(310 .. - 230 ..) , , , . , . . . 3 . 42.000 ., 14.000 . , 10.916 .

8 / , . 87. , , 20 , . 390 . . 20 , , ( ). , .. : .

: ; ; ; ; ; ;

5 ( ) ( ) . . .6 , , , . , , , , , . , . 87 , 224, 365, 1 321 , 11 29 . , 100 . , . , . 1530, 57 , , De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ( ), . . , . De Revolutionibus , 1543. , , . , , , , . , : ... , ....

9 , . . 4600 . , . . . , .

. . . . 14

15

16 . , -180 C . . . . . .

17 . 100 , . , 480 C. .

18 70% . 10% , . . 4,6 , . .

19 , , . . . 100 .

1960 , . 1 . . . 600 25. , .20 , 11 . 700 . , .

21 . . . , . 13 .

. 1781 William Herschel. , . 42 . , . 1846 Johann Galle . .24 . , , . . 6,4 . , 1978. , Kuiper.

27 299.792.458 (m/s), . , , , , , , . , .() 3,26 , 30,9 (3,09 1013 ) . : 25.902.068.371.200 : 1.079.252.848.800 : 17.987.547.480 : 299.792.458

28 . . .

29 , . , .

. , . , . S. , . . , . . 31 , . , . . . , , , . , .

, ( 80%), . 100.000 4.000 . 90% . !33 ( 31) , . . 2,5 . , . , . ( ), 5% , , 95% . 90% " ". , "", . , , ' , . 34 . 17 . . , , .

36 & ( ) , J. Mitton, http://www.seaf.gr/articles/151-aristarchoshttp://www.telemath.gr/mathematical_ancient_times/ancient_greek_mathematicians/aristarxos_samios.phphttp://sfak.org/page/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9%20%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9/350#%CE%91%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%BF%20%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82http://sfak.org/page/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9%20%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9/350#Galileo%20Galileihttp://www.historyreport.gr/index.php/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1/1963--l--r-http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B9http://www.pame.gr/prosopa/epistimones/galilaios.html#.UnoNXlM6U-0http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82http://www.apocalypsejohn.com/2013/02/nikolaos-kopernikos.htmlhttp://users.sch.gr/nikpanous/kepler/kepler.htmhttp://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82http://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/40

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