(hypotension) 20-30%(cramps) 5-20%(nausea, vomiting) 5-15 %(headache) 5 %(chest pain) 2-5 %(back pain) 2-5 %(itching) 5 %(fever, chills)

(intra-dialysis) (pre-dialysis), chronic hypotension

( (refilling)

30mmHg100mmHg

()()

(blood pressure, BP)= (cardiac output, CO) (total peripheral vascular resistance, TPR)

* C.O. = heart rate (HR) Stroke volume * stroke volume:(70 mL, 70kg)

Starling forces : oncotic pressure () v.s. hydrostatic pressure ()

(UF)

(UF) (refilling)

5~6%()

-(constrictive pericarditis):

(tissue ischemia)SLE

: acetate (preload)

: (biocompatibility) (cytokines) (mediators),

: (1)(2)(volume expansion) : (7.5% saline, 3% saline, 6% dextran, 50% )

(3)

(4):

(5) :(albumin) UFL-carnitine (),DOPA, (NSAID), Sertraline (Zoloft) (6) : norepinephrine, phenylepinephrine, caffeine, midodrine, Amezinium

() (Hct > 25-30%)

() () (37 35)(HDF) (HF)(PD)

L-Carnitine: EphedrineFludrocortisoneCaffeineVasopressinSertaline (Zoloft) Midodine (Gutron) Risumic

Thank you for your attention