句子简化题 刘泽宇

Official Guide 4th:– 句子简化题要求考生选出一个句子，其句意要

与原文中某个句子的主要意思相一致。– 问题来了：主要意思是什么？

删掉修饰部分剩下的就是要表达的主要意思吗？

主干成分 = 主要意思？

原文：他是一个高尚的人，一个纯粹的人，一个有道德的人，一个脱离了低级趣味的人，一个有益于人民的人。

删减后：他是人。

删枝节，读主干。 枝节——修饰成分

形容词：名词

副词：动词；形容词；副词；整个句子

介词短语（介 + 名 = 形 / 副）

同位语从句；定语从句（形）；状语从句（副）

• Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

错误答案的两种可能： 1 、改变了重要意思 2 、遗漏了核心信息

原文：爱疯 5S 高端、大气、上档次。

选项：爱疯 5S 很 X 丝。

原文： 5S 有三种颜色，分别是高端黑、卫生金、东北银。

选项： 5S 的颜色是高端黑。

As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean

如何分层1 、标点符号 ， ；——

2 、连词 并列 and

转折 but

让步 although

因果 so and

3 、从属 that 、 which 只有一个主句

• 1 、 As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting,

• 2 、 the Strait of Gibraltar, （ where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, ） opened,

• 3 、 and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean

地壳运动 海峡打开 水涌入地中海

○The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.

○The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by

water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.

• ○The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.

• ○As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.

1 、 Continued sedimentation— （ the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom ）— buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures,

2 、 which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.

• ○Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.

• ○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.

• ○Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.

• ○The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.

句子简化两种方法： 1 、抓主干（不总是靠谱）

2 、找逻辑（总是靠谱）

Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.

1 、 Many ecologists now think

2 、 that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment,

3 、 an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.

○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity

rather than patchiness.

○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high spe

cies diversity..

○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.

○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift,

it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

Contrary to 与之相对的。本句话分为两部分。与 A 部分观点相对的是 B 部分。 A 与 B 相互对立。

A 说的是偶然，意外

B 说的是精密计划

肯定 B 否定 A

○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transpor

ting domesticated plants and animals.

○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization e

xpeditions.

○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect –for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect –

for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

○The practice of being reflective is no longer simply a habit among teachers but something that is ext

ernally motivated.

○Most teachers need to explore ways to form the habit of reflection even when no external motivatio

n exists.

○Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been studied, including the comparative benefits of externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachers.

○There has not been enough exploration of why teachers practice reflection as a habit with or without external motivation.

Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills,

it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

○ Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously, but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere co

uld not be water driven.

○ The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable pla

ces.

○ Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills, as well as other factories, tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.

○ Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.

But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.

But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity,

perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south,

in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.

○But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the terraces.

○But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the presence of water.

• ○But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.

• ○But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.