table 9ou can either set upthese lists $anuall#! or cause the list of objects to be detected b# Designer
Step -. Defining %ondition )#*ects:
A condition object is a predefined where clause that can be inserted in to the selectstate$ent inferred b# objects in .uer# pane3ondition objects are stored in the 3ondition view of the universe pane
3ondition objects of Beach universe and where clause condition is shown below
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Advantages of using condition o#*ects in ) Universe:
Useful for co$ple1 or fre.uentl# used conditions 4ives users choice of appl#ing the conditions 8o need to have $ultiple objects
Disadvantages of using condition o#*ects in ) Universe:
Onl# disadvantage of using condition objects! is #ou force the condition onbusiness user to restrict their access to part of the dataset
"astl# we co$plete the universe b# running Integrit# check
%hecking Universe /ntegrity:
As #ou design universe! #ou should test universe integrit# periodicall# Integrit# checkcan be perfor$ed in two wa#s
7anual integrit# check Auto$atic integrit# check
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/ollowing are t#pes of errors detected b# integrit# check on universe%
Invalid s#nta1 in the S2" definition of an object! condition or join 3heck "oops Isolated tables
Isolated
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3lick on Auto$atic parse upon definition and click OF
upon co$pleting integrit# check! if check integrit# encounters no errors it displa#s GOFGbeside each t#pe
3lick on the >H? sign beside the error t#pe! to view the list of co$ponents in which theerror occurred
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If integrit# check identifies that database of universe connection is changed! #ou canuse refresh structure in universe to update the contents of structure pane
ath:
5iew &&' 6efresh Structure
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