5,6Computer Application Unit III

8/2/2019 5,6Computer Application Unit III

1/28

Computer

Application

PGDBA (Full Time)

Trimester II

Somil Mishra


2/28

Operating Systems

Operating System

An Operating System (OS) is a computer program thatmanages the hardware and software resources of acomputer. At the foundation of all system software, theOS performs basic tasks such as controlling andallocating memory, prioritizing system requests,controlling input and output devices, facilitatingnetworking, and managing files. It also may provide agraphical user interface for higher level functions.


3/28

Operating Systems

A typical vision of a computerarchitecture as a series ofabstraction layers


4/28

Operating Systems

Evolution of Operating Systems Machines armed with programs & data

Machines preloaded with Support Libraries (eachmachine with a different OS, vendors developing OS)

IBM developed S/360 in 1960s

Development of DOS by Microsoft and Unix by AT&T in1980s

Development of GUI systems in late 1990s, MicrosoftWindows, Apple MacOS and Linux

Development of Network Operating Systems (NOS) inlate 1990s like Windows NT, Win 2000 etc.


5/28

Operating Systems

CUI Vs. GUI Operating Systems

Character User Interface is a basic command-lineinterface between the user and the OS. A user has tolearn and memorize the command in order to use the OSeffectively. The commands are written in basic text formand applications are initialized using commands.


6/28

Operating Systems

Example of CUI based Operating Systems:

MS-DOS, UNIX etc.


7/28

Operating Systems

CUI Vs. GUI Operating Systems

Graphical User Interfaceprovides the user a much simpler

interface where a user can use the mouse to point andclick various icons, buttons and other visual control tointeract with the OS. Here, the user is not required toremember any command and hence reduces thechances to make mistake.

The GUI relies on various events performed by the usersuch as, mouse click, double click, mouse drag, mousehover etc.


8/28

Operating Systems

AnOrganizedL

inux

Des

ktop


9/28

Operating Systems

MacOSinaction


10/28

Operating Systems

Aty

picalWindows

XPDesktop


11/28

Operating Systems

Functions

OS Services

Process Management

Memory Management

Disk and File Systems

Networking

Security

Graphical User Interfaces

Device Drivers


12/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Windows XP Operating system was released in 2001 byMicrosoft Corporation to combine the ease of use ofWindows 9X family along with the security and

networking capabilities of Windows NT/2000 operatingsystems.

Windows XP is available in two flavors i.e. Windows XPProfessional and Windows XP Home editions.


13/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Windows XP automatically starts when you turn on yourcomputer.

You might be asked to enter your username and password.

The Windows XP desktop uses a graphical user interface(GUI), which displays icons.


14/28

Windows XP

Operating System


15/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Desktop elements and description


16/28

Windows XP

Operating System

My Computer icon, either on the desktop or on the startmenu, is the central resource for all the devicesconnected in the computer system.

My Computer shows the contents of floppy disk, hard disk,CD-ROM drive, and network drives. One can also searchfor and open files and folders, and gain access to options

in Control Panel to modify your computer's settings.


17/28

Windows XP

Operating System


18/28

Windows XP

Operating System


19/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Working with FilesMoving a file removes it from its current location and places

it in a new location you specify

Copying leaves the file in its current location and places acopy in the new location

Windows XP provides several techniques for moving andcopying files


20/28

Windows XP

Operating System


21/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Renaming a File or FolderRight-click the icon representing the file or folder you wish

to rename

Click Rename on the shortcut menu

Type the new filename and press the Enter key


22/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Deleting a File or FolderYou should periodically delete files you no longer need so

that your folders and disks dont get cluttered

To delete a file or folder, right-click the file or folder you wishto delete and click Delete on the shortcut menu

You can also delete a file or folder by selecting thatfile/folder and pressing the Delete button on the keyboard

The Recycle Bin is an area on your hard drive that holdsdeleted files until you remove them permanently


23/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Other Copying and Moving Techniques


24/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Windows Explorer displays the hierarchical structure of files,folders, and drives on your computer. It also shows anynetwork drives that have been mapped to drive letters onyour computer. Using Windows Explorer, you can copy,

move, rename, and search for files and folders. Forexample, you can open a folder that contains a file youwant to copy or move, and then drag the file to anotherfolder or another drive.

The convenience provided by Windows Explorer is typicallybecause of the two-pane window, where a folder in thedirectory structure and its contents can be viewed insingle glance.


25/28

Windows XP

Operating System


26/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Control PanelControl Panel is the primary resource for specialized tools

that are used to change the way Windows looks and

behaves.


27/28

Windows XP

Operating System


28/28

Windows XP

Operating System

Turning off the computerClick Start, click Turn Off Computer, and then click Turn

Off. This action shuts down Windows so that you can

safely turn off the computer. Many computers turn offautomatically after you complete the steps above.

Documents

5,6Computer Application Unit III