in
in
the
United
States
OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC
Sanskrit
studies
and in full
activity as Directeur
as Roberto
by
the
Pere
Cceurdoux
(1767),
(1740),
Jones
(1746-
1794)-
The
Abbe
Sanskrit scholarship
to the
seem,
always
continued
to
free
from
with
spoken,
to
the natives,
to understand
allowance
opinions and prac-
during a hfe-
opportunities
know far less of the actual life of India than
of that
of Greece
and Rome.
the
burning
as
he
does,
the
direct
reports
of
with
over
the
missionary, and
was a
tance
that in
reality it
the
with
that one receives
speaks
the
able
executing the
character
has painted a low
with
his
subject,
and
sense
of
religious
duty
imposed
for the
full of the names
in the
recognition
wonderful
record
which
first
day
meant some-
essentials
to
no text-
of the
sacred Hindu
(though, it must
the
to live as they
like them.
I even
repugnance to
such
circumspect
and
curious and
of the
Wilks, the accom-
of themselves
state
that
I
embarked
what are now
name,
in
Tippu
of
For these apostates,
gathered the lost sheep, of whom
there
were
1,800
in
fold,
we may judge
to
on the
years
a com-
Mottet,
in
1823,
honoured
than any
on
task ; but I
pursuit
of
knowledge.'
to
generalize
with
complete
accuracy
under
the
hands
of
Major
in
which
of the
his
opinion,
and
also
customs, and
Lord
the
eventually
agreed
the
standards
run
in
their
houses
confined
have
personally
I
am
of
opinion
and
under
the
Meanwhile
author an
the
on the very
Abbe
thence
stated
careful examination
in
in
the
Indeed the MS.
picture.
had presented
one
moment
it has
revised
MS.
the
Government
of
had a good
copy of the
sorry
instances whole
pages, had
chasms
in
and in
a few
Court
of
in
and
curious
as
it
was sent
to England
of
the
MS.
superior
in
composed
complete
as
valuable
to-day
as
religious
and
but
combines, as no other
of the people
nowadays that
notes, are
editing the
not suggested
almost
innumerable
of another
as to possible exceptions. Nevertheless^
there are certain
they are
belong may
To effect
was
cast ;
jt/og'/s
customs
of the people amongst whom he lived must in any case be
instructive,
and
I
forthcoming
insight
into
of
British
dominion
remarkable as
in India
machinery,
moved
by
hated their
rulers
; under
the
supre-
from
the
bottom
the
Hindu
princes,
and
things,
and
which
are
partial
justice
that
this
nation
will
working for
their happiness.
end. Every reform
they obstinately
the
least
degree
to
disturb
their
display
the
Pariah,
to
the
Christian,
to
has been asserted that any great power based neither on
a display
of subject races
tion.
But
it
does
all
in
its
power
to
make
sufficient to enable it
the natives of
labour
as
to
of Christianity
grounds
upon
which
the
Abbe
based
a
decision
so
humiliating
to
himself
and
to
his
disguised Feringhis
those
it
will
among
the
low
made
all
During the
converts
amongst the lowest class
days
of
Portuguese
missionary
who have more to
alluded to, the inhabitants
of tolerating among its
observances, which
with
Hindu
fellow-caste
brethren.'
And
of
the
whole
spent at
the head-
India,
Company
and
India.
made Director
of the
quarter of a century
vinces.—
Pavadam.
—
Castes.
or
a
Woman's
Confinement.
Brahmins.
—The
Vedas
173-180
Abhorrence of Europeans
who eat it
of
Purification.
—Places
of
Purification.
Forgiveness.
—Conjectures
Customs connected
Cause .....
197-207
CHAPTER
VI.
which
the
—Introduction.—Forms
—
sumption of
burnt
alive
Honour of the Dead
—Conjectures as
Their Moral Virtues
The Penance of
practise it.
The Shape
art flourished
countries
of
the
the dark
abyss of
both
far
narra-
times
be
admitted,
been established in
India, the members
us
to
acquire.
interesting
in and love
their
poems
they
were
writing.
That
is
to
say,
they
were
became
of these
their own glory
public
a
large
contain particulars
are unknown
on
the
people
powers
kind
during
have
been
carefully
appear
in
a
number
stitute
all
people whose
; but,
as
and which has
convinced
the
Powers
of
and
govern-
ing
nations.
We
difficult
to
Hard
experience
arms
had
got
hold
of
the
by
of their hearts, while
Hindu
princes,
Author's
Preface
India I am convinced that this desirable result will be attained
under the new regime, whatever may be
said
prejudiced charges, engendered
classes alike
— I for
one cannot
public
servants
better
capable
them.
number
to
testify
here
to
never
failed
to
receive
to
bitter
prejudice
against
the rulers
indiscreet
I
cannot,
how much I
love and respect
he will recognize in
allows
himself
corrupt
Every subject of the
right
founded grievances
esteem
of
subject
The
present
Government
occupies
believe
sense of
comfort which
at present
does all in
country
which
in
my
is
accompanied
can foretell
the destiny
work.
great
problem
of
Britisli
history
tained facts
with persons
life. Probably many
been more
capable than
permitted
to
doubt
favourably situated
for gleaning
I studied their
avoid
any
display
of
repugnance
peculiar
prejudices.
By
such
there
ventured
to
give
a
few
I
beg
that
my
readers
will
not
work, they
myself.
I
know
presented in
a form
called for
more pro-
found discussion,
few writings
imperfect recollection of what
faithful picture
of the
wickedness and
incongruities of
blessed
religion
was
originally
that
can doubt
own
hearts.
original the
anything
approaching
south
I was
usages
;
between
say
to
point
out
'
concerning the native Christians
per cent,
recently remarked, 'Their
different tribes,
They
remarlced through-
out the
Peninsula, but
in
where
many
families
ancestors were obliged
soil and
birthplace is engraved
they
always
carefully
avoid
particular
attention.
It
is
or
who
Brahmins,
of
the
high
distant
hauteur
with
which
they
:
turned back so many
about
the
cerning
great
numbers
tage.
Division of
and is used
castes are :
Sudras, general
tants
the
distinction
of
caste
was
difference
the subdivisions
divisions
and
subdivisions.
In
exists,
and
are
i8
chief
sub-castes,
which
lesser
divisions.
The
Sudras
There are
not nearly
so many
I
come
others
civilized
societies
are
I
may
the
weavers,
of
artisans,
comprising
the
general
all
venders
;
with
with elsewhere,
women enjoy the privilege
casteofculti-
as
vators.
part of
caste
called
Morsa-Okkala-
Makkalu,
of the ring
finger of the right hand. And if the bride's mother be dead,
the bridegroom's mother, or in
default of her the mother of the
nearest
mentioned.
cus- funeral
ceremonies and
while
together
jewels
and
parts of the
and
absurd as
the
rule
in
such
matters.
As
long as a caste conforms on the whole to the recognized
rules of decorum it is permitted to follow its
own
bent
may be in direct
although
scrupulously
observed
so
strongly
opposed
disapprobation
and
retire for the
a stop
to it.
But
universally interdicted elsewhere,
The people
a
opium is necessary for the preservation
of
most
the Carnatic observe amongst
the
them off until
the women,
their
hands,
This custom,
water, for
ordinary
labour,
to
Basava
(the
Bull),
of
that
deity.
their cattle
avoid
as
of
intermarrying,
upon
if they choose,
'^-
size of an
of his
paternal uncle.
to
from
belong. In
marriages
persons
consent
Pillay,
although
The
most
castes into
is
in
the
Hindu
books,
mark their
superiority in
There
found in the
caste. I have
time
to
time
were
women
shut
up
and
punish
them
their order.
the paramount distinction
a caste
forms after
of
the
Hindu
and
Left-hand
factions.
baneful
institution,
the heads
the observance of the
proved a perpetual
source of riots,
and the cause
faction. The
so-called rights of the
large
tracts
life,
that
the
presence
of
a
military
a
reconciliation
by
peaceful
means,
has succeeded in
restoring order it
is only for
renew
the
conflict
which
the
himself
in a palan-
of the privileges
customs,
regulated
differentiations
I
caused
the system of
but
imbued
with
appears to me
the Hindus. In their opinion, caste
is not only useless to the
body politic, it is also ridiculous, and even calculated to bring
trouble
sciences
of
civilization
whilst
the Hindus,
of men who
past
and
good by the purifying
they not
glance at neighbouring
same
effect
for any person
probably
the
only
if
they
were
not
kept
within
the
—which,
by
'
—
left
to
them-
selves
of
cannibals
the various
ancient
be
recognized that they
were dealing with
by
which
could not
and being anxious
not
not some religious prin-
the shape of
where
say that I
tion of all
this reason that
the
best
special
quarter
where
the
the racial
result of his policy
Romans, once
and
Those
who
preserve
order.
classification amongst the
Hindus has achieved.
individual members
members
Discours
are
honoured
Dubois.
as
 
accor-
dance
with
which
ever in
suppresses
barbarism.
It
inculcate in
and
the
most
part
frivolous,
suffered
by
some
at
as
much
as
than he is at
palace,
and
there
confined
reward. Under
surprising
only reason
Hindus,
and
are
paid
according
to
their
merit,
it
is
home.
Their
than
their
muslins,
simple manner.
to
contain
them,
foreign institutions
has never
Above
all,
and
before
The story
a man
caste and
passed on his daughter.
the
arms
had
of
punish-
ment
shaving
public
streets
mounted
on
 
such
Degradation
latter are
them
the intricacies of
the matters in
to the
society.
Otherwise
it
matters
those
time
a
offence became
been
the
afterwards,
the
bridegroom
girl,
who
was
very
another
man.
contract
marriage
with
them.
A
Let
war.
They
arrived
hungry
pots to boil it in than some which had been
left in the
Nevertheless, suffering
and scouring
to
the
to a great commotion
upon
to
Asiatic nations,
occasion
in
who
his
It is called sashtanga
the
knees,
the
stomach,
arms must
of different classes performing
offence,
the
cow.
curds,
ghee
(clarified
butter),
often
seen
superstitious
in
vessels
of their
their faces
way is
reinstatement
means,
have
written
about
been
in
says
we find the greatest
of a similar
;
varieties of moral character,
ing to the
Vayu Purana, until
branded
earth
which
said
same
clares
that
between Blirigu and
irascible,
by
state
ness
preserving
for
it
of
his feet.
which
traces
which
undoubtedly
offspring
varying
in
different
parts
certain
classes,
however,
'which the
ticulars which
demonstrate
a
point
to
which
as
extreme,
castes,
benefit,
but
in
return
for
of
India
or a Pariah here, I
should
unhesitatingly
prefer
to
On
',
and more
do
and
forcing
the
he was born to
are
migrated
the
soil
on
their
own
account,
who
to
live
on
sufficient to satisfy
their
own
masters,
even
their
footprints,
but
to
who
had
the
or
purposely,
by
person whatsoever until he
is not no circumstances
of Pariah huts"),
to
put
but one foot
The
lose, they gave themselves
separation
as at
outside
and
beyond
it,
class
of
agricultural
labourers.
children.
because
no
native
of
any
one
consent
people
amongst
status of the people by whom
they
on
the
to
enter
a
service
a
leather
from
are
unable
to
endure.
Under
other
service
in
the
and children,
village
the
south
by
addi-
tion to the dirty work above mentioned, they are employed
in
letting
who
and feed
cattle ; others
Native
armies,
their
lawlessness
the
least
for-
vice
selves usually with
which
they
more
spirituous.
imbibe
more
women
smell,
they
will
the
spoil
with
dogs,
animals.
of
disease
is
they may
carcases
of
animals
Pariah
disciplined, espe-
? Can
they
be
excess
of
the
serfs
often
devastated
time
those who
down
to
their
descendants.
Here
the
Pariahs are serfs
work will
sell their
only
that
is
estate. Here he
their
that they
beyond
much
better
than
of
that
in his
been obliged
called
in
to
low
pillow.
tied
round
the
loins,
on the
be
this sad
my
body
covered
in
that
them-
selves
;
and pleasures
contemplate
this
harrowing
how
much
more
gratefully
that
Providence
has
assigned
to
them
years that
all
over
the
Peninsula,
there
are
in
certain
provinces
other
Left-hand faction,
wherever
for
some
of
them,
and
keeps
off
the
rain,
though
world.
The
Chucklers,
or
of
fact,
lower grade
debauchery.
Their
which
result
time
in
of
this
wretched
easily imagined. The very Pariahs
refuse
to
There is one class amongst the Pariahs which rules all
the
keep
them-
they
other
prophecies
with any-
thing pertaining
trifle higher
their express
permission. Their
of
that they
their razor
same here
extreme
filthiness
the
Jews,
for
is caused
and the liberal arts, such as
music,
painting,
and
level,
which are left entirely
disfavour
a
pro-
instruments,
is
left
exclusively,
to
are quite satisfied
figures painted in
if they are uncoloured,
listening
to
music,
and
introduce
it
it must
cians,
though
they
'
were
'
not
appreciate
them.
airs,
which
possess
no
instruments,
they
trumpets.
Their
vocal
music,
too,
is
once
means
the
fact, you
would
be
with
its
afford
themselves
this
pleasure.
The
cithara
swell
bamboo, and other
households. They
abode;
The
of the
pay
to learn
and
holds
out
or
evil
spirits,
the most
who
is
consulting
good
found
world.
were
The Kuraver
this tribe
known
the
dodges
the act,
heads
be
entered
with
minutes
strip
them
F
3
r
that would make too
to
be
surprised,
the
Kalla-
villains are,
countenance
that
they
steal
an understanding could not
their noc-
turnal raids;
they share,
despoil the
officers' baggage,
spike the
pilfer
for
the
benefit
of
their master, and also to report on the proceedings of the
rulers.
The
minor
employ
a
purposes.
in
consideration
of
committed
by
insured
Kanojis,
others.
the country,
the best
or Brinjaris. No one knows
the
origin
of
this
also
from all the other castes of
Hindus. Certain points of
that they
instance, and have
inherited from them
their propensities for
on
them
in
several
districts
have
no
restraining
other inducements
convey
; but at the
of coming trouble,
to
first moment of confusion of any opportunity for pillaging. In
fact, the
unfortunate inhabitants
trusting them.
much
addicted
to
incontinency
; and
they
still
more
atrocious
crime
of
this
person
they
meet.
some
lonely
spot,
dough made of
one
of
water
Wuddars,
repair
despised. The
Carnatic, another
caste of
hundred and fifty years ago,
and
like
impossible to
occupation.
of
their
headmen
was
to avenge themselves
still.
From
that
time
to
These they
the
little
money
with
the
bare necessaries of life. They lead for the most part
a
pas-
toral
three or four feet
them. Besides
their mat
preparing and
cooking their
them
carry
themselves.
and
shoulders
; on her
following her came
chattels.
which many
each
caste
are
elected
They
are
com-
inissioned,
during
prince
to
to the kind
vulgar
vices
to
which
they
eat indis-
The
majority
they
them.
However,
in
spite
lead a wretched
boards and trestles
for their stage
tricks
care
to excite the snake
times
through
a
possessors of
the secret
obstinacy of a
their reward
with the
snakes in the
shall
and other
plants that
known
by
the
generic
a year or
with a sharp piece of wood hardened
in
the
fire.
on these they
keep them at
mischievous
suspect
a
Kadu-Kurumbar
of
to death.
weather
they
At
beasts.
The poor wretches wear
enough
to
natural products of
find on the rugged rocks
or in
with the
of
houses.
tobacco to
elephants,
and
the women
obliged to
scour the
day's
which they
put a
their
infants
of
which
they
drink,
The women only wear
of these
can
equal
They
are
horrified
at
or immodesty,
their
women
of their caste.
to wear
that
if
they
had
be allowed
than
be allowed
is akin to the Pariah caste, and is
composed of
that they never
even think of
small luxuries which
and pepper
part
to
flight
a
whole
community.
No
doubt
the
be
or
in
dens
fear
latter
any
intercourse
with
him,
to
rob
them
be condemned
have similar
and honey, where
diamond
accepted
day
; and
have
dared
all the
not been,
cloths,
and
Manchester,
man.
Such
of
who
a
As regards the condition
with it if
towns, more
dispose
comfort
prevailing
there.
It
amongst the people.
the
following
below the value
all
the
Chucklers
of
the
population.
other castes,
to buy
they are
four
to
Married
servants
who
'
;
wives and
actual
want,
find
leaves,
any
kind
of
condiment ;
for the
greater part
people
who
lend
them
on
the
original
in
a
state
of
are carriers
to the
wage, and,
would,
labourer is often
his lot is no better, perhaps even worse,
than
them
the
'
and
cattle,
which
are
state of misery in
of
to twenty
in the
taxes, and
day
driven
with
which
they
make
afterwards come
measures
of
corn
period
I
of even
various
is
the Divu-
then,
from
an
unwonted
of a
to the
end of
mouth.
Some
of
them
borrow
leaves, bamboo shoots,
them
. of
the
inhabitants
have
grain
to
of
to want during
able herds
which can
assigned
to
crops produce does not last long,
and the
four months
in
villages
where
they
loans
are
effected.
larger, more comfortable,
and slightly cleaner
preceding
classes.
But
even
their
their
goats
and
they
are
able
to
a
the year,
meet matrimonial expenses. Neverthe-
numbers
of
below
of
food.
A
pound
a
and reduced
An
j
idle
Hindu
invariably
man who
'
petty magistrates,
would mean the
new and detested
ditary
position,
or
any
justification,
to
such
native
the flight of
The Sudra headmen of
proud,
intolerant,
they
which
degrees
of
civilization
in
at a
independent.
As
better-educated,
classes. Most
plainly enough the privations and sufferings of their lot.
Just
the
class.
In the fifth class I should include all those whose property
varies in value from £ioo to £200 sterling. It comprises
about
one-thirtieth
of
the
whole
among
the
Sudras.
Agriculture,
They
daily
ablutions,
clean by
this class
The
them
The
Their
more than this
for commercial
in
ment. Properties valued at five to ten
thousand
pagodas
are
lished between properties in India and properties in Great
Britain
is
observable
is nothing
Sudras.
The
latter
to spend it
nouveaux riches. In time they
become
as
Brahmin,
gratification
of
sons
from their
lavishing
on
him
praise
of
as
compared
did before
are
practically
where
they
amelioration in the con-
position
the
actually
condition
of
the
people
themselves
imply
that
the
lowest
classes
observation
will
reveal
an
increase
of
misery
the
poorer
Christian
populations
vinced
tranquillity,
place at an
encouraged.
feels. All over India it
is enough
for a
cook, pojund
would even
appear displeasing
No Hindu would
improved
been reversed,
thousands
Hindus
have
sunk
millions
vast plains are
India,
fields still lie
unreclaimed, it is due to the hopeless sterility of the
soil, which,
for his
possess.
that we can really
very much improve the
have
always
I
new
continue to grovel
have to
their
civilization,
upheaval,
we
might
then
perhaps
offer
them
out
of
the
depths
had plunged
polity,
should
Hindus
and
the
varied
bind
them
together,
exclaim
in
Europe?
Come
and
at
least
let
us
continue-
human
effort
will
bring
about,
would
reduce
the
day when the
any
of
the
moreim^
be the
last of
subject,
knows
anything
about
this
Brahma's.
as
a
Sudra.
he
is
him to the
famous Penitents,
term
by
having
Brahmins
by
the
investiture
of
or Munis, of
them
in
several
places.
embark
thereby
saved
them
account for
,
is
Greeks
and
Romans
consecrated
the Rishis
were originally
if nothing
should
materials
which
admitted
that
India
it was
assigns
to
one
an
empire
believe in
life within reach of India,
gives some
exists
descendants
 
the
same
precise
geographical science
distant
northern
regions,
and
they
descendants
of
Hindus
as
to
cradle of
disperse
Europe. Some of
country
they
by
the
Scriptures
or
by
the
pretend to much
out verbatim
Any one
believing in
Gog
or
Magog
of
the
Brahmins.
Learned
According
to
the
Greeks
a son
enterprise irritated
and
thereby
put
the
son
one
and
the
same
some of their tongues. All
these
is supposed to have
body. Brahma was also
the
This pretension
to be
therefore
a
descendants
reign
on
earth.
authorities
ancient
was
going
of
those
times
differed
essentially
There are
their own subjects.
live in retired places,
man ; and
natives
belonging
to
of
these
in their
and all
which
fables
their traditions
It
was
when
this
came
to
pass
that
embracing
from the
reigned supreme
case,
as
from Siam in
Corea, and in most of the kingdoms beyond the Ganges,
j
Buddhism
to
them
by
pontiff, is still beyond
by
order
of
the
Chinese
Govern-
ment
is
one-half
'
this child is
is
their
doctrines.
the
bloody
war
the
latter
were
which
ancient
mutually
accuses
either
divide them,
from
the
same
source.
doctrine
of
allegorical emblems invented to
help them to remember
of
the
religious
services
and
Jains
on
able
to
distinguishable.
Brahmins
of
which
there
are
Brahmins
who
are
sacrifice
offered
accounts for the
distinctions,
or
to
surprising,
considering
at
the
more
whose jurisdiction
of
at
marks
branded
to
the
base
of
the
nose.
There
who
are
scious of
and decorating the idols,
other living
Skanda-purana,
Padma-purana,
purana,
Bhagavata,
perhaps on
be left
con-
them
who eat fish
touch meat.
make no
secret of
though
I can hardly believe it, that such conduct does not lessen
the
and
their
ways
become
known,
dealings with them. I
the
Do
the
to the
whole caste ?
Shat Mata
of
as calm
As a general
a
great
Hindu
worship,
the
namam
on
thus forming
a sign
with
round
the
containing
it
rests
a dis-
of
way of showing their
kind.
On
their
breasts
they
wear
metal
containing
right,
and
even
an
of their
in
one
party.
various villages
travelling
numbers, though
they never
and
often
their sangus all
all the household utensils, and damage everything they can find.
These religious mendicants generally pursue their begging
to
an
Their songs
latter are
causes the
the
difference
intoxicating
can
laid
to
their
charge,
abominable rite
Vishnu
sequences very unpleasant, and he
would only
which
grave
felt
to
serious affair;
for it
an
offence
as
renders
the
pavadam
to assemble,
is
Vishnavites.
blood flows, and the
been erected
for the
Vishnu-bhaktas group
does
of him
time
the
their
until the
offending party
and, paying them part
bring
the
ceremony
of
incision
is
made
in
the
over the
the spectators,
as
numerous
parts
chain
of
half
of
the
Like the
eggs,
do most
Hindus, they
also
other
not recognize,
be
most
to
afford
to
a
Brahmin.
Wherever
is
the
to those
of all
of
the
mutts (monasteries)
or temples,
which usually
sufficient to
maintain them.
lodges
with
honour of receiving
house
he
master and all the
exciting
the
jealousy
become
Vishnavites,
and
latter
tries
preservation
of the universe is entirely due to him, and that to
him Siva
saved him
cannot
deny,
sovereign
the proper object of
tion to
in
fanaticism in
naturally mild and
that these
ancient
Puranas.
One
of
the
Avatars,
or
is the form
son
called
Prahlada,
the
almost
entirely
of
the people,
and their
all oifences which degrade them
in
the
eyes
of
their
noble
confreres.
I doubt whether one could be found anywhere
in
who devote themselves
emblem
their
own
peculiar
customs
and
castes.
A
are
regarded
is
noticeable
participate
and
are
Sivaites.
interests
of
arise
Temporal
of
is
taken
from
tion.
must warn
my readers
it would
virtues were
not unknown
branches
and who has
mountain of sins,
and
performs all the acts
who
Sringeri,
which
are
consecrated
in
Kistna,
the
situated.
He
must
woods, such
for penance
be
one
who
has
(exorcism),
the
Mt'mamsa-sastram
(exegetics,
auxiliaries
of
the
takam
(poetry),
&c.,
vice.'
This
to
maha-
kings
servants.
a charact r for sanctity,
which confers both
both
those
are
accurately
who have
this
disputes,
gurus W\\\
have
been
;
cleansing both soul and body
from
idea. The attendants
Ed.
and
that
his
head
to
stone
absurdities
risk
of
ofdegrading
xxvii)
subject of the blessings and
curses
of
in
were
great.
Ed.
belongs to
Brahmins.
the Peninsula.
Brahmins are
also, as
to one
prasadam
with
them
is
more
correctly
derived
figure of a lion
of the
seat. Ed.
which, he has
of
averting
to keep
their gurus
Besides
giving
them
many
very
valuable
revenues.
palanquin.
Many
verses
in
on
homage and
This
from
the
the Bible
and,
after
Vishnu known
adoration, that are not offered
to-the
gods
themselves.
And
authority
districts
numerous.
is
to
This picture is greatly exaggerated. ficial fee. It has now
come to mean
and
dancing-girls
;
are
Chapter
III.
insults
and
reproaches,
his
face.
If
these
him
to
give
up
one of his children, who is obliged to work without wages
until
him
with
the curse be
that, if it is not absolutely impossible, he submits and
pays
taxes,
a
is evident that the resources
of the
chief
make
a
tour
of
their
in
ten
latter,
customs
to
have
her
as
his
thing.
No
who fancy
that gurus
are not
made of
con-
sequently
impeccable,
are
castes,
disciples.
-Ed.
course,
but
prevent
their
enjoying
of
them
high priests,
prasadam
(gift),
to
of the forehead. The
mark of respect by gravely pronouncing
the
word
the Siva
to
worship.'
The
ceremony. They solemnly pour
water over the feet
of it over
of respect
paying.
A
piece
at
a Vishnavite
the tributes and
them
power
to
impose
fines
on
evil-doers.
employ
they
adhered
to
linga-basavis,
or
women
of
the
Hngant,
and
To settle
to
begin
; to avert,
by mantrams
and suitable
of
unclean
their
wells, and tanks ; to
consecrate
particular
Brahmin
purohitas,
ceremonies
on
these
occasions
are
so
numerous
and
only
to
the
which
they
formulas
by
heart,
and
thus
they
descend
from
generation
to
generation
in
,
in
He
presides
persons
of
if that be
or more
his state
is written
in the
large
temples
four
are
numberless
other
Siva
suited
by
his
constituents,
from
time
be most
plentiful. He
or
dry,
and
whether
or
will
very first
to have
spirit can be
exorcised.
They
destruction to a whole
gods, or gods
ventured
upon
any
familiarities
of his life, unless
one day
; these
crows
being
five letters.
gods
always repeat it in a low voice, and take the
greatest
when she is in
names is
Each
crime and the most
of the
of
this
English
(the
either
light
; and
ignorance.
Ed.
large number
who is accused of
from
is
near me, and
fellow
affair,
had been
radical
letters
; such,
hroum, hraha, &c. To
those who have the
they
can
perform.
The
following
other Castes.
and
inclina-
impose
This method
of mental
remember
that
there
are
who is
a
hundred
years
of
the
gods'
that
four
shape
in
realized
are fourteen
is
continent
oiJambu-Dwipa,vvh.e.re.
it
Mahameru which faces
moon's pathway,
cycle in
is
performing
the
sam-kalpa.
15.
He
to
their
names.
16.
He
a
name.
He
must
pronounce
is in the ascendant
each
with
its
the
star.
19.
formality
must
be
Brahmin
for grand
the
and
the
small.
The
great
of cooked rice,
to
them.
Arti
if
they
dared
to
appear
they
would
eye and any
from the
is
performed
daily,
positions
have
been
or
do nothing
dancing-
twice daily
when these idols
aside
gods are as
horses,
time
of
the
on
the
triumphal
only
animate
are
equally
susceptible
are under cultiva-
be
prevent their
otherwise would certainly be affected
by the evil influence.
is
considered
good
manners
to
giants, evil
to bring
of
or
seven
stalks
of
darbha
pavitram ;
possesses
by
the
vaja-peya,
the
garbha-dana,
Vana-prastha, and Sannyasi (vide
by which the sacred
it
with
water.
seats
him-
self
rice
with
mango
the copper
and betel. They
the Ganges. Finally
and
for
neiveddya
purified
These five little
pancha-gavia, and they meditate for
some
time
an
seat or throne.
They then offer
a little
is
to
offer them flowers, incense,
as
neiveddya,
and
drink
you.
puja,
!
present, who
also drink
ceremony. Betel is then
There
is
also
less
efficacious.
is
duty
principal ingredients required
dilute
the
cow-dung
with
water
and
make
over
the
houses
rubbed
over
the houses
vermin which
rule
sufficiently
spacious,
or
in
—Ceremonies
the
day,
And
to
confined,
the
a
Brahmin
holding the child
her
husband
by
the
centre
of
the
purohita
then
the father
apart and
The house having
his relatives
to fire
this rice the day of the moon, the name of
the day, that of the
constellation under which the child
was born,
the
presiding
purohita,
and
then
has been prepared.
ceremony
for
forty
days
flams'^, or wreaths of mango leaves,
some
of which are also
hung over the entrance door of the house, the inside of which
has
by her husband, seats herself beside
him
on
the
betel
a
portion
of
set apart
one
sugar,
and
the dish,
all
together
to
child grow, to give
singing,
to
the
while
a
third
down its throat.
the
Then
they
sit
and sundry other parts of his body with powdered sandalwood
and akshatas, deck
necklace of coral
bracelets to
match on
his wrists.
thus
front of the child
vegetable shaped something like a fig, any one, consists in
putting the razor
barber. Then
the size
of the
has been
mystery.
I
think
to
give
;
has
to
that
time called Brahmachari.
decides
to
hve
of
life
considered
',
by
nine
threads.
carded
and
After
have
nine
great deeds possess the right to wear the cordon of
the knightly
the ceremony entails
go
making such
which means
is
thus
many
other
instances,
is
evidently
It
symbolizes
the
control
rather
wears
be given
as presents
days that
the
guests
have
arrived
of
lighted
lamp.
He
is
of
^
^
The
millet-grass,
Panicum
daciylon.
—Ed.
be
invoked,
his
worshippers
head
to
disturb
and more costly;
the
seat themselves
the rice
helping
every-
thing
with
amongst them. Each
leaf,
or
betel
and
areca-nut
The following
The guests
His loins
are girt
either a new one,
while.
Dubois.
common
practice
amongst
the
people
of the nine
if,
from
were to
instruments of
river.
On
which
divinity,
to
whom
the
women
promptly
lamp,
e.
the
new
the
solemn progress round the village, under a kind of canopy.
On
vessel,
and,
with
the
assistance
of
some
some mould from ant-heaps
with
milk and water,
five
pots,
of
saffron-coloured
the neophyte. A
fingers
and
toes
to
by
the
sins committed through
youthful ignorance since
round
A muduga
on.
After
his
with
in
his
son's
which
it is fitting for him to know.
It
is only
one God,
be revealed to the
mantrams, on the head
perform the ceremony of aratti. Betel
is afterwards
served out
on
a
particularly
once
the pan
vigour.
The young Brah-
min, standing over the coals, offers for the first time in
his
with
the
cord,
performs specially to
they
all
separate.
On
again, and for
The ceremonial ofthe fourth
and last day has
and fetch the
newly
initiated
member,
who,
performs
homam
deified vessel
thread
wrist
of
with
are
then
sprinkled
with
the
ceremonial
water
Then
go
which
are
pillars
politely invited
that is
to say,
of the
is
dismissed.
the feast, the new
principal
guests
in
succession,
and
of cloth, the
men and
the ceremony of
Castes
171
and
mentioning,
is
strictly
obli-
gatory.
ancient
superstitions.
Some
other
Jains,
the
Kshatriyas
or
Rajahs,
a
Brahmin
a great feast
he
amongst
to
abase
himself
before
these
they were looked
some
for the
prescribed
ceremonies
details. Suffice
upon as a time of
study,
of
wealthy to be
arithmetic
in
its
elementary
most absolute
teachers
cunning
and
deceit ^,
'
deliberately
inculcated.
Ed.
is
and
decorous
a
(4)
to
(5)
to
to those
Brahmins who
as even to read
these
sacred
books
would
be
books
to
the
eyes
held
Brahma
Brahmins. Sumantu,
the first
Brahmins make such
such high
the
of course,
had been
by
heart
It
find them-
twenty
thousand
could
The original
confounded
with
the
known
under
—the
that the most learned
have a considerable
and recite
the
Vedas
merit.
And I
a similar honour
and
fourth
Brahminical
totally different.
Every Brahmin
It
is
a
This sacrifice is
wood, gathered from one of the seven sacred
trees, and
; these
offerings
the
rest
They are
various forms
is their
The Brahmins
all the
very unlike
who
as
none of
a house
ventures to
his own
a
universal
principle to enunciate,
not fail
'
life to eat
'it
faith
with
them,
the filthy
juice of
the palm
Brahmins,
as
houses
many districts
to
the making
&c., and
march,
or
often
than
not
labour,
of
the
often
obliged,
'
enjoy grants
to
other
native
to
a
avarice, or because
they are afraid
torture,
even
death
itself,
rather
than
no
lies,
Such conduct
can excite
hesitate
teach
Purification.
produces
one would
have
happened
a
hundred
miles
however,
are
not
contaminated
thereby.
even
with
time
being
unclean
nor
any
clothes,
and
still
less
over her
in
a dead man
Atonement,
were
cast
into
a
vessel
directions
the
inasmuch
as
the
washer-
them anew. The
same thing happens
purify
themselves
that
they
are
completely
minutely
observed
by others
who think
it only
purified
Washing will
purify the
latter, but
should the
of the
inside,
which,
Brahmins
at
meals.
the man's
to escape
sorts, in
home.
These
are
that
are
carefully
cover
is
that
a
a
rag,
or any
'
sit ; others use
any
the place has
silence, and conversation only
Nothing
contains
water.
Hindus
drink
and
eating
great
care
continuing
his
meal
a fresh
makes Hindus
with a
ever-recurring
fear
nor
not
dogs. Rice
that is
use
of
spoons
with saliva
of
wafer,
which
he
moistened
tip
of
his
to lose any advantage he might have gained from this
letter
of
recommendation,
their
movements,
and
dog really does touch them, they are obliged to hurry
off
and
said
the
place
where
water
or
to
the Holy
supreme.
A
Brahmin
rarely
passes
a
day
without
bathing
at
least
once\
while
those
attention to their
natives
to
from
it
by
rubbing
and
finally
over from head
to
ground
skin,
can only be got
of
prin-
the
Indian
;
since
been
in the
elaborate and expensive ceremonies.
of native
to approach
draw
water
from
the
prepare and sell
have
called arrack is
to
only Pariahs and
strict privacy,
they
should
their poison-
the
peace
and
excessive
delicacy
extended
also
to
their
for the wives of
this
any
excessive precautions. They are
cluded, but also
food,
con-
trary,
avoided, but I have never been able to extract any
other
answer
and
rule
to
of abstinence is
fact
proves
what
a
nation; they are most
to
most
pressing
neces-
the Flood, and it
impose similar
eat meat openly;
to
sanctas
some
People who abstain entirely
a
peculiar
custom
would be
it is now
solely on the
the character of
of
animals
which
die
and long-
and
cows
without
exciting
to
indolent
worshipped
as
for their
by
all
the
crimes.
Who-
to
death.
A
Roman
soldier
was
torn
pieces
by
The re-
with
his
secret
propaganda rilege
would
share
recently,
plaint,
they
indignation
that
to
by heathen princes
act
hold sway.
To purify
have been contracted
the performance
can
never
quite
chapter.
Forgiveness.
—Conjectures
books,
is
also sometimes
soul proceeds
from sin, which is caused by perversity of the will. One Hindu
poet,
effort
deep shadows
any
rate
soul and
in
Tan-
once
in
twelve
years
efficacious every three
sacred
tanks.
for
sanctifying
waters,
spot
by
enormous
crowds
propitious
moment
to
plunge
the water,
several are
go straight to
possible, but
cleansing the
soul from
all defile-
equinoxes,
at
the
or on the
off) is
now
a
sanitarium,
the
summer
head- —
Ed.
even in blasphemy, the
for in the
sacred Hindu books.
a former
would
have
been
mortal body
performed
in
conjunction
his
Hindus
any
information
less
on
con-
jecture.
remark,
a
strong
resemblance
to
sacri-
fice,
manded them
copied
them
from
the
former?
I
When
they
strengthened;
and,
beginning
by
purification. They
those
protect
ensue
from
but
it
the unhealthy
to
excessive
perspira-
tion
being fully
being
Sennaar
and
feel that here, even more
than in the country
personal
cleanliness,
must
be
strictly
generation to
at
dogmas
to
that
of
generous hospitality.
Brahmins themselves
have not
their
long
of
all
in
'
'
objected to the use
place where
I was
near
followers were men of good caste.
After
a
your
of my
gestures
and
looks
of
anger
of
purification
calmly that, if his complaints
were well founded, reparation should be made him. But first of
all
he
must
own part that his accuser should be punished. He had,
he
believing him rather
my
servant
nor
pay
compensation
for
an injury which not proved.
As to the order which he had given that I should
leave
his
master of
bound to find me
protestations.
pay
way
of
decided
to
together with my people,
happening
were
demanded,
of
my poor
An
unmarried
may be given
have renounced the world, and
have
chosen
to
lead
a
number
of
ignorant
and
holiness
sense
are
accusing all
by
those
whose
are
talking
about,
that
some
believe
that
corrupt
state
of
do they not prove, as far as one can see,
their wish
of
women.
They
take
vows
of
celibacy.
'
unsuited,
and
on
matter of
could
lished
have not found a husband, they
very rarely keep
Therefore
in
their
husbands'
hands.
form
any man
law and custom, in
fact, as an abuse.
power have always been able to twist the
law in
; and that is
; and that is
—that
is
to
But
even
in
this
and
with
the
consent
One may also
circumstances,
to
give
a
result
is
Bruce,
I
me, this
female
in the families
of some Arab
fundamentally
a
large
number
of
seems
benefit of
divine revelation,
that
this
inhabitants
this objection
amongst
larger
is
upon
looks as on
image,
without
distinction
of
was
common brotherhood, united
common nature and common
believe, from
calling
in
many
sex
over
the
other
never
exceeded
fifteen
pre-
dominated
which
out of
did
not
a woman who
an
alliance
with
any
a
widow
may
be more numerous than the men. But
I reply that the age at which the two
sexes
marry
compensates
older.
as
well
opposed
should form
but one
Census returns.
But the
it the less
human
race,
than
cause,
if
it
has
custom, and
this. The
he had attained the age of
dren at an
thirteen.
and
as
soon
most
strictly
observed
passed the
an
wife,
marry
What is
the result
of this?
The husband
generally dies
long before
would allow
and as by
allowing a
young widow
especially
of
a
Brahmin
strange preference
make such a permission
has
daughters
to
that, at the
dead husbands,
from
marrying
for
the
first
the
term
the
be ridiculous to
do so amongst
the Brahmins, seeing
the age at
do not
is left entirely
his
future
wife.
mother,
who
after
the
signs
of
preliminaries
and
parents,
this can
The
second
way
is
contracting
rich.
The
parents
daughter,
the
to
sum
sues
desire
man
her
dower.
Genesis
xxxiv.
8,
g,
sent
to
xxxi.
15 ;
I
against her
the room in
of night and
into a well. When
young
words
wife,
tion :
the
ill-
be seen together,
particular case which
I think
wife
recourse,
they
go
themselves
young
man's
they
like,
to
spend
as
little
their daughter.
As soon
girl,
and
to
assent,
with
a
great
attention
to
any
a
snake
cross
their path, or a cat, or a jackal, or if they should
happen to see
to do
the
girl's parents
and make
of
sight of one of these
objects
^
All Hindus are full of these super- oxen back to their sheds, and remain
stitions. No
simply because when
purohita
say,
wheat
flour,
liquefied
When
everything
is
to
under
the
is paid to the household gods.
To
this
end
all
to
offers
sandalwood,
akshatas,
flowers,
ought,
the
present then walk round the brazier of hot coal reciting
mantrams, scattering
new
clothes,
the
lamps
are
being
paint with
twigs
offer
is thus
their ablu-
Rudra,
the Siddhas,
great Penitents, the
feast, makes
Then comes the
their fathers
this
rice
their
shells
nuts in
one hand
a loud voice
Each
the copper dish
by
feast, preside at the
areca-nut
which
the purohita.
fire
some
offer-
first
are spread nine
grass and
little
of
ofthe
world,
of
these
on
be
considered
a
the married
he has
committed since
pilgrimage
the
east.
But
He tells
wedlock.
returns with
return
having
dish
two
handfuls
implored to
been accomplished.
The bridegroom
wrist, who in her
Then follows
the procession
women and the
contained in the
on the ground,
time without
time
with
water,
while
great-grand-
father.
betel
the
go-dana,
small
stones,
to
which
they
attach
a
superstitious
value,
Rukmani,
on the
gold
ornament
which
all
married
women
wear
cord
twisted
in
laid
a cocoanut dyed yellow,
and on the top of the cocoanut the tali, to which they
offer
a
tali
is
then
bless
it
four
wicks,
are
brought
in
of the same metal.
of a paste com-
be
extracted
neck,
securing
it
with
three
knots.
The
by
'
brazier, and the puro-
darbha
by
lighted
lamps,
wood oil. Then
makes
with
same
North
wood stone.
finished,
two
bamboos
are
fandal
of each of
handfuls
they
continue
to
told
husband
throws
over
his
right
shoulder
then
of
cups,
one
containing
melted
pickles. Bananas, jack,
whole
they
are
sitting.
and make
pandal
is
spread
a
large
of its four corners are placed
four
lamps
with
different viands
butter
same
leaf
most
complete
friendship that
 
on
but
wedding-day.
Their
meal
outside,
out
wife
make a deep reverence
the same procession
I will spare my readers the details
of the
as a
These ceremonies
one of
the most
bassinam,
covered with gold-leaf or gold paper, and flowers are entwined
round
it.
by
most
con-
spicuous
supposed to attract the
place
on
the
third
day
there
is
a
of the homam and another to fire, and after him
his
occasion
on
which
a
woman
I do
is
the
object
of
marriage
ceremonies
to
make
secure.
those
the wrists
The newly
than adorned,
advances slowly.
fruits, sugar,
pro-
cessions
perhaps not
or
less
magnificence
Sudras'
upon
as
expensive one, and brings many a Hindu to ruin. Some
spend
on
; while
others,
and
is the
at
the
first
wedding.
house. These
the
happy
under-
standing
finding
herself
ill-treated
she consents to
her to escape
she
gives
up
woman
is
be
panion who
her
as
bed
and
board.
women
not
Brahmins who
a
bride
her, the
is
is
set
the house, seven,
the centre
pandal
during
as the
intervals,
always
accompanied
by
the
same
festivi-
ties,
of earthen cooking-pots
the marriage begins by
breaking one or more
newly married
Rajahs, the ceremonial
people
the family who
by instruments
of music.
in the most
humiliating
pro-
conducts
her
to
his
home
in
triumph,
author, is the most
case of a
amongst the Rajah
or
who
places
or
after
quarter.
In
give
retreating
for
a Kshatriya, the one he should wish for most, is to
die sword
happi-
'.
possess.
enough. All his
tending
;
in
them,
and
Dhanur-
veda
and
Humane and generous, he
from
chutrams
subjects
rightfully
belongs
to
to model his
to
this
of a son.
following
by
your
wise
advice
that
I
and perils
Being,
and
say
some time,
really
Brahma.
After
this
he
addresses
Vishnu
thus
of the universe,
to
the
day,
be done zealously
of
nature,
and
the
the
should
be
at
are
of a
river, pond,
or well
by
the
public
new
or
newly
washed
cloth.
V.
He
cord over
his left
VI. He
only half
do
so
VII. While
in this
the
stars,
his
a
of
a
nation
is
not
this
and hands on
the water contained in the chembu which he brought. Then,
taking the
XIV.
Arrived
at
with
XV.
with the
kinds
from cattle
;
he
will
approach
go
same
way,
taking
great
he
will
answering
strictly
be
caste. The
upon by all Hindus,
to believe
be a libel
wash
water only.
the
other
side,
so
are given by the author.
bitter sarcasm
"
and blow one's
wipe them
out
after every action which is calcu- is Very general, not onlyamongst Brah-
lated to cause
rule istorinse
bit of
woods
cleanse my
he
scrubs
the
moon,
day
he
which
correspond
with his bit
tree
may only
clean his
sun
reaches
those
who
are
neglectful
of
this
cus-
He then thinks
prayer
to
Siva's hair, from
to
purify
them
and
promote
their
happiness !
support of all living
Then
plunging
into
the
water,
he
fixes
up
of
cow-dung
or
tiloki
according
caste. He ends
or else a
of
pouring water
on the
of the
general,
a
addresses the
at your
everything that takes
the world, the measurer
the ayanas,
who pray to
mountain
performing
to
you
the
ceremony
of
the
fourteen,
twenty-
twenty-eight,
&c.,
necessary for
gods. Everything
god to whom
a
turning
of which
repeats
the
he
closes
both
nostrils,
repeats
the
thinks of
burned.
He
procure
them
for
him.
He
diffuses
resuscitated.
XI.
the
new
and
perfectly
pure
body
which
he
has
most
carefully put on
ancestors
a
small
portion
of
with
a
thin
of the
he
is
mouth,
saying
throat
1
most minute attention
the most laudable
who is eating,
meals
in
rest-housesj
her
part,
eating, and
came
simply putting
Brahmin, being
which he
wards
off
into his
to
not
to
XX. On his
the hari-smarana,
names
aloud.
XXI.
leaves.
XXII.
takes
left ear
this position squats down
himself
home,
the
place
where
he
is
going
to
sleep
by
be
overlooked
dedicated to evil spirits, under
the
any spot that
twice,
and
then
lying
keswara,
he
bears the name
those
body as
they are
the
Ditis
who
hands
by
neck a
Siddha
Vatu,
and
the
rest
of
my
body
of
all
the
gods
preserve
me
from
happen to be
watch over my
takes
particularly when
Brahmin
the
sun.
He
begins
of
approach
! at the time
sprinkles
earth.
After
that
he
time
closing
his
nostril
with
these
words
there
a
long
time.'
is
seated
on
four
faces
and
two
arms,
his
hand,
riding
all the
as an
sun.)
'
&c.,
to
you
I
offer
adoration.'
This
the sins contained in
the
he addresses
stay
there
a
in one
rides on the
of him as omnipresent
blotted out.
!
god
is
white ;
he
is a
;
forgiven, and
thought, word,
I have committed against
seducing another
re-
ceiving
presents from a man of low caste, in a word, all sins of
any kind
by
night
after his
To
the
hollow
of
to
his
mouth.
He
with the back of
above
his head he lets fall a few drops of water on
it,
and
He
draws
He
must
then
with the words
cited
above.
Water
should
as
such
adoration
is
cannot
perform
one's
remission of sin.
his
nostrils,
the
is crushed under the
tiptoe.
and to
possible,
he
recites
the
You who are
of three letters
who are the
be purified
from all
is to
picture
mantram, hvX
gayatri.
to ten thousand
than eight times.
:
you
who
Grant that I may
and that after
savitur varenyam
forms oigayatri,
!
upon,
meaningless
of water,
saying
Venus
Burn
my
enemies,
!
countenance is
and says to him
!
:
'
;
are
he
turns
on the beauties of
men and
Brahma with
the four
faces, and
Then, closing
up both
which
I
or
than
water.
to
the
murder
further
grass, and sprinkles some drops of
water
on
his
water
by
reciting
over
it
—
'
I may
&c., and so
on as before.
—
!
on
:
tection that
by your care all
puja
derives
Swarga;
that
snakes
into
the
bowels
of
the
earth,
and
float
in
the
vyahriti
;
! I have
to
her
night
vation
of
mankind
all
the
;
destroy
everything.
Happiness
you
who
make
up
your
abode
emblem
number
Thus for
a thousand
gift of knowledge
after
death.
and
hereby
new
and
one has
or one of his children;
if
his
gums
bleeding,
or
in
an
unpardonable
sin
he would lose all his
possessions
and
are the preserver of aU
that
exists;
destroy
my
in the
besides,
achamania as at the
:
'
crushes
at
once
and distorted
depends
the
happiness
of
imagination
that
the
Sama-Veda
virgin,
betray
a
head
of
the
you, or
to
:
'
of night,
take me
same
number
of
times
as
himself beyond the
from
the
cares
and
dangers
in
the
so
degraded
Sudras.
Whoever
infernal
them
beware
superexcellent,
but
it
must
was Brahma
Though
are
the
extravagant
absurdities
to
which
they
been lost.
of what
undoubted
of performing.
there
are
castes
details
in
man gave
Purohita-
AsramazKarma,
exactly the
'
different,
with
Oil.
Scrupulous Observance
often prolonged
not
held
he is
drink.
The
days
fast-days,
as
also
the
tenth,
eleventh,
at all
says of this
tainly be applied
^
strict
same
by
old
dread
of
defilement,
Brahmins
and
continual
Brahmins
ob-
unlucky
the origin and particulars
Siva, and not
wife
Rukmani,
Satya
Bhama,
process may
personal attractions; if
precautions ^
perform
food.
Neither
for from
hair
quantity
they
eat
part of the
certain
can Europeans
give way to
them,
is
by
is absolutely
swallow a
to
question that
feast is,
and so
Hindu
that
the
authors
life
consider
most
in
with
Brahmins
and
to
usages
with
the
as
Rajahs,
marriage,
the
birth
ensure
of
drought,
&c.,
'.
Brahmins
who
and women, from seven or eight
miles round, flock
appetite
well
calcu-
not
imagine
how
two
other's
thought
'
effect
that
to eat
prostrates
himself
humbly
money,
all
a way flatterers
thing
of
those
to
whom
tributes
to
undoubted
merit,
uneducated
feasts amongst
usually ends in
houses
frequented
by
the
differences until
Every
a good fight and
when the meal is
„
time
dispute
at the top of their voices, without listening
to
a
word
disgusting accusations
at one
another, mixed
with horrible
blood rises, and the quarrel waxes warmer and warmer. They
proceed to threatening gestures and rush towards
each other,
generally
knowing
calm
down
final decision
The
go
not a
in
a
the
bride's
over
They
complain
bitterly
that
their due
by
a
when a is given amongst the various Sudra classes. The
quality of the food, the
method
long since
been settled
of
which
would
entail
or
forgiven.
The
I was once in
or gardener caste was
a small stone
mouth on to his plate, found the tiny stone, and
placing it
thus
'
of
rice
person
present.
unfinished,
punishment that should
be inflicted for
mulcted
provide
another
feast
on
twice
as
sumptuous
be
sums for the
nicely
Hence the
fastidious
and
too
candid
friends.
Intoxicating
Brahmins.
—Occult
Rites.
—The
Disgusting
Rite
It
is
Brahmin
to
us
flesh
taste,
we
feel
a
strong
repugnance.
imagination
up
for
feeling
use of intoxicating beverages—an aversion to which I have
several times had
quite so strict
gurus. A
Tanjore,
of the neighbourhood,
which
he
was
obliged
to
jecture, without
illicit pleasures are
has
to
partake
in
liquors nor
became so
their
hosts
to
committing
a
threefold
obliged
alterca-
tion
the
Sudra
woman
fled
detection. At the same
unheard-of thing to see
levelled
at
a very small number of men of low reputation, who have
lost all
the shafts of
of
their
if
to
heavy
fine
the
offence is a very grave one, he is put out of caste. Never-
theless,
the
But
eaten animal
to be accused,
are
quite
or
even
more
so
of
mutton.
see
several
while
there
are others not less to blame on this score who have not
dared
in
would
be,
and
mad ? Turn him
out of the
more
of
him.'
If
these
after
all,
only
weaknesses
that
men
calling
themselves
Vishnavite
Brahmin,
and
for
diabolical
eating and
provision is
is
of
worship
round,
grossest immorality without
they are
form
the sacrifice to sakti are a large vessel full of native rum and
a full-grown girl. The
is
abode in
in
sandalwood,
two objects
been taken from another's,
the
exer-
cises.
They
their
ancestors,
a
attention
to
Vedas
and
ambi-
to the
rulers rarely
of
increasing
their
giving
new
zest
to
excite
their
senses.
Only
flatterers
of
always
ready
to
upon them,
sary
govern without their
assistance. The Mahomedan
and writers to
VVhen
it
the people
or extorting
to
torture.
But
they
certain.
They
in
their
servants of such masters,
fruit
of
in some secret
beyond the tyrant's
work their
way into
favour with
it
is
nearly
always
is especially difficult to do without their assistance in all
matters
have
a
remarkable
talent
for
fraction, long and
opinion
and
guided, to say nothing
glory
in
the
hands
officials
than restore one farthing of their ill-gotten gains.
One can
lose
sight
of
at
their
con-
vinced
as
they
Brahmins
considerable
success.
qualities.
Brahmins
who
con-
sidered
excellent
men
account
of
to be met with
Brahmins
they
revenue,
custom-house
very highly, because custom-
that they carry
it travel almost free
and the
the
which
are
very
derogatory
to
attached to
persons
to
of livelihood. An illness,
omen,
their
credulous
neighbours
Brahmins
gravity; and
of the Christian
reasonable and true, it
ridiculous.'
'That
also
the people
never
find
Brahmins
is
their
religion.
miles
from
to be
country
and
to
smallest
amount
speaking of their
When they
are dis-
grossest
and
Brahmins,
who
enter
enshrined
in
them.
Indeed,
particular
places
to
quarrel
performing their
of
fact,
amount
of
who do
at
heart
conscious
in
said.
Many
Brahmins
very
forth
either
vocabulary in curses and
being,
a
taken into in
to display outward respect
who is the
excludes all
countless number
It follows, therefore,
greatest
and
most
important
of
truths
from
never 'dared
a false and dissolute religion, and who also, like Socrates,
believed in the true God,
said
knew and believed in
there
Revelation had not yet
Jerusalem.
would have
had
fallen
the
high
estimation
in
which
easily, if they
and
which
they
call
Anantaveda,
should be
its
sublimely
that
the
bad
conduct of the latter. How could the Hindus think well of
this
holy religion, when they see those who have been brought
up in it,
where it
often making its
and silly
note
believe
observes it
it.
contrast
303
might
take
clothing,
food,
conversation,
perseverance
had
succeeded
in
gaining
a
disinterestedness,
what
Nobilibus,
of the Mission
at
the
beginning
of
the
last
century,
gained the
laboured
the Hindus.
The French
making
of a
years
very
few
converts
fellows
of
crowd had
The law now recognizes a c n- but he ascribes
to
Brahminical
in-
than to Anglo- Indian
my leisure.
me
to
to my
When
the necessary
the
country.
But
and what I
principles to avoid and
him.
Being
fully
of
their
own
manners
and
real
civilization.
prejudices
have
always
in
yet, in
fierce conquerors,
oppressors. Ten
conquerors have
Mahomedans
have
perhaps the time
As a
their
pride
and
what his
perfect
of
all
created
mankind are infinitely beneath
their
hands
useful
overcome
to establish such relations
sacred
sees them with
relations
with
these
disposed
disgusting
of
to be but once
their
with
their
husbands,
with
them
to whom it is inconceivable
that any woman, unless she be
a
a
prostitute,
in shape
of
animals
touch these
sketch
to all Hindus.
they
really
mean
were
to
their
interest
to
Hindu
the
oppression
children. The
her
The
parents
sharply,
remonstrances
about
their
bad
no effect,
up in their evil ways. The few sensible parents who
show
their
children
hesitate
to
elsewhere.
the desired effect
wit-
encouraged
by
care
of them, as a general rule, and see that they want for
nothing in
acting thus
of what the
all unusual
to find
and
obscene
teaching
really seems as if most of the religious and civil
insti-
tutions
ing
and
exciting
passions
towards
a
strong
about their
away
from
his
swears
And after all, is
many
incentives and such ample opportunities of satisfaction ?
Look at the crowd of widows in the prime of life
who are
to
only
practise it without the slightest scruple or remorse. There is
not a
woman amongst them who does not know how to bring it
about. This
odious crime,
the
crimes
of
these
;
to
live
in
seclusion
until
such
are
common
of such
of
outrageous
a woman,
husbands
are
the
are also
to those who have been
so
imprudent
would
stances
are depths of wickedness
which the greater
descend.
it
difficult to believe the stories which show to what lengths
these
pluck
manner of
speaking, tone
him :
tastes exist,
the
beasts
of
easy?'
to
speak
common in
God gave
were
one
ensure our love and respect for it.
It may seem incredible, after what I have just said, when I add
that there is no country in
the
indulged in any familiarities
considered
ridiculous
^
mankind seems incapable
no mark
innocent or disinterested. If
These strict
the contrary, Hindu
examples of
unseemly conduct,
as a
coldness
of
this particular
is
only
too
of the globe, I
the
are spells
diabolical arts
of some
up
Sooner
by
them with
greater horror
employed
mother-
themselves
and
of
a
Brahmin.
own welfare.
own
to his wants
Ed.
Physical
Defects.
Albinoes,
Physique
of the Hindus.—The same Feebleness and Deterioration to be observed
throughout
the
Animal
and
Vegetable
Kingdoms.—
Language of the Brahmins.—
Their
Houses.
Having given a sketch of the moral character of the Brahmins,
I will now say
who are
humpbacked or
some
eclipse
of
the
the
result
no
our tailors.
posed
of Kaffraria
like
sedentary
life,
no
or a
of
shade
gingerbread
are
most
admired.
the soles of the feet
of
jungles
much lighter
country they
European,
up.
their
are
able
to
go
other people.
afflicted
servation
other
night to devour all
^
as the rest
if
albinoes
have
been
in
a
in his
so
deplorably ^
In
consequence
of
this
absurd
superstition,
been buried
in the
prey.
I
avoided.
Otherwise
the clamour of a senseless mob.
But to return to the
subject
Europeans.
under
a
The
part
animals, whether wild or
to think
that nature
food
inhabited by elephants,
flocks
and
and
other
deadly
a
show
no
signs
of
deterioration.
It
is
the
taste :
There are, of
which nature
to
possess
really
reason
dictates.
seems almost
is
are
so
taken
up
with
the
pleasures
and
pass from the greatest
these
sudden
transitions
is not
the outcome
is
any
strong
same
is easy
numerous and
varied, that
coarse,
indecent
invective.
Though
they
pride
themselves
on
between their
of silk
of a
tume is very suitable
par-
ticular
about
procurable all over the country,
those
afford them
a
source
of great pride and pleasure to them. It appears that
formerly the Hindus went
their
present
on the Malabar coast go about in this fashion. So
also
morial, and
of
arranging
copied from
fasten
fine
corner
with
business,
consist
of
one
side.
They
are
what
maintained.
A
which give
arrange-
in all the villages, does not
appear to
affect the
together, when a
would be tedious, to give a detailed
list
of
idea
both
hands,
chest.
separation.
hold on the feet
most reverential is
we
think
him
altered
see that
we notice
I last
was
looking
well
a lovely house,
or
lucky,
&c.
nets.
I
stood
still
to
congratulate
them
on
their
good
luck.
But
up
their
until both
personage,
it
is
presence
walks in
frontof him.
your nose
to this
with
one
of
excluded from
his caste.
is
posed to
their
saris.
Again,
when
they
leave
to
the
passers-by
to
bow
their